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- All HBS Web
(5,193)
- People (22)
- News (1,371)
- Research (2,705)
- Events (19)
- Multimedia (20)
- Faculty Publications (1,283)
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- March 2024
- Teaching Note
CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub
By: Frank Nagle and Maria P. Roche
This teaching note is the companion to case N9-624-010 CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub, which takes place in late 2021. The case briefly describes the history of both GitHub and Microsoft with a particular focus on open source software (OSS)—software... View Details
- 2024
- Working Paper
The Uneven Impact of Generative AI on Entrepreneurial Performance
By: Nicholas G. Otis, Rowan Clarke, Solène Delecourt, David Holtz and Rembrand Koning
Scalable and low-cost AI assistance has the potential to improve firm decision-making and economic performance. However, running a business involves a myriad of open-ended problems, making it difficult to know whether recent AI advances can help business owners make... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Performance Improvement; Small Business; Decision Choices and Conditions; Kenya
Otis, Nicholas G., Rowan Clarke, Solène Delecourt, David Holtz, and Rembrand Koning. "The Uneven Impact of Generative AI on Entrepreneurial Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-042, December 2023.
- September 2009 (Revised November 2021)
- Case
OnStar: Not Your Father's General Motors
By: Clayton M. Christensen
After two years of less than stellar performance resulting in sales well below plan, senior management at General Motors (GM) mobile telecommunications service start-up, OnStar, recognized that without a substantial change in their strategy, support for the venture... View Details
Keywords: Change Management; Decision Choices and Conditions; Growth and Development Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Technology; Risk and Uncertainty; Joint Ventures; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Product Positioning; Risk Management; Auto Industry; Telecommunications Industry
Christensen, Clayton M. "OnStar: Not Your Father's General Motors." Harvard Business School Case 610-029, September 2009. (Revised November 2021.)
- January 2023
- Module Note
Network Effects in Technology
By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
In business and strategy contexts, network effects are often accompanied by bandwagon (or herding) effects, positive feedback loops (or accumulated advantage effects), and market tipping (or winner-take-all dynamics). Though these phenomena are often grouped together... View Details
Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Network Effects in Technology." Harvard Business School Module Note 723-417, January 2023.
- 29 May 2001
- Research & Ideas
How Technological Disruption Changes Everything
disrupted. At a plenary session at the HBS Global Alumni Conference 2001, Christensen expanded on the work highlighted in his 1997 book, The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Disruptive View Details
- September 2013 (Revised June 2017)
- Case
IBM and the Reinvention of High School (A): Proving the P-TECH Concept
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
IBM's Corporate Citizenship office created a social and organizational innovation in public education through a business-school partnership. IBM's Stanley Litow was the key architect in designing Pathways in Technology Early College High School, known as P-TECH. The... View Details
Keywords: Innovation; Partnerships; Leadership; Partners and Partnerships; Education; Business and Community Relations; Change; Innovation and Invention; Education Industry
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "IBM and the Reinvention of High School (A): Proving the P-TECH Concept." Harvard Business School Case 314-049, September 2013. (Revised June 2017.)
- December 1983 (Revised July 1988)
- Case
General Electric--Thermocouple Manufacturing (A)
By: David A. Garvin
GE is considering introducing a "just-in-time" production system to reduce inventory in its thermocouple manufacturing area. The case presents students with a description of the present inventory management system, the production process, and the perspectives of... View Details
Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Time Management; Production; Supply Chain; Perspective; Technology Industry; Technology Industry
Garvin, David A. "General Electric--Thermocouple Manufacturing (A)." Harvard Business School Case 684-040, December 1983. (Revised July 1988.)
- June 2023 (Revised July 2023)
- Case
Social Media Background Screening at Fama Technologies
By: Joseph Pacelli, Jillian Grennan and Alexis Lefort
Fama Technologies is an online screening company that uses AI to analyze job applicants' publicly available online content for signs of risk and culture fit. The case opens with Ben Mones, founder and CEO, looking to secure funding from venture firms. He is running... View Details
Keywords: Human Resources; Recruitment; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Organizational Culture; Talent and Talent Management; AI and Machine Learning; Social Media; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; United States
Pacelli, Joseph, Jillian Grennan, and Alexis Lefort. "Social Media Background Screening at Fama Technologies." Harvard Business School Case 123-010, June 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
- 10 Sep 2007
- Research & Ideas
High Note: Managing the Medici String Quartet
lover who played saxophone in high school, discussed what he learned from violinist Robertson in this interview with HBS Working Knowledge. Martha Lagace: What drew you to writing a business case that looks at the world of classical... View Details
- 2014
- Chapter
Technology Diffusion: Measurement, Causes and Consequences
By: Diego A. Comin and Marti Mestieri
This chapter discusses different approaches pursued to explore three broad questions related to technology diffusion: what general patterns characterize the diffusion of technologies, and how have they changed over time; what are the key drivers of technology, and what... View Details
Comin, Diego A., and Marti Mestieri. "Technology Diffusion: Measurement, Causes and Consequences." In Handbook of Economic Growth. Vol. 2, edited by Philippe Aghion and Steven Durlauf, 565–622. Elsevier, 2014.
- October 2015 (Revised January 2017)
- Case
UPower Technologies Inc.
By: Joseph B. Lassiter III, William A. Sahlman and Liz Kind
The UPower founders, Jake DeWitte and Caroline Cochran, were recent graduates from MIT's Nuclear Science and Engineering Department. They chose to attend Palo Alto–based Y Combinator's accelerator program to focus on building a "mini" nuclear reactor that would produce... View Details
Keywords: Nuclear; Nuclear Energy; Nuclear Power; Energy Markets; New Nuclear; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Marketing; Business ＆ Government Relations; Off-grid; Energy; Renewable Energy; Energy Generation; Energy Sources; Entrepreneurship; Marketing; Business and Government Relations; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; United States
Lassiter, Joseph B., III, William A. Sahlman, and Liz Kind. "UPower Technologies Inc." Harvard Business School Case 816-054, October 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
- November 2023
- Case
Copilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub
This case tells the story of Microsoft’s 2018 acquisition of GitHub and the subsequent launch of GitHub Copilot, a tool that uses generative artificial intelligence to suggest snippets of code to software developers in real time. Set in late 2021, when Copilot was... View Details
Keywords: Business Ventures; Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Product Launch; Information Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States; California
Nagle, Frank, Shane Greenstein, Maria P. Roche, Nataliya Langburd Wright, and Sarah Mehta. "Copilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub." Harvard Business School Case 624-010, November 2023.
- 2025
- Article
Humor as a Window into Generative AI Bias
By: Roger Samure, Julian De Freitas and Stefano Puntoni
A preregistered audit of 600 images by generative AI across 150 different prompts explores the link between humor and discrimination in consumer-facing AI solutions. When ChatGPT updates images to make them “funnier”, the prevalence of stereotyped groups changes. While... View Details
Samure, Roger, Julian De Freitas, and Stefano Puntoni. "Humor as a Window into Generative AI Bias." Art. 1326. Scientific Reports 15 (2025).
- 2017
- Chapter
High Stakes Negotiation: Indian Gaming and Tribal/State Compacts
By: Gavin Clarkson and James K. Sebenius
Although Indian tribes and the surrounding states were often bitter enemies throughout much of the history of the United States, recently tribes and states have been able to work cooperatively in a number of areas. In some instances, Congress has mandated such... View Details
Keywords: Indian Gaming; Negotiation; Regulation; Tribal Sovereignty; Sovereign Finance; Negotiation Participants; Relationships; Cooperation; Connecticut
Clarkson, Gavin, and James K. Sebenius. "High Stakes Negotiation: Indian Gaming and Tribal/State Compacts." Chap. 8 in American Indian Business: Principles and Practices, edited by Deanna M. Kennedy, Charles Harrington, Amy Klemm Verbos, Daniel Stewart, Joseph Gladstone, and Gavin Clarkson, 130–161. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2017.
- February 1985
- Case
General Electric--Thermocouple Manufacturing (B)
By: David A. Garvin
Describes what has happened since the introduction of just-in-time production techniques were developed to reduce inventory. Reviews the progress to date in such areas as process rationalization; set-up reduction; quality improvement and leveling the scheduling; and... View Details
Keywords: Supply Chain; Logistics; Production; Business Processes; Technological Innovation; Quality; Performance Improvement; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Manufacturing Industry
Garvin, David A. "General Electric--Thermocouple Manufacturing (B)." Harvard Business School Case 685-062, February 1985.
- 2020
- Working Paper
A General Theory of Identification
By: Iavor Bojinov and Guillaume Basse
What does it mean to say that a quantity is identifiable from the data? Statisticians seem to agree
on a definition in the context of parametric statistical models — roughly, a parameter θ in a model
P = {Pθ : θ ∈ Θ} is identifiable if the mapping θ 7→ Pθ is injective.... View Details
Bojinov, Iavor, and Guillaume Basse. "A General Theory of Identification." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-086, February 2020.
- March 2016 (Revised May 2021)
- Supplement
IBM and the Reinvention of High School (C): Toward P-TECH's Rapid National Expansion
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Kelsi Stine-Rowe
In early 2016, Stanley Litow, IBM's Vice President of Corporate Citizenship and Corporate Affairs and President of the IBM International Foundation, made his travel arrangements for still another flight from New York to discuss possibilities for application of a new... View Details
Keywords: IBM; P-TECH; Stanley Litow: Robin Willner; Cuomo; Scaling; Innovation; New York State; New York City; Business Model; Innovation Strategy; Innovation Leadership; Education; Business and Community Relations; Change; Growth and Development; Technology Industry; New York (state, US); New York (city, NY)
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Kelsi Stine-Rowe. "IBM and the Reinvention of High School (C): Toward P-TECH's Rapid National Expansion." Harvard Business School Supplement 316-130, March 2016. (Revised May 2021.)
- March 2001 (Revised April 2001)
- Case
General Electric 2000: Quality of Earnings Assessment
By: David F. Hawkins
A financial analyst reviews General Electric's financial reports to learn more about U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and how they differs from international accounting standards. View Details
Keywords: Financial Reporting; Financial Statements; Accounting Audits; International Accounting; Technology Industry; Technology Industry; United States
Hawkins, David F. "General Electric 2000: Quality of Earnings Assessment." Harvard Business School Case 101-091, March 2001. (Revised April 2001.)
- 30 Jul 2012
- Research & Ideas
How Technology Adoption Affects Global Economies
with the level of technology adoption in modern times. However, the paper states, the data set from AD 1500 turned out to be "an excellent predictor of per capita income today." According to the research, when a geographical area had a... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel
- 05 Dec 2013
- Working Paper Summaries
Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns
Keywords: by William R. Kerr