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      Unit EconomicsRemove Unit Economics →

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      • December 1982 (Revised July 1985)
      • Case

      Kennedy and the Balance of Payments

      By: David B. Yoffie
      In 1960, the United States was facing a balance of payments problem. Gold reserves were being drained, American products were losing competitiveness, and the dollar was under attack. This case analyzes the roots of this problem, provides an opportunity to discuss in... View Details
      Keywords: Problems and Challenges; Accounting; Macroeconomics; Money; Currency; Trade; United States
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      Yoffie, David B. "Kennedy and the Balance of Payments." Harvard Business School Case 383-073, December 1982. (Revised July 1985.)
      • December 1982 (Revised September 2015)
      • Case

      Halloran Metals

      By: Roy Shapiro
      Two competitors in the Northeast steel service center industry have made very different choices with regards to logistics and operating strategy. One distributes from a large central location; the other operates seven widely scattered warehouses. Students can diagnose... View Details
      Keywords: Logistics; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Business Cycles; Decision Choices and Conditions; Metals and Minerals; Supply Chain; Steel Industry; United States
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      Shapiro, Roy. "Halloran Metals." Harvard Business School Case 683-062, December 1982. (Revised September 2015.)
      • May 1981 (Revised February 2000)
      • Case

      Reagan Plan, The

      By: George C. Lodge
      Contains President Reagan's address to Congress in February of 1981 in which he proposes $49 billion in budget cuts and tax reductions. Also contains David Stockman's "economic Dunkirk" memorandum of November 1980. Exhibits contain economic data. Purpose is to provide... View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Economy; Government and Politics; Budgets and Budgeting; United States
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      Lodge, George C. "Reagan Plan, The." Harvard Business School Case 381-173, May 1981. (Revised February 2000.)
      • 1977
      • Working Paper

      Mitigating Demographic Risk Through Social Insurance

      By: Jerry R. Green
      A two-period lifetime overlapping generations growth model is used to evaluate the possibility that social insurance can effectively offset economic risks associated with uncertainty about the rate of population growth. Crude measures of the seriousness of this type of... View Details
      Keywords: Social Insurance; Econometric Models; Public Sector; Government Administration; Policy; Human Needs; Social Issues; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Green, Jerry R. "Mitigating Demographic Risk Through Social Insurance." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 215, November 1977.
      • February 1969
      • Article

      Test of a Product Cycle Model of International Trade: U.S. Exports of Consumer Durables

      By: Louis T Wells Jr
      Keywords: Global Range; Trade; Product; Goods and Commodities; United States
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      Wells, Louis T., Jr. "Test of a Product Cycle Model of International Trade: U.S. Exports of Consumer Durables." Quarterly Journal of Economics 83, no. 1 (February 1969): 152–62. (Also reprinted in Wells, The Product Life Cycle and International Trade.)
      • Website

      Creating Emerging Markets

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      Harvard Business School has an on-going program to conduct in-depth interviews with top business leaders who have created and managed businesses in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America over the last four decades. These interviews, many lasting several... View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Emerging Market
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      Jones, Geoffrey. Creating Emerging Markets. http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/Pages/default.aspx.
      • Research Summary

      Democratic Governance and Decision Making

      By: David A. Moss
      Under what conditions are public policies in a democracy determined by special interests or, alternatively, by the general interest?  A good deal of academic work, particularly associated with the economic theory of regulation, suggests that special interests... View Details
      • Research Summary

      Financing New Business Formation

      By: Paul A. Gompers
      New business creation has become a potent force for economicdevelopment in the United States. Prior to 1980, large firms created the majority of new jobs in the American economy. While considerable debate rages over whether small firms are the source of recent job... View Details
      • Research Summary

      Growth and the Quality of Foreign Direct Investment: Is All FDI Equal? (joint with Andrew Charlton)

      By: Laura Alfaro
      In this paper we distinguish different qualities of FDI to re-examine the relationship between FDI and growth. Establishing the quality of FDI, however, is a difficult concept. Quality, that is the effect of a unit of FDI on economic growth, is a combination and... View Details
      • 2024
      • Dictionary Entry

      Jerry R. Green (1946-)

      By: Eddie Dekel, John Geanakoplos and Scott Duke Kominers
      Jerry Green has a deep and long-standing connection to Harvard University, and in particular with its Economics Department. This paper begins by reviewing his intellectual background, and then turns to exploring how he has influenced scholars through his wide-ranging... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Microeconomics; Theory; History; Game Theory; Decision Choices and Conditions; Education Industry; North America; United States; Cambridge; Massachusetts; Boston
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      Dekel, Eddie, John Geanakoplos, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Jerry R. Green (1946-)." In The Palgrave Companion to Harvard Economics, edited by Robert Cord. Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming.
      • Teaching Interest

      Overview

      By: Mitchell B. Weiss
      Public entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, leadership, business and government, cities, artificial intelligence View Details
      Keywords: Public Entrepreneurship; Leadership; Business And Government; Artificial Intelligence; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Public Sector; City; AI and Machine Learning
      • Teaching Interest

      Overview

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Professor Shih has taught the Technology and Operations Management (TOM) course and FIELD Global Immersion in the first-year MBA required curriculum. He also has taught Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise (BSSE) in the second-year MBA curriculum, as well as... View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chain Management; Operations Management; Operations Strategy; Globalization Of Supply Chain; Competitiveness; Globalization; Trade; Operations; Manufacturing Industry; Transportation Industry; United States; China; Europe; Japan
      • Research Summary

      Overview

      By: Mattias E. Fibiger
      Professor Fibiger conducts research on twentieth-century international history, focusing primarily on political economy and international relations in Southeast Asia.

      Professor Fibiger's first book is entitled Suharto's Cold War: Indonesia, Southeast... View Details
      Keywords: Authoritarianism; Political Economy; Foreign Aid; Foreign Direct Investment; Foreign Policy; Southeast Asia; United States; Finance; International Economy; International Capital Markets; History; International Relations; National Security; Government and Politics; Development Economics; Southeast Asia; United States; Indonesia; Philippines; Malaysia; Singapore
      • Research Summary

      Overview

      By: Ashley V. Whillans
      Engaged with field work in East Africa, South Asia, and in several large hybrid organizations in the United States, Professor Whillans places a focus on exploring questions with strong theoretical motivation in the social psychological literature and relevant... View Details
      • Research Summary

      Overview

      By: Michael W. Toffel
      My research examines how companies manage environmental issues, occupational safety, and working conditions in global supply chains. More recently, I have also begun researching the drivers and implications of CEO activism, where organizational leaders speak out on... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Performance; Environmental Strategy; Labor Management; Transparency; Institutional Theory; Economic Analysis; Quality Improvement; Operations Management; Supply Chain; Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Safety; Quality; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Pollution; Environmental Management; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Manufacturing Industry; Construction Industry; Asia; Europe; United States
      • Research Summary

      Public Policy and Markets

      By: Willis M. Emmons
      William (Willis) M. Emmons III is investigating the interaction of public policy, markets, business strategy, and performance at the levels of firm, industry, and society. Emmons' approach draws heavily on economic theories of industrial organization, market failure,... View Details
      • Research Summary

      Risk Management as a Function of Government

      By: David A. Moss
      Professor Moss's academic work in this area explores how and why governments manage private-sector risks. Based on historical and institutional research, he argues that risk management constitutes a critical function of government with far-reaching implications. ... View Details
      • Research Summary

      Spatial Agglomeration and Superstar Firms

      By: Laura Alfaro
      We characterize the agglomeration patterns of industries and plants in Europe, distinguishing Eurozone countries and the United States. Using a micro-level index, we quantify the degree of geographic concentration in industrial activities and explore how firm... View Details
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      The Evolution of Financial Services in the United States

      By: Robin Greenwood, Robert Ialenti and David Scharfstein
      This article surveys the literature on the historical growth and transformation of the U.S. financial sector. The sector expanded rapidly between 1980 until 2006, when its contribution to GDP rose from 4.8% to 7.6%. After the Global Financial Crisis, the size of the... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Financial Institutions; Financial Markets; Growth and Development; Economic Sectors
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      Greenwood, Robin, Robert Ialenti, and David Scharfstein. "The Evolution of Financial Services in the United States." Annual Review of Financial Economics (forthcoming).
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance

      By: Astrid Marinoni and Maria P. Roche
      This paper examines the impact of the expansion of the US Postal Service in the late 19th century on firm creation and performance. Utilizing newly digitized archival data on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road networks in California,... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Innovation; Knowledge Exchange; US Postal Service; Firm Performance; Infrastructure; Expansion; Government Administration; Communication; Business History; Entrepreneurship; Public Administration Industry; California
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      Marinoni, Astrid, and Maria P. Roche. "You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance." Management Science (forthcoming). (Pre-published online January 15, 2025.)
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