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  • February 2008 (Revised December 2023)
  • Case

Digital Music: From MP3 to Streaming

By: Willy Shih
The emergence of the MP3 file-based music format not only disrupted the market for portable audio players, it also impacted the business models of major record labels. Modularity, and the commoditization spillover enabled by modularity in the personal computer... View Details
Keywords: Recording; Digital Devices; Digital Media; Digital Music; Digital; Digital Economics; Consumer Electronics; Customer Value and Value Chain; Disruptive Innovation; Technological Innovation; Information Technology; Music Industry; Technology Industry; Electronics Industry; United States
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    Christopher T. Stanton

    Christopher Stanton is Marvin Bower Associate Professor of Business Administration in the Entrepreneurial Management Unit. Professor Stanton's research streams focus on personnel economics, organizational economics, labor markets, and entrepreneurship. His MBA... View Details

    • Research Summary

    Research Overview

    Jillian has an interest in understanding the effect of high worker autonomy and uncertainty on operational metrics. Her research attempts to empirically explore the relationship between efficiency, resource utilization, and quality in hospital settings.... View Details

    • July 2021
    • Article

    Energy Efficiency and Electricity Reliability

    By: Eliana Carranza and Robyn C. Meeks
    Overloaded electrical systems are a major source of unreliable power. Using a randomized saturation design, we estimate the impact of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) on electricity reliability and household electricity consumption in the Kyrgyz Republic. Greater... View Details
    Keywords: Energy; Technology Adoption; Green Technology; Consumer Behavior; Utilities Industry; Kyrgyzstan
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    • December 2020
    • Article

    Monetary Policy and Global Banking

    By: Falk Bräuning and Victoria Ivashina
    When central banks adjust interest rates, the opportunity cost of lending in local currency changes, but—in absence of frictions—there is no spillover effect to lending in other currencies. However, when equity capital is limited, global banks must benchmark domestic... View Details
    Keywords: Global Banks; Monetary Policy Transmission; Cross-border Lending; Banks and Banking; Financial Markets; Global Range
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    • May 2013
    • Article

    Hybrid Innovation in Meiji Japan

    By: Tom Nicholas
    Japan's hybrid innovation system during the Meiji era of technological modernization provides a useful laboratory for examining the effectiveness of complementary mechanisms to patents. Patents were introduced in 1885, and by 1911, 1.2 million mostly non-pecuniary... View Details
    Keywords: Prizes; Technological Innovation; System; Patents; Knowledge; Value; Cost vs Benefits; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Performance Effectiveness; Japan
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    • 24 Oct 2018
    • HBS Seminar

    Ina Ganguli, University of Massachusetts Amherst

      How Quantitative Easing Works: Evidence on the Refinancing Channel

      When LSAPs are needed the most, simply bending the yield curve through purchasing government debt is not effective for stimulating the mortgage market (a key sector of the economy for the transmission of monetary policy). Purchasing mortgage-backed... View Details

      • May 2021
      • Article

      Private and Social Returns to R&D: Drug Development and Demographics

      By: Efraim Benmelech, Janice Eberly, Dimitris Papanikolaou and Joshua Krieger
      Investment in intangible capital such as R&D has increased dramatically since the 1990s. However, productivity growth remains sluggish in recent years. One potential reason is that a significant share of the increase in intangible investment is geared toward consumer... View Details
      Keywords: Drug Development; Research and Development; Investment Return; Demographics; Pharmaceutical Industry
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        Aliya Korganbekova

        Aliya Korganbekova is an assistant professor in the Accounting and Management Unit. She teaches the Financial Reporting and Control course in the MBA required curriculum. 

        Professor Korganbekova's research focuses on... View Details

        • 2022
        • Working Paper

        Consumer Demand with Social Influences: Evidence from an E-Commerce Platform

        By: El Hadi Caoui, Chiara Farronato, John J. Horton and Robert Schultz
        For some kinds of goods, rarity itself is valued. "Fashionable'" goods are demanded in part because they are unique. In this paper, we explore the economics of rare goods using auctions of limited-edition shoes held by an e-commerce platform. We model endogenous entry... View Details
        Keywords: Rare Goods; Scarcity; E-commerce; Consumer Behavior; Auctions
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        • 2016
        • Working Paper

        Controlling Versus Enabling

        By: Andrei Hagiu and Julian Wright
        Revenue sharing between principals and agents is commonly used to balance double-sided moral hazard. We provide a theory of how, when such revenue-sharing is optimal, a principal allocates control rights over decisions that either party could make. We show that the... View Details
        Keywords: Control Rights; Decision Authority; Employment; Independent Contractors; Organizational Theory; Digital Platforms; Governance Controls; Ethics; Vertical Integration
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        • November 2014
        • Article

        Government Green Procurement Spillovers: Evidence from Municipal Building Policies in California

        By: Timothy Simcoe and Michael W. Toffel
        We study how government green procurement policies influence private-sector demand for similar products. Specifically, we measure the impact of municipal policies requiring governments to construct green buildings on private-sector adoption of the U.S. Green Building... View Details
        Keywords: Public Procurement; Green Building; Quality Certification; Environmental Policy; Buildings and Facilities; Environmental Sustainability; Policy; Government and Politics; Green Technology Industry; Public Administration Industry; California
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        • 16 May 2013
        • Working Paper Summaries

        Marketplace or Reseller?

        Keywords: by Andrei Hagiu & Julian Wright; Retail
        • September 2016
        • Article

        Monitoring Global Supply Chains

        By: Jodi L. Short, Michael W. Toffel and Andrea R. Hugill
        Firms seeking to avoid reputational spillovers that can arise from dangerous, illegal, and unethical behavior at supply chain factories are increasingly relying on private social auditors to provide strategic information about suppliers' conduct. But little is known... View Details
        Keywords: Monitoring; Transaction Cost Economics; Industry Self-regulation; Auditing; Codes Of Conduct; Supply Chains; Corporate Social Responsibility; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Supply Chain; Globalization
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        • 2016
        • Working Paper

        Entrepreneurship and Public Health Insurance

        By: Gareth Olds
        I examine the relationship between public health insurance and firm formation. Developing a variant of regression discontinuity, I find the Child Health Insurance Program lowered the child uninsured rate by 40% and increased self-employment by 15%. Monte Carlo evidence... View Details
        Keywords: Insurance; Entrepreneurship
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        • 2010
        • Working Paper

        Growth through Heterogeneous Innovations

        By: Ufuk Akcigit and William R. Kerr
        We study how exploration versus exploitation innovations impact economic growth through a tractable endogenous growth framework that contains multiple innovation sizes, multi-product firms, and entry/exit. Firms invest in exploration R&D to acquire new product lines... View Details
        Keywords: Business Ventures; Decision Choices and Conditions; Economic Growth; Investment; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Size; Research and Development; United States
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        • April 2023
        • Article

        Racial Inequality in Work Environments

        By: Letian Zhang
        This article explores racial stratification in work environments. Inequality scholars have long identified racial disparities in wage and occupational attainment, but workers’ careers and well-being are also shaped by elements of their work environment, including firm... View Details
        Keywords: Discrimination; Race; Equality and Inequality; Working Conditions; Personal Development and Career; Organizational Culture
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        • Article

        Learning by Thinking: The Role of Reflection in Individual Learning

        By: Giada Di Stefano, Francesca Gino, Gary P. Pisano and Bradley R. Staats
        It is common wisdom that practice makes perfect. And, in fact, we find evidence that when given a choice between practicing a task and reflecting on their previously accumulated practice, most people opt for the former. We argue in this paper that this preference is... View Details
        Keywords: Learning; Cognition and Thinking; Practice; Experience and Expertise
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        • Research Summary

        Tax evasion

        Tax evasion generates billions of dollars of losses in government revenue and creates large distortions, especially in developing countries. A growing, mostly theoretical literature argues that information flows are central to understanding effective taxation.... View Details