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  • All HBS Web  (402)
    • News  (28)
    • Research  (326)
  • Faculty Publications  (168)

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  • All HBS Web  (402)
    • News  (28)
    • Research  (326)
  • Faculty Publications  (168)
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  • 2024
  • Working Paper

Scaling Core Earnings Measurement with Large Language Models

By: Matthew Shaffer and Charles CY Wang
We study the application of large language models (LLMs) to the estimation of core earnings, i.e., a firm's persistent profitability from its core business activities. This construct is central to investors' assessments of economic performance and valuations. However,... View Details
Keywords: Large Language Models; AI and Machine Learning; Accounting; Profit; Corporate Disclosure; Analytics and Data Science; Measurement and Metrics
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Shaffer, Matthew, and Charles CY Wang. "Scaling Core Earnings Measurement with Large Language Models." Working Paper, November 2024.
  • Research Summary

Information Intermediation

Christopher F. Noe's research involves examining a variety of issues relating to the process through which firms communicate with external parties. He has shown that trading by corporate officials in their own firms shares of common stock increases in the period... View Details

  • August 2024
  • Article

Not a One-Trick Pony: Price Impact of Rating Agency Information

By: Michael Machokoto and Anywhere Sikochi
Prior literature on the informational role of credit rating agencies has largely focused on announcements by the rating agencies regarding rating actions. We take a tangent in this paper and examine the relevance of rating agencies' other information disclosures beyond... View Details
Keywords: Credit; Investment Return; Financial Reporting
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Machokoto, Michael, and Anywhere Sikochi. "Not a One-Trick Pony: Price Impact of Rating Agency Information." Art. 111837. Economics Letters 241 (August 2024).
  • August 2016 (Revised January 2017)
  • Case

Accounting for the iPhone Upgrade Program (A)

By: Jonas Heese, Krishna G. Palepu, H. David Sherman and Monica Baraldi
On September 9, 2015, Apple Inc. announced the “iPhone Upgrade Program,” a new way to purchase iPhone models 6s and 6s Plus in Apple’s retail stores throughout the U.S. Next to the strategic implications of the Upgrade Program, financial analysts tried to understand... View Details
Keywords: Accounting; Apple Inc.; iPhone 6s; International Accounting; Electronics Industry; California; United States
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Heese, Jonas, Krishna G. Palepu, H. David Sherman, and Monica Baraldi. "Accounting for the iPhone Upgrade Program (A)." Harvard Business School Case 117-020, August 2016. (Revised January 2017.)
  • 17 Aug 2006
  • Working Paper Summaries

Corporate Governance and Networks: Bankers in the Corporate Networks of Brazil, Mexico, and the United States circa 1910

Keywords: by Aldo Musacchio
  • November 2009 (Revised August 2013)
  • Case

IFRS in China

By: Karthik Ramanna, G.A. Donovan and Nancy Dai
In 2005, China announced plans to "converge with," but not completely adopt, IFRS. China also began to lobby for changes to specific IFRS provisions, such as for related party disclosures by state-owned firms, to bring them more into line with Chinese interests.... View Details
Keywords: Financial Reporting; International Accounting; Corporate Disclosure; Standards; State Ownership; Business and Government Relations; China
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Ramanna, Karthik, G.A. Donovan, and Nancy Dai. "IFRS in China." Harvard Business School Case 110-037, November 2009. (Revised August 2013.)
  • 13 Jul 2017
  • Working Paper Summaries

Catering Through Disclosure: Evidence from Shanghai-Hong Kong Connect

Keywords: by Aaron S. Yoon
  • January 2013 (Revised March 2016)
  • Case

The Private Company Council

By: Karthik Ramanna and Luis M. Viceira
Financial Accounting Foundation chairman Jack Brennan is under pressure from private-company interests to set up a new body—the Private Company Council—to determine separate GAAP for private companies. PCC advocates—including the US Chamber of Commerce—argue that... View Details
Keywords: FASB; Lobbying; Political Economy; Accounting; Government and Politics; Leadership; Financial Markets; Financial Services Industry; Financial Services Industry; Financial Services Industry
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Ramanna, Karthik, and Luis M. Viceira. "The Private Company Council." Harvard Business School Case 113-045, January 2013. (Revised March 2016.)
  • 24 Apr 2008
  • Working Paper Summaries

Bank Accounting Standards in Mexico: A Layman’s Guide to Changes 10 Years after the 1995 Bank Crisis

Keywords: by Gustavo A. Del Angel, Stephen Haber & Aldo Musacchio; Banking
  • May 2014
  • Article

Incorporating Field Data into Archival Research

By: Eugene F. Soltes
I explore the use of field data in conjunction with archival evidence by examining Iliev, Miller, and Roth's (2014) analysis of an amendment to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This regulatory amendment allowed depositary banks to cross-list firms without the... View Details
Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Research; Financial Reporting
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Soltes, Eugene F. "Incorporating Field Data into Archival Research." Journal of Accounting Research 52, no. 2 (May 2014): 521–540.
  • 09 May 2016
  • Working Paper Summaries

What Do Measures of Real-Time Corporate Sales Tell Us About Earnings Surprises and Post-announcement Returns?

Keywords: by Kenneth A. Froot, Namho Kang, Gideon Ozik, and Ronnie Sadka; Financial Services
  • Research Summary

Overview

The Information Age has introduced well recieved opportunities to track performance. Fitbits and Fuelbands show individuals their own performance; service companies including Uber and leading hospitals help pick from drivers or doctors based on how others rate them;... View Details
Keywords: Management Accounting; Performance Measurement; Incentives; Control; Healthcare Industry; Education; Education Industry; Health Industry; Transportation Industry; Energy Industry; Auto Industry; United States; Japan; India
  • January 2011 (Revised July 2011)
  • Case

Accounting for Catastrophes: BP PLC and Union Carbide Corporation (A)

By: David F. Hawkins
The IASB and FASB propose new contingency loss recognition, measurement, and disclosure rules (A case). The B and C cases apply these proposals to British Petroleum's Mexican Gulf oil spill and Union Carbide's Bhophal gas discharge. View Details
Keywords: Financial Reporting; International Accounting; Trade; International Finance; Standards; Strength and Weakness; Natural Disasters; Crisis Management; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Energy Industry; India
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Hawkins, David F. "Accounting for Catastrophes: BP PLC and Union Carbide Corporation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 111-062, January 2011. (Revised July 2011.)
  • March 2025
  • Case

The Changing Climate on Wall Street

By: Clayton S. Rose, Maxim Pike Harrell and Michael Norris
Increasing and conflicting regulatory requirements and political pressures regarding climate change tested the leaders of U.S. financial institutions, as they struggled to determine how best to comply while managing their business and its risks. In October 2024,... View Details
Keywords: Change; Disruption; Competency and Skills; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Ethics; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Leadership; Management; Risk Management; Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Society; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Strategy; Adaptation; Financial Services Industry; Financial Services Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States; Europe
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Rose, Clayton S., Maxim Pike Harrell, and Michael Norris. "The Changing Climate on Wall Street." Harvard Business School Case 325-020, March 2025.
  • 2013
  • Working Paper

Accountability of Independent Directors—Evidence from Firms Subject to Securities Litigation

By: Francois Brochet and Suraj Srinivasan
We examine which independent directors are held accountable when investors sue firms for financial and disclosure related fraud. Investors can name independent directors as defendants in lawsuits, and they can vote against their re-election to express displeasure over... View Details
Keywords: Debt Securities; Lawsuits and Litigation; Legal Liability
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Brochet, Francois, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Accountability of Independent Directors—Evidence from Firms Subject to Securities Litigation." Working Paper, 2013. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-104, June 2013.)
  • May 2008 (Revised July 2009)
  • Case

Sovereign Wealth Funds: For Profits or Politics?

By: Laura Alfaro and Renee Kim
On March 21, 2008, the U.S. government secured an agreement from two leading sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) to adopt a new set of investment principles to govern the Funds' activities. SWFs, broadly defined as an investment fund owned by a national or a government, were... View Details
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment; Investment Funds; Sovereign Finance; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; International Relations; State Ownership; United States
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Alfaro, Laura, and Renee Kim. "Sovereign Wealth Funds: For Profits or Politics?" Harvard Business School Case 708-053, May 2008. (Revised July 2009.)
  • March 2010
  • Article

Information Content of Insider Trades before and after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

By: Francois Brochet
This paper examines the information content of Form 4 filings under the more timely disclosure regime introduced by Section 403 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Abnormal returns and trading volumes around filings of insider stock purchases are significantly... View Details
Keywords: Stocks; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Lawsuits and Litigation; Market Transactions; Volume; Sales
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Brochet, Francois. "Information Content of Insider Trades before and after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act." Accounting Review 85, no. 2 (March 2010): 419–446.
  • February 2022 (Revised November 2022)
  • Case

Fondeadora

By: Álvaro Rodríguez Arregui and Mitchell Weiss
Norman Müller and René Serrano, cofounders of Fondeadora, a Mexican “neobank,” had lined up a $12.5 million in Series A funding round in 2020 only to run into a major obstacle: The lead investor was Gradient Ventures, a venture firm launched by Alphabet, Inc., and... View Details
Keywords: Fundraising; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Financial Institutions; Business Startups; Government Legislation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Financial Strategy; Financial Services Industry; Mexico City; Latin America
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Rodríguez Arregui, Álvaro, and Mitchell Weiss. "Fondeadora." Harvard Business School Case 822-077, February 2022. (Revised November 2022.)
  • 06 Mar 2012
  • First Look

First Look: March 6

learning, can reorient research about the link between identity-group-based diversity and performance. How to Make Finance Work Authors:Robin Greenwood and David S. Scharfstein Publication:Harvard Business Review 90, no. 3 (March 2012) Abstract Once a sleepy old boys'... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • June 29, 2022
  • Other Article

Strategic Complexity? Using Experiments to Understand and Overcome Obfuscation

By: Michael Luca, Ginger Zhe Jin and Daniel Martin
Credit card companies must decide what product features to disclose to consumers, such as payment schedules, penalties, and fees--and also whether to present them clearly or bury them in the fine print. Firms face similar choices in settings ranging from privacy... View Details
Keywords: Obfuscation; Credit Cards; Strategic Incentives; Complexity; Agreements and Arrangements; Customers; Consumer Behavior; Financial Services Industry
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Luca, Michael, Ginger Zhe Jin, and Daniel Martin. "Strategic Complexity? Using Experiments to Understand and Overcome Obfuscation." Management Science Review (June 29, 2022). (Summary of "Complex Disclosure," Management Science, May 2022.)
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