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All HBS Web
(1,782)
- People (1)
- News (398)
- Research (1,148)
- Multimedia (9)
- Faculty Publications (609)
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- September 1995 (Revised March 2023)
- Background Note
Process Fundamentals
By: Ann E. Gray and James Leonard
This note provides an introduction for a course or module covering the basic elements of production or service operations and how processes are managed. Begins by discussing the activities that take place in a "process." Analysis tools such as the process flow diagram...
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Gray, Ann E., and James Leonard. "Process Fundamentals." Harvard Business School Background Note 696-023, September 1995. (Revised March 2023.)
- September 1994 (Revised March 1995)
- Case
RailTex, Inc. (A)
By: Norman A. Berg and James Weber
By 1992, RailTex, Inc., had acquired and was operating 23 geographically separate short-line railroads (feeder lines for larger railroads) in Mexico, Canada, and primarily in the United States. Founded in 1977 with $500,000 of capital as a railcar leasing company, the...
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Keywords:
Acquisition;
Business Divisions;
Cost Management;
Growth and Development;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Management Systems;
Product Marketing;
Logistics;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Valuation
Berg, Norman A., and James Weber. "RailTex, Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 395-033, September 1994. (Revised March 1995.)
- 06 Feb 2007
- First Look
First Look: February 6, 2007
Working PapersThe Rise of Business Forecasting Agencies in the United States Author:Walter A. Friedman Abstract This paper analyzes the rise of business and economic forecasting agencies in the United States. The field was developed by...
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Keywords:
Martha Lagace
- Article
Present Bias Causes and Then Dissipates Auto-enrollment Savings Effects
By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Peter Maxted
Present bias causes procrastination, which leads households to stick with auto-enrollment defaults. However, present bias also engenders overconsumption. Separation from each employer generates a rollover of 401(k) balances to an individual retirement account (IRA)...
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Keywords:
Present Bias;
Procrastination;
Personal Finance;
Decision Making;
Social Psychology;
Retirement
Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Peter Maxted. "Present Bias Causes and Then Dissipates Auto-enrollment Savings Effects." AEA Papers and Proceedings 112 (May 2022): 136–141.
- April 2018
- Case
Wilderness Safaris: Ecotourism Entrepreneurship
By: James E. Austin, Megan Epler Wood and Herman B. "Dutch" Leonard
Wilderness Safaris sees itself as a conservation company that is built on a business model of providing high-end, premium-priced wildlife safaris in various locations in Africa. Dependent on functioning, healthy ecosystems for its long-term survivability as a business,...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Conservation Planning;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Ecotourism;
Strategy;
Social Enterprise;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Expansion;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Tourism Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Travel Industry;
Africa;
Botswana
Austin, James E., Megan Epler Wood, and Herman B. "Dutch" Leonard. "Wilderness Safaris: Ecotourism Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Case 318-040, April 2018.
- Forthcoming
- Article
Automatic Enrollment with a 12% Default Contribution Rate
By: John Beshears, Ruofei Guo, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian and James J. Choi
We study a retirement savings plan with a default contribution rate of 12% of income, which is much higher than previously studied defaults. Twenty-five percent of employees had not opted out of this default 12 months after hire; a literature review finds that the...
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Keywords:
Retirement Savings;
Defined Contribution Retirement Plan;
Automatic Enrollment;
Retirement;
Saving;
Income;
Decision Choices and Conditions
Beshears, John, Ruofei Guo, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, and James J. Choi. "Automatic Enrollment with a 12% Default Contribution Rate." Journal of Pension Economics & Finance (forthcoming). (Pre-published online September 11, 2023.)
- 22 Dec 2015
- First Look
December 22, 2015
demand, and supporting infrastructures, including business ecosystems) and, when feasible, the wider institutional, regulatory, and even cultural context that conventional International business literature takes as a datum. This is examined conceptually and View Details
Keywords:
Carmen Nobel
- February 2012
- Article
A 'Core Periphery' Framework to Navigate Emerging Market Governments—Qualitative Evidence from a Biotechnology Multinational
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, James Geraghty and Tarun Khanna
We build on the emerging literature of influence-based models to study how multinational firms can navigate host governments. Our "core-periphery" framework posits that the actions that an MNC takes with actors in what we call the "periphery"—comprised of state,...
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Keywords:
Emerging Markets;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Business and Government Relations;
Power and Influence;
Framework;
Biotechnology Industry;
Massachusetts;
Brazil;
China;
Costa Rica;
France;
India
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, James Geraghty, and Tarun Khanna. "A 'Core Periphery' Framework to Navigate Emerging Market Governments—Qualitative Evidence from a Biotechnology Multinational." Global Strategy Journal 2, no. 1 (February 2012): 71–87.
- March 2011
- Case
Calveta Dining Services, Inc.: A Recipe for Growth?
By: James L. Heskett and Patricia Girardi
Calveta Dining Services contracts with senior living facilities (SLFs) for the management of food service to residents. Created by Antonio Calveta and built on his passion for food and traditional family values, the firm had enjoyed three decades of strong growth when...
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Keywords:
Corporate Vision;
Employee Empowerment;
Service Management;
Family Businesses;
Growth Strategy;
Family Business;
Expansion;
Communication;
Employee Relationship Management;
Service Operations;
Organizational Structure;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Service Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry
Heskett, James L., and Patricia Girardi. "Calveta Dining Services, Inc.: A Recipe for Growth?" Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-261, March 2011.
- 31 Jul 2018
- First Look
New Research and Ideas, July 31, 2018
Finance By: Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian Abstract—This chapter provides an overview of household finance. The first part summarizes key facts regarding household financial behavior, emphasizing...
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Keywords:
Dina Gerdeman
- June 2016
- Article
Vaccination Rates Are Associated with Functional Proximity but Not Base Proximity of Vaccination Clinics
By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian and Gwendolyn I. Reynolds
Background: Routine annual influenza vaccinations are recommended for persons 6 months of age and older, but less than half of U.S. adults get vaccinated. Many employers offer employees free influenza vaccinations at workplace clinics, but even then take-up is...
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Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, and Gwendolyn I. Reynolds. "Vaccination Rates Are Associated with Functional Proximity but Not Base Proximity of Vaccination Clinics." Medical Care 54, no. 6 (June 2016): 578–583.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Pandemic Schooling Mode and Student Test Scores: Evidence from U.S. States
By: Clare Halloran, Rebecca Jack, James C. Okun and Emily Oster
We estimate the impact of district-level schooling mode (in-person versus hybrid or distance learning) on test scores. We combine Spring 2021 state standardized test score data with comprehensive data on schooling in the 2020-21 school year across 12 states. We find...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
In-person Schooling;
Distance Learning;
Outcomes Measurement;
Health Pandemics;
Education;
Performance Evaluation
Halloran, Clare, Rebecca Jack, James C. Okun, and Emily Oster. "Pandemic Schooling Mode and Student Test Scores: Evidence from U.S. States." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29497, November 2021.
- 05 Jul 2006
- First Look
First Look: July 5, 2006
Working PapersThe Framing Effect of Price Format Marco Bertini and Luc Wathieu Existing evidence suggests that preferences are affected by whether a price is presented as one all-inclusive expense or partitioned into a series of...
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Keywords:
Sean Silverthorne
- Article
Policy Implications of Weak Patent Rights
By: James J. Anton, Hillary Greene and Dennis Yao
Patents vary substantially in the degree of protection provided against unauthorized imitation. In this chapter we explore a range of work addressing the economic and policy implications of "weak" patents—patents that have a significant probability of being overturned...
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Keywords:
Patents;
Motivation and Incentives;
Entrepreneurship;
Competition;
Policy;
Innovation and Invention;
Rights;
Monopoly;
Business Startups
Anton, James J., Hillary Greene, and Dennis Yao. "Policy Implications of Weak Patent Rights." Innovation Policy and the Economy 6 (2006): 1–26. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
- Research Summary
Cross-Sector Partnering
By: James E. Austin
This on-going research project is examining the motivations, dynamics, and effectiveness determinants of partnering between nonprofit organizations, businesses, and government entities. The first major output of the research focusing on nonprofits and businesses was...
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- January 2024
- Background Note
Evaluating Innovations in the Organization of Primary Care: What Type of Innovation Is It and How Well Does It Align with the Six Factors?
By: Regina E. Herzlinger and James Wallace
How can we evaluate if innovative health care ventures can do good—benefit society—and do well—become financially viable? This question is the topic of the first module in the Innovating in Health Care course book.
This note and "Health Stop (A): What Type... View Details
This note and "Health Stop (A): What Type... View Details
- November 2013
- Article
Simplification and Saving
By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
The daunting complexity of important financial decisions can lead to procrastination. We evaluate a low-cost intervention that substantially simplifies the retirement savings plan participation decision. Individuals received an opportunity to enroll in a retirement...
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Keywords:
Retirement Savings;
Simplification;
Procrastination;
Behavioral Economics;
Saving;
Motivation and Incentives;
Retirement
Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Simplification and Saving." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 95 (November 2013): 130–145.
- 2014
- Article
Notes from the Search for Deep Indicators in Services
By: James L. Heskett
Much of the research in the service sector over the last four decades has concerned itself with the search for deep indicators that explain service performance. This paper provides a brief retrospective of some of this research and illustrates the directions that this...
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Heskett, James L. "Notes from the Search for Deep Indicators in Services." Journal of Service Management 25, no. 3 (2014): 298–309.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Smaller than We Thought? The Effect of Automatic Savings Policies
By: James J. Choi, David Laibson, Jordan Cammarota, Richard Lombardo and John Beshears
Medium- and long-run dynamics undermine the effect of automatic enrollment and default savings-rate auto-escalation on retirement savings. Our analysis of nine 401(k) plans incorporates the facts that employees frequently leave firms (often before matching...
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Choi, James J., David Laibson, Jordan Cammarota, Richard Lombardo, and John Beshears. "Smaller than We Thought? The Effect of Automatic Savings Policies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32828, August 2024.
- Article
Beyond Emotional Similarity: The Role of Situation-specific Motives
By: Amit Goldenberg, David Garcia, Eran Halperin, Jamil Zaki, Danyang Kong, Golijeh Golarai and James J. Gross
It is well established that people often express emotions that are similar to those of other group members. However, people do not always express emotions that are similar to other group members, and the factors that determine when similarity occurs are not yet clear....
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Keywords:
Emotion Contagion;
Emotional Influence;
Motivation;
Group Dynamics;
Emotions;
Situation or Environment;
Motivation and Incentives;
Behavior
Goldenberg, Amit, David Garcia, Eran Halperin, Jamil Zaki, Danyang Kong, Golijeh Golarai, and James J. Gross. "Beyond Emotional Similarity: The Role of Situation-specific Motives." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 149, no. 1 (January 2020): 138–159.