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  • November 2005 (Revised December 2016)
  • Case

Bally Total Fitness (A): The Rise, 1962–2004

By: John R. Wells, Elizabeth A. Raabe and Gabriel Ellsworth
From a single, modest club in 1962, Bally Total Fitness had grown to become—in management’s words—the “largest and only nationwide commercial operator of fitness centers” in the United States in 2004. Bally had faced its share of challenges, but the last couple of... View Details
Keywords: Bally Total Fitness; Fitness; Gyms; Health Clubs; Chain; Securities And Exchange Commission; Paul Toback; Weight Loss; Exercise; Contracts; Personal Training; Retention; Accounting; Accounting Audits; Accrual Accounting; Finance; Advertising; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; For-Profit Firms; Customers; Customer Satisfaction; Public Equity; Financing and Loans; Revenue; Revenue Recognition; Geographic Scope; Multinational Firms and Management; Health; Nutrition; Business History; Lawsuits and Litigation; Management; Business or Company Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing; Operations; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Public Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business Strategy; Competition; Corporate Strategy; Expansion; Segmentation; Trends; Cost Management; Profit; Growth and Development; Leadership Style; Five Forces Framework; Private Ownership; Opportunities; Motivation and Incentives; Competitive Strategy; Health Industry; United States; Illinois; Chicago
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Wells, John R., Elizabeth A. Raabe, and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Bally Total Fitness (A): The Rise, 1962–2004." Harvard Business School Case 706-450, November 2005. (Revised December 2016.)
  • 09 Apr 2019
  • First Look

New Research and Ideas, April 9, 2019

International Business and Emerging Markets in Historical Perspective By: Jones, G. Abstract—This chapter examines international business in emerging markets over the long run. It shows how the strategies of Western multinationals evolved over time. In the first era of... View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
  • September 2019 (Revised May 2021)
  • Case

pymetrics: International Expansion

By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
In August 2018, pymetrics, a solution offering neuroscience-based recruiting tests, closed a $40 million funding round that valued the business at $160 million. Over 60 companies around the globe were using pymetrics tests in their recruiting process, including... View Details
Keywords: BrainTech; Psychodynamics; Psychology; Hiring Of Employees; Hiring; Strategic Evolution; Strategy And Execution; Startup; Start-up; Startups; Start-ups; Entrepreneur; Bias; Rapid Growth Stage; Recruitment; Selection and Staffing; Strategy; Business Startups; Employment; Growth and Development Strategy; Global Strategy
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Wells, John R., and Benjamin Weinstock. "pymetrics: International Expansion." Harvard Business School Case 720-376, September 2019. (Revised May 2021.)
  • October 2024
  • Background Note

The Semiconductor Industry

By: Andy Wu, Steve Blank and Matt Higgins
The semiconductor industry powers modern technology, from consumer electronics to data centers. This background note explores the layers of the semiconductor inudstry value chain, including Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs), fabless companies, and foundries, while... View Details
Keywords: Strategy; Supply Chain; Product Design; Customer Value and Value Chain; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Semiconductor Industry; United States; China; Taiwan
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Wu, Andy, Steve Blank, and Matt Higgins. "The Semiconductor Industry." Harvard Business School Background Note 725-398, October 2024.
  • 11 Jul 2006
  • First Look

First Look: July 11, 2006

  Working PapersGlobalizing the Beauty Business Before 1980 Geoffrey G. Jones This working paper examines the globalization of the beauty industry before 1980. This industry, which had emerged in its modern form in the United States... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 25 Apr 2023
  • Op-Ed

How SHEIN and Temu Conquered Fast Fashion—and Forged a New Business Model

under globally recognized brand names, including the private labels of mass merchants such as Walmart, Costco, and Target. Most of those profits accrued to the brands, rather than the Chinese suppliers. E-commerce and the gradual... View Details
Keywords: by John Deighton; Fashion; Retail; Consumer Products
  • November 2023 (Revised April 2025)
  • Case

Norse Atlantic Airways

By: Willy Shih
Bjørn Tore Larsen, Norse Atlantic Airways' founder and CEO, hadn't planned to get into the airline business. But when the COVID-19 pandemic depressed the global demand for air travel and the lease rates for jetliners, he realized if ever he was going to get into the... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; Market Entry and Exit; Leasing; Business Strategy; Segmentation; Interest Rates; Air Transportation Industry; Europe; North America; Norway; United Kingdom; United States
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Shih, Willy. "Norse Atlantic Airways." Harvard Business School Case 624-034, November 2023. (Revised April 2025.)
  • 23 Apr 2018
  • News

Governor Baker Swears In New Commission on Digital Innovation and Lifelong Learning

  • September – October 2009
  • Article

Critical Decisions in Software Development: Updating the State of the Practice

By: Alan MacCormack, Michael A. Cusumano, Chris Kemerer and Bill Crandall
This article focuses on how to choose the "right" software development process, how to structure global software design chains, how to manage the interaction of project structure and software design, and how to balance innovation and efficiency in a software business. View Details
Keywords: Applications and Software; Product Development; Projects; Innovation and Management; Performance Efficiency; Information Technology Industry
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MacCormack, Alan, Michael A. Cusumano, Chris Kemerer, and Bill Crandall. "Critical Decisions in Software Development: Updating the State of the Practice." IEEE Software 26, no. 5 (September–October 2009).
  • Web

Positions - Faculty & Research

again at a later date. Strategy The deadline for applications for July 2025 openings has passed. Interested applicants for positions starting July 2026 should check back again at a later date. Technology and Operations Management The... View Details
  • August 2003 (Revised January 2013)
  • Case

Multinational Corporations in Apartheid-era South Africa: The Issue of Reparations

By: Geoffrey Jones and Cate Reavis
Considers the lawsuits filed on behalf of victims of apartheid against multinationals who operated in South Africa prior to 1994. Reviews the debates about divestment from and sanctions against South Africa from the 1950s. Includes case studies of companies that... View Details
Keywords: Ethics; Multinational Firms and Management; Government Legislation; Lawsuits and Litigation; Business and Government Relations; Prejudice and Bias; South Africa
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Jones, Geoffrey, and Cate Reavis. "Multinational Corporations in Apartheid-era South Africa: The Issue of Reparations." Harvard Business School Case 804-027, August 2003. (Revised January 2013.)
  • May 2023
  • Article

Decarbonizing Health Care: Engaging Leaders in Change

By: Vivian S. Lee, Kathy Gerwig, Emily Hough, Kedar Mate, Robert Biggio and Robert S. Kaplan
Health care leaders are often surprised to learn that their operations contribute significantly to a warming climate. In addition to their roles as responders to and victims of extreme weather events, health care organizations have an obligation to reduce... View Details
Keywords: Health Care; Decarbonization; Carbon Emissions; Net-zero Emissions; Climate Change; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
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Lee, Vivian S., Kathy Gerwig, Emily Hough, Kedar Mate, Robert Biggio, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Decarbonizing Health Care: Engaging Leaders in Change." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 4, no. 5 (May 2023).
  • January 2012 (Revised January 2014)
  • Case

Mexico City Water Shortage

By: John D. Macomber, Regina Garcia-Cuellar, Griffin H. James and Frederik Nellemann
In this case, a property company, a water privatizer, and municipal engineers explore the causes of and solutions to a severe water shortage in Mexico City, a great global capital. The protagonist is a real estate investor doing due diligence on the magnitude of the... View Details
Keywords: Infrastructure; Environmental Sustainability; Urban Development; Mexico City
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Macomber, John D., Regina Garcia-Cuellar, Griffin H. James, and Frederik Nellemann. "Mexico City Water Shortage." Harvard Business School Case 212-044, January 2012. (Revised January 2014.)
  • February 2008 (Revised August 2008)
  • Case

Quanta Computer and the One Laptop Per Child Initiative

By: Willy Shih, Chintay Shih and Jyun-Chen Wang
When Quanta Computer, Inc., the world's largest manufacturer of laptop computers, first joined the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) initiative, it faced a challenge trying to balance the cost objectives of a laptop computer targeted at children of the developing world with... View Details
Keywords: For-Profit Firms; Disruptive Innovation; Demand and Consumers; Supply Chain; Partners and Partnerships; Nonprofit Organizations; Hardware
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Shih, Willy, Chintay Shih, and Jyun-Chen Wang. "Quanta Computer and the One Laptop Per Child Initiative." Harvard Business School Case 608-102, February 2008. (Revised August 2008.)
  • 06 Dec 2011
  • First Look

First Look: Dec. 6

countries where they operate. We find that our index of transparency across host countries is lower the more corrupt the host country, the higher the number of nationalizations in that host country in the past, and the fewer the number of oil and gas companies View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • March 2016 (Revised June 2016)
  • Case

Gotong Royong: Toward Sustainable Palm Oil

By: Rebecca Henderson, Hann-Shuin Yew and Monica Baraldi
In late 2015, Jeff Seabright, chief sustainability officer at Unilever, had to report to Unilever CEO Paul Polman on the effort to transform palm oil cultivation. Historically, palm oil was produced using unsustainable methods that included burning large tracts of... View Details
Keywords: Sustainability; Environment; Industry Self-regulation; Corporate Image; Corporate Strategy; Indonesia; Malaysia
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Henderson, Rebecca, Hann-Shuin Yew, and Monica Baraldi. "Gotong Royong: Toward Sustainable Palm Oil." Harvard Business School Case 316-124, March 2016. (Revised June 2016.)
  • 2023
  • Article

A Review of Commercialisation Mechanisms for Carbon Dioxide Removal

By: Conor Hickey, Sam Fankhauser, Stephen Smith and Myles Allen
The deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) needs to be scaled up to achieve net zero emission pledges. In this paper we survey the policy mechanisms currently in place globally to incentivise CDR, together with an estimate of what different mechanisms are paying... View Details
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide Removal; Climate Change; Markets; Cost; Policy; Environmental Regulation
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Hickey, Conor, Sam Fankhauser, Stephen Smith, and Myles Allen. "A Review of Commercialisation Mechanisms for Carbon Dioxide Removal." Frontiers in Climate 4, no. 258 (2023).
  • March 2012
  • Article

Enriching the Ecosystem

By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter
To remain a leader in innovation, the United States needs the support of foundational institutions that help seed, grow, and renew enterprises. Historically, these institutions-such as universities, venture creators, labor markets, and job-training programs-have tended... View Details
Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Research and Development; Social and Collaborative Networks; Growth and Development Strategy; United States
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Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. "Enriching the Ecosystem." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 3 (March 2012).

    Richard L. Nolan

    Professor Nolan earned his B.A. from the University of Washington in Production and Operations Research in 1962, and his M.B.A and Ph.D. in 1963 and 1966, respectively. Upon graduation in 1966, he joined Boeing Commercial Airplane Company as an Information... View Details

    Keywords: aerospace; information technology industry; internet
    • January 2009 (Revised June 2009)
    • Case

    Distribution at American Airlines (A)

    By: Benjamin Edelman
    American Airlines sought to reduce the fees it pays to global distribution services (GDSs)—such as SABRE—to reach travel agents. But GDSs held significant tactical advantages. For example, GDSs had signed long-term exclusive contracts with the corporate customers who... View Details
    Keywords: Price; Globalized Firms and Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Distribution; Service Operations; Competition; Air Transportation Industry; Travel Industry
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    Edelman, Benjamin. "Distribution at American Airlines (A)." Harvard Business School Case 909-035, January 2009. (Revised June 2009.) (request a courtesy copy.)
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