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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,536)
      • Faculty Publications  (354)

      Diagnostic Control SystemsRemove Diagnostic Control Systems →

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Ultrasound Imaging--Cheap, Versatile, and Safe: Case Histories of Transformational Advances

      By: Amar Bhidé, Srikant M. Datar and Katherine Stebbins
      This case history describes how efforts on multiple fronts, including advocacy, training, and technological development, made ultrasound the second most commonly used diagnostic imaging technology (after X-rays). Specifically, we chronicle 1) ultrasound’s development... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Technology Adoption; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Invention; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Bhidé, Amar, Srikant M. Datar, and Katherine Stebbins. "Ultrasound Imaging--Cheap, Versatile, and Safe: Case Histories of Transformational Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-003, July 2019. (Revised January 2025.)
      • June 2019 (Revised July 2019)
      • Case

      Building a Meritocracy at Alghanim Industries

      By: Paul M. Healy, Susanna Gallani and Esel Çekin
      Building on his father’s legacy, Omar Alghanim (MBA 2002) had been working on strengthening a performance-driven culture based on meritocracy in the family business, Alghanim Industries. The task had been particularly challenging because of traditional Middle East... View Details
      Keywords: Meritocracy; Social Norms; Family Business; Organizational Culture; Performance; Diversity; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Middle East; Kuwait
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      Healy, Paul M., Susanna Gallani, and Esel Çekin. "Building a Meritocracy at Alghanim Industries." Harvard Business School Case 119-019, June 2019. (Revised July 2019.)
      • May 28, 2019
      • Other Article

      How Russia Found a Disinformation Haven in America

      By: Rawi Abdelal and Galit Goldstein
      The Mueller Report established that “the Russians” undertook information operations campaigns to meddle in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Though this has been clear for a long time, Americans continue to discuss Russian information operations in the wrong way.... View Details
      Keywords: Elections; Donald Trump; Political Elections; National Security; Information Technology; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Social Media; Russia; United States
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      Abdelal, Rawi, and Galit Goldstein. "How Russia Found a Disinformation Haven in America." National Interest (May 28, 2019).
      • April 2019 (Revised March 2020)
      • Case

      Handy: The Future of Work? (A)

      By: Nien-hê Hsieh and Kieron Stopforth
      Witnessing numerous lawsuits alleging that online platform companies misclassified workers as contractors when they were actually employees, Handy’s founders faced a series of decisions. Handy was an online platform business that enabled customers to book appointments... View Details
      Keywords: Employment; Working Conditions; Entrepreneurship; Compensation and Benefits; Internet and the Web; Ethics; Fairness; Service Industry; United States
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      Hsieh, Nien-hê, and Kieron Stopforth. "Handy: The Future of Work? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 319-103, April 2019. (Revised March 2020.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      When Does Gamified Training Improve Performance? The Roles of Office and Leader Engagement

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Wei Cai and Tatiana Sandino
      Gamified training is a novel management control system in which companies use gamification techniques to engage and motivate employees to learn. This study empirically examines the performance consequences of gamified training using data from a natural field... View Details
      Keywords: Gamified Training; Management Control Systems; Employee Engagement; Employees; Learning; Training; Motivation and Incentives; Performance
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      Buell, Ryan W., Wei Cai, and Tatiana Sandino. "When Does Gamified Training Improve Performance? The Roles of Office and Leader Engagement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-101, March 2019. (Revised October 2023.)
      • February 2019
      • Technical Note

      Can Multiunit Organizations Remain Agile as They Grow?

      By: Tatiana Sandino
      This note discusses how multiunit organizations incorporate flexibility into their management control systems, some by authorizing all or a select number of their dispersed units to make input and process decisions, some by investing in data-analytic technologies to... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Flexibility; Management Systems; Business Units; Decision Making
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      Sandino, Tatiana. "Can Multiunit Organizations Remain Agile as They Grow?" Harvard Business School Technical Note 119-067, February 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 15 The IBM PC

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The IBM PC was the first digital computer platform that was open by as a matter of strategy, not necessity. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the IBM PC as a technical system and set of organization choices in light of the theory of how technology shapes... View Details
      Keywords: IBM; Personal Computer; Digital Platforms; System; Strategy
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 15 The IBM PC." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-074, January 2019.
      • January–February 2019
      • Article

      Corporate Purpose and Financial Performance

      By: Claudine Gartenberg, Andrea Prat and George Serafeim
      We construct a measure of corporate purpose within a sample of U.S. companies based on approximately 500,000 survey responses of worker perceptions about their employers. We find that this measure of purpose is not related to financial performance. However, high... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Purpose; Purpose; Employee Motivation; Belief Systems; Corporate Performance; Human Capital; Middle Management; Culture; Corporate Culture; Meaning; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Employees; Perception; Values and Beliefs; Performance Effectiveness
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      Gartenberg, Claudine, Andrea Prat, and George Serafeim. "Corporate Purpose and Financial Performance." Organization Science 30, no. 1 (January–February 2019): 1–18.
      • November 2018 (Revised April 2019)
      • Case

      Zespri Grows

      By: David E. Bell and Natalie Kindred
      Controlling about a third of global kiwifruit exports by volume and nearly half by value in 2018, Zespri was a grower-owned “corporatized cooperative” with the exclusive right to export New Zealand-grown kiwifruit (except to Australia). Zespri did not grow fruit but... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Kiwi; Kiwifruit; Agriculture; Global Supply Chain; Branding; Produce; Coordinated Industry Structure; Industry Coordination; Countercyclical Supply; New Product Development; Product Strategy; Differentiation; Food; Quality; Trade; Brands and Branding; Marketing; Strategy; Global Strategy; Change Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Globalization; Globalized Firms and Management; Competitive Strategy; Resource Allocation; Product Development; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; New Zealand
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      Bell, David E., and Natalie Kindred. "Zespri Grows." Harvard Business School Case 519-047, November 2018. (Revised April 2019.)
      • October 2018 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      The Financial Crisis: Timothy Geithner and the Stress Tests

      By: Samuel G. Hanson, Robin Greenwood, David Scharfstein and Adi Sunderam
      In February and March 2009, the U.S. economy was in the midst of a terrifying financial and economic crisis. Between the beginning of 2008 and early 2009, four of the 25 largest U.S. financial institutions had failed, and nine of these 25 institutions had taken... View Details
      Keywords: Bailout; Regulation; Stress Test; Financial Crisis; History; Economy; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Decision Making; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Real Estate Industry; United States
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      Hanson, Samuel G., Robin Greenwood, David Scharfstein, and Adi Sunderam. "The Financial Crisis: Timothy Geithner and the Stress Tests." Harvard Business School Case 219-038, October 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • October 2018 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      The Financial Crisis: Hank Paulson in 2008

      By: Adi Sunderam, Robin Greenwood, Sam Hanson and David Scharfstein
      On the afternoon of Monday October 13, 2008, Hank Paulson Jr., the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, walked into the large conference room across the hall from his office in the Treasury Department. Joining him were Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke,... View Details
      Keywords: Bailout; Regulation; Financial Crisis; History; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Decision Making; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Real Estate Industry; United States
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      Sunderam, Adi, Robin Greenwood, Sam Hanson, and David Scharfstein. "The Financial Crisis: Hank Paulson in 2008." Harvard Business School Case 219-037, October 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • September 2018 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      Sobha Group Real Estate: Backward Integration for Quality

      By: John Macomber and Alpana Thapar
      From humble beginnings in Kerala, India, Mr. PNC Menon built a reputation for quality, detail, and trustworthiness, earning him major construction commissions in the Gulf region. This paved the way for venturing into real estate development in Dubai, UAE. Striving to... View Details
      Keywords: Real Estate; Backward Integration; Land Acquisition; Raising Capital; Construction; Family Business; Decision Making; Joint Ventures; Quality; Real Estate Industry; Construction Industry; India; Middle East; Dubai
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      Macomber, John, and Alpana Thapar. "Sobha Group Real Estate: Backward Integration for Quality." Harvard Business School Case 219-034, September 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • August 2018
      • Article

      Virtual Issue on Empirical Management Accounting Research

      By: Margaret Abernethy and Dennis Campbell
      Keywords: Management Accounting; Management Accounting And Control Systems; Accounting
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      Abernethy, Margaret, and Dennis Campbell. "Virtual Issue on Empirical Management Accounting Research." Journal of Accounting Research (August 2018).
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Tax Cuts Increase Income Inequality

      By: Suresh Nallareddy, Ethan Rouen and Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato
      This paper studies the effects of corporate tax changes on income inequality. Using state corporate tax rate changes as a setting, we show that cutting state corporate tax rates leads to increases in income inequality. This result is robust to using regression and... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Taxation; Income; Equality and Inequality; United States
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      Nallareddy, Suresh, Ethan Rouen, and Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato. "Corporate Tax Cuts Increase Income Inequality." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-101, May 2018.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Creating the Market for Organic Wine: Sulfites, Certification, and Green Values

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Emily Grandjean
      This working paper examines the history of organic wine, which provides a case study of failed category creation. The modern organic wine industry emerged during the 1970s in the United States and Western Europe, but it struggled to gain traction compared to other... View Details
      Keywords: Product Launch; Failure; Problems and Challenges; Complexity; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Emily Grandjean. "Creating the Market for Organic Wine: Sulfites, Certification, and Green Values." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-048, December 2017.
      • November 2017
      • Technical Note

      21st Century Populism

      By: George Serafeim and David Freiberg
      While the first decade of the 21st century saw a massive financial crisis that led to significant economic downturn, the second decade saw the rise of political leaders, who built their support upon a political message that championed the common person against the... View Details
      Keywords: Populism; Market Efficiency; Market Liberalization; Political Influence; Political Instability; Capital Controls; Partnerships; Coalition; Inequality; Role Of Business In Society; Government Intervention In The Markets; Labor Market; Equality and Inequality; Financial Markets; Social Issues; Immigration; Financial Crisis; Capital Markets; Business and Government Relations
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      Serafeim, George, and David Freiberg. "21st Century Populism." Harvard Business School Technical Note 118-029, November 2017.
      • September 19, 2017
      • Article

      After Equifax Breach, Companies Advised to Review Open-Source Software Code

      By: Ben DiPietro and Lou Shipley
      It doesn’t make much sense: At a time when high-powered automated trading systems can execute stock sales in real time, some companies that rely on open-source software to help to run their businesses track their open-source use on spread sheets on paper.
      Lou... View Details
      Keywords: Software; Open-source; Security Vulnerabilities; Data Privacy; Hack; Applications and Software; Safety; Cybersecurity
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      DiPietro, Ben, and Lou Shipley. "After Equifax Breach, Companies Advised to Review Open-Source Software Code." Wall Street Journal (September 19, 2017).
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism

      By: Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
      N.S.B. Gras, the father of Business History in the United States, argued that the era of mercantile capitalism was defined by the figure of the “sedentary merchant,” who managed his business from home, using correspondence and intermediaries, in contrast to the earlier... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Systems; History; Business History
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      Reinert, Sophus A., and Robert Fredona. "Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-021, September 2017. (Forthcoming in Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business. Edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Christina Lubinski, Heidi Tworek (2018).)
      • August 2017
      • Supplement

      Quiet Logistics: CEO Bruce Welty Discusses New Robotics Company

      By: Robert L. Simons and Jennifer Packard
      This is a video supplement to Quiet Logistics A (HBS No. 115-001) and Quiet Logistics B (HBS No. 115-003). View Details
      Keywords: Strategy And Execution; Management Control Systems; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Simons, Robert L., and Jennifer Packard. "Quiet Logistics: CEO Bruce Welty Discusses New Robotics Company." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 118-701, August 2017.
      • Article

      Stop the Meeting Madness: How to Free Up Time for Meaningful Work

      By: Leslie Perlow, Constance Noonan Hadley and Eunice Eun
      Many executives feel overwhelmed by meetings, and no wonder: On average, they spend nearly 23 hours a week in them, up from less than 10 hours in the 1960s. What’s more, the meetings are often poorly timed, badly run, or both. We can all joke about how painful they... View Details
      Keywords: Time Management; Performance Efficiency; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Improvement
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      Perlow, Leslie, Constance Noonan Hadley, and Eunice Eun. "Stop the Meeting Madness: How to Free Up Time for Meaningful Work." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 4 (July–August 2017): 62–69.
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