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      • Faculty Publications  (132)

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      • June 2014 (Revised October 2015)
      • Case

      Molycorp: Financing the Production of Rare Earth Minerals (A)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
      Molycorp, the western hemisphere's only producer of rare earth minerals, was in the middle of a $1 billion capital expenditure project in its effort to become a vertically integrated supplier of rare earth minerals, oxides, and metals. Yet it had just reported lower... View Details
      Keywords: Convertible Debt; Uncertainty; Competition; Startup; China; Supply & Demand; Growth; Rare Earth Minerals; Discounted Cash Flows; Mining; Payoff Diagrams; Option Pricing; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Financial Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Vertical Integration; Valuation; Metals and Minerals; Mining Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Canada; California
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Molycorp: Financing the Production of Rare Earth Minerals (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-054, June 2014. (Revised October 2015.)
      • October 2013
      • Case

      Pearle Vision: Clearly Different?

      By: Rajiv Lal and Natalie Kindred
      Ohio-based optical retailer Pearle Vision, part of the vertically integrated Italian eyewear group Luxottica, sold glasses and offered in-store eye exams. Once the largest U.S. optical retailer, Pearle Vision, with 266 corporate stores and 356 franchised stores in... View Details
      Keywords: Eye Care; Competitive Advantage; Market Participation; Retail Industry; Health Industry; United States
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      Lal, Rajiv, and Natalie Kindred. "Pearle Vision: Clearly Different?" Harvard Business School Case 514-015, October 2013.
      • September 2013
      • Case

      Boeing 787: More Electric Architecture

      By: Willy Shih
      The "more electric architecture" of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner represented a significant shift in the design of secondary power systems for commercial aircraft, compared to traditional designs that employed a mix of hydraulic, pneumatic, and electrical power. While the... View Details
      Keywords: Boeing; 787; Airbus; A350XWB; Architectural Innovation; Technological Substitution; Technological Innovation; Vertical Integration; Air Transportation; Aerospace Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy. "Boeing 787: More Electric Architecture." Harvard Business School Case 614-015, September 2013.
      • August 2013 (Revised November 2013)
      • Case

      Ford vs. GM: The Evolution of Mass Production (A)

      By: Willy Shih

      This case explores the very different paths taken by the Ford Motor Company and the General Motors Corporation in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Henry Ford's Model T was a car for the masses. After considerable experimentation, Ford Motor... View Details

      Keywords: Innovation; Exploration; Dominant Design; Business Growth and Maturation; Business History; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Product Design; Product Development; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Vertical Integration; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Michigan
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      Shih, Willy. "Ford vs. GM: The Evolution of Mass Production (A)." Harvard Business School Case 614-010, August 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
      • August 2013 (Revised November 2013)
      • Supplement

      Ford vs. GM: The Evolution of Mass Production (B)

      By: Willy Shih

      This case explores the very different paths taken by the Ford Motor Company and the General Motors Corporation in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Henry Ford's Model T was a car for the masses. After considerable experimentation, Ford Motor... View Details

      Keywords: Innovation; Exploration; Dominant Design; Business Growth and Maturation; Business History; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Product Design; Product Development; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Vertical Integration; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Michigan
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      Shih, Willy. "Ford vs. GM: The Evolution of Mass Production (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 614-011, August 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
      • July 2013 (Revised March 2015)
      • Case

      Carl Zeiss and Free-Form Production: Can We See Clearly Yet?

      By: Willy Shih
      The prescription eyeglass lens industry was complicated and highly fragmented, and even though many of the tools and techniques employed have been relatively unchanged over the last century, there was still a surprising pace of innovation. An aging population around... View Details
      Keywords: History; Demand and Consumers; Disruptive Innovation; Vertical Integration; Theory; Technology Adoption; Health Industry
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      Shih, Willy. "Carl Zeiss and Free-Form Production: Can We See Clearly Yet?" Harvard Business School Case 614-007, July 2013. (Revised March 2015.)
      • July 2013 (Revised July 2013)
      • Case

      Powerchip Semiconductor Corporation

      By: Willy Shih and Chen-Fu Chien
      Powerchip Semiconductor Corporation has a horizontal firm structure in an industry that is predominantly organized vertically. While it has been successful in up markets, in the current down market its strategic rationale was being tested. As a capital-intensive... View Details
      Keywords: Industry Structures; Organizational Structure; Partners and Partnerships; Competition; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Semiconductor Industry; Taiwan
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      Shih, Willy, and Chen-Fu Chien. "Powerchip Semiconductor Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 609-063, July 2013. (Revised July 2013.)
      • July 2013
      • Case

      Novozymes: Establishing the Cellulosic Ethanol Value Chain

      By: Willy Shih and Sen Chai

      As the world's largest producer of industrial enzymes, Novozymes had invested heavily for many years to bio-engineer enzymes that could break down cellulose into fermentable sugar. In 2010, the company had launched what it thought would become a breakthrough product... View Details

      Keywords: System Complexity; Industrial Enzymes; Ethanol; Collulosic Ethanol; Fermentation; Genomics; Genetic Engineering; Value Chain; Assembling Value Chain; Energy Sources; Renewable Energy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Industry Growth; Production; Research; Research and Development; Science; Genetics; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Vertical Integration; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Energy Industry; Denmark; United States
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      Shih, Willy, and Sen Chai. "Novozymes: Establishing the Cellulosic Ethanol Value Chain." Harvard Business School Case 614-001, July 2013.
      • September 21, 2013
      • Other Article

      Redefining Global Health-care Delivery

      By: Jim Yong Kim, Paul E. Farmer and Michael E. Porter
      Initiatives to address the unmet needs of those facing both poverty and serious illness have expanded significantly over the past decade. But many of them are designed in an ad-hoc manner to address one health problem among many; they are too rarely assessed; best... View Details
      Keywords: Health
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      Kim, Jim Yong, Paul E. Farmer, and Michael E. Porter. "Redefining Global Health-care Delivery." Lancet 382, no. 9897 (September 21, 2013).
      • January 2013
      • Supplement

      Wanxiang Group: A Chinese Company's Global Strategy (B)

      By: William C. Kirby, Nancy Hua Dai and Erica M. Zendell
      Supplements the A Case 308-058. With an almost forty-year history as a business in China, the Wanxiang Group has navigated through the significantly different political and economic changes in China to succeed as a global leader in the auto parts industry, and to... View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Global Strategy; Business Conglomerates; Vertical Integration; Goals and Objectives; Mergers and Acquisitions; Auto Industry; China; United States
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      Kirby, William C., Nancy Hua Dai, and Erica M. Zendell. "Wanxiang Group: A Chinese Company's Global Strategy (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 313-096, January 2013.
      • January 2013 (Revised April 2013)
      • Case

      OSI in China

      By: David E. Bell and Mary Shelman
      OSI, one of the world's largest suppliers of processed meats to McDonald's and other QSRs, was in the middle of a $400M expansion in China that included backward integration into poultry production. However, its current customers took only a portion of each bird... View Details
      Keywords: China; Corporate Strategy; Vertical Integration; Competitive Positioning; Organizational Design; Channels Of Distribution; Agribusiness; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; China
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      Bell, David E., and Mary Shelman. "OSI in China." Harvard Business School Case 513-045, January 2013. (Revised April 2013.)
      • 2012
      • Article

      The Architecture of Transaction Networks: A Comparative Analysis of Hierarchy in Two Sectors

      By: Jianxi Luo, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Daniel E. Whitney and Christopher L. Magee
      Many products are manufactured in networks of firms linked by transactions, but comparatively little is known about how or why such transaction networks differ. This article investigates the transaction networks of two large sectors in Japan at a single point in time.... View Details
      Keywords: Transactions; Hierarchy; Industry Architecture; Innovation; Networks; Market Transactions; Vertical Integration; Industry Structures; Innovation and Invention; Auto Industry; Electronics Industry; Japan
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      Luo, Jianxi, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Daniel E. Whitney, and Christopher L. Magee. "The Architecture of Transaction Networks: A Comparative Analysis of Hierarchy in Two Sectors." Industrial and Corporate Change 21, no. 6 (December 2012): 1307–1335.
      • November 2012 (Revised May 2013)
      • Case

      ASUSTeK and the Google Nexus 7 Tablet

      By: Willy C. Shih and Jyun-Cheng Wang
      Days after Jerry Shen introduced a new tablet computer at the Consumer Electronics Show, a Google meeting convinced him to go with a lower price point and co-branding as the Nexus 7. While his company would have a premier position at launch, companies like Samsung... View Details
      Keywords: Nexus; Google; ASUSTeK; Android; Tablet; Kindle; Kindle Fire; Notebook Computers; ODM; Apple; Price Point; App Store; Ecosystem; Open Handset Alliance; Reference Design; iPad; EMS; Electronic Manufacturing Services; Smartphone; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Industry Structures; Product Design; Product Development; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Internet and the Web; Computer Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; Taiwan; United States
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      Shih, Willy C., and Jyun-Cheng Wang. "ASUSTeK and the Google Nexus 7 Tablet." Harvard Business School Case 613-056, November 2012. (Revised May 2013.)
      • November 2012 (Revised August 2013)
      • Supplement

      Global Unichip Corporation (B)

      By: Willy Shih and Chen-Fu Chien
      Jim Lai, President of Global Unichip Corporation (GUC), mapped out the changes he saw coming to the global semiconductor industry. The big question was how many system developers would start coming directly to GUC. View Details
      Keywords: Abstraction; Value-network; Vertical Integration; Entry Barriers; Intermediaries; Dis-intermediation; Aggregator; Vertical Specialization; Technology Adoption; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Integration; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Industry Structures; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Complexity; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Taiwan
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      Shih, Willy, and Chen-Fu Chien. "Global Unichip Corporation (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 613-049, November 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
      • October 2012 (Revised August 2013)
      • Case

      Global Unichip Corporation (A)

      By: Willy Shih and Chen-Fu Chien
      Global Unichip Corporation (GUC) is a design services company that acts as a front-end to TSMC, the world's largest semiconductor foundry. In so doing, it masked the complexity of the latest process technologies, and reduced the entry barriers for small firms to... View Details
      Keywords: Abstraction; Value-network; Entry Barriers; Intermediaries; Dis-intermediation; Aggregator; Vertical Specialization; Technology Adoption; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Industry Structures; Information Infrastructure; Complexity; Information Technology; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Taiwan
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      Shih, Willy, and Chen-Fu Chien. "Global Unichip Corporation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 613-048, October 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
      • September 2012 (Revised August 2015)
      • Case

      Shanghai Pharmaceuticals

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Natalie Kindred
      Shanghai Pharmaceuticals (SPH), a vertically integrated Chinese pharmaceutical conglomerate, was considering its strategic options in the context of a rapidly evolving industry, policy, and economic environment. The company—essentially a collection of subsidiaries... View Details
      Keywords: Business Subsidiaries; Business Conglomerates; Vertical Integration; Decision Choices and Conditions; Mergers and Acquisitions; Consolidation; Health Care and Treatment; Global Strategy; State Ownership; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry; Shanghai; United States; Europe
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Natalie Kindred. "Shanghai Pharmaceuticals." Harvard Business School Case 313-016, September 2012. (Revised August 2015.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Risky Business: The Impact of Property Rights on Investment and Revenue in the Film Industry

      By: Venkat Kuppuswamy and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Our paper tests a key prediction of property rights theory, specifically, that agents will respond to marginal incentives embedded in property rights when making non-contractible, revenue-enhancing investments (Grossman and Hart, 1986; Hart and Moore, 1990). Using rich... View Details
      Keywords: Property Rights; Property; Rights; Investment; Contracts; Revenue; Motivation and Incentives; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; United States
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      Kuppuswamy, Venkat, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "Risky Business: The Impact of Property Rights on Investment and Revenue in the Film Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-007, July 2012. (Revised August 2012.)
      • 2012
      • Article

      Open Innovation and Organization Design

      By: Michael Tushman, Karim Lakhani and Hila Lifshitz - Assaf
      This paper calls the organization design community to reconcile the divergent scholarly perspectives on the relationship between firm boundaries and the locus of innovation by moving beyond debates between open vs. closed boundaries and instead embracing the notion of... View Details
      Keywords: Organization Design; Open Innovation; Innovation; Locus Of Innovation; Organizational Boundaries; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Innovation and Invention; Alliances; Vertical Integration; Boundaries
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      Tushman, Michael, Karim Lakhani, and Hila Lifshitz - Assaf. "Open Innovation and Organization Design." Special Issue on The Future of Organization Design. Journal of Organization Design 1, no. 1 (2012): 24–27. (SSRN's top ten download list for: Organizational Structural Designs, Innovation & Product Development.)
      • August 2011 (Revised July 2014)
      • Case

      Amil and the Health Care System in Brazil

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Ricardo Reisen de Pinho
      Dr. Edson Bueno created Amil, Brazil's largest health insurer. Unlike many others, it is vertically integrated. Dr. Bueno has two opportunities for growth. Which, if any, should he pursue? View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Innovation and Invention; Opportunities; Insurance; Vertical Integration; Insurance Industry; Brazil
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Ricardo Reisen de Pinho. "Amil and the Health Care System in Brazil." Harvard Business School Case 312-029, August 2011. (Revised July 2014.)
      • June 2011 (Revised August 2012)
      • Case

      Coca-Cola in 2011: In Search of a New Model

      By: David B. Yoffie and Renee Kim
      Muhtar Kent, CEO of the Coca-Cola Company, faced a critical decision in 2011 after closing a $12 billion deal to buy its troubled North America bottling operations from its biggest bottler, Coca-Cola Enterprises. The decision was prompted by several changes in the U.S.... View Details
      Keywords: Beverage Industry; Strategic Positioning; Mergers And Acquisitions; Competition; Business Model; Vertical Integration; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Franchise Ownership; Investment; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Yoffie, David B., and Renee Kim. "Coca-Cola in 2011: In Search of a New Model." Harvard Business School Case 711-504, June 2011. (Revised August 2012.)
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