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- All HBS Web
(3,448)
- People (14)
- News (775)
- Research (2,108)
- Events (17)
- Multimedia (17)
- Faculty Publications (1,401)
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- December 2020 (Revised September 2023)
- Case
PG&E and the First Climate Change Bankruptcy
By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah L. Abbott
In early 2020, the California-based utility PG&E filed a second amended plan of reorganization. PG&E had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the face of more than $30 billion of legal claims brought against it for its alleged role in causing California wildfires. The... View Details
Keywords: Chapter 11; Utilities; Liabilities; Restructuring; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Debt Securities; Legal Liability; Climate Change; Utilities Industry; United States
Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah L. Abbott. "PG&E and the First Climate Change Bankruptcy." Harvard Business School Case 221-057, December 2020. (Revised September 2023.)
- April 2011
- Module Note
Financing International Trade
By: C. Fritz Foley
This module note summarizes the key insights covered in the Financing International Trade module of the International Financial Management course. It also provides a framework that guides decisions about which financing terms should be used in which situations. View Details
Keywords: Trade; International Finance; Decisions; Situation or Environment; Framework; Globalization
Foley, C. Fritz. "Financing International Trade." Harvard Business School Module Note 211-089, April 2011.
- 2025
- Working Paper
The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade
By: Elisabeth Kempf, Mancy Luo and Margarita Tsoutsoura
We examine how the political ideology of corporate leaders shapes cross-border firm
networks. Exploiting changes in ideological alignment between U.S. firm CEOs and
foreign governments around close foreign elections, we show that U.S. firms are more
likely to... View Details
Keywords: Global Trade; Firm Networks; Political Ideology; Elections; Political Economy; Political Elections; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Trade
Kempf, Elisabeth, Mancy Luo, and Margarita Tsoutsoura. "The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-050, April 2025.
- March 2016
- Article
Trade Credit and Taxes
By: Mihir Desai, C. Fritz Foley and James R. Hines Jr.
This paper analyzes the extent to which firms use trade credit to reallocate capital in response to tax incentives. Tax-induced differences in pretax returns encourage the use of trade credit to reallocate capital from firms facing low tax rates to those facing high... View Details
Desai, Mihir, C. Fritz Foley, and James R. Hines Jr. "Trade Credit and Taxes." Review of Economics and Statistics 98, no. 1 (March 2016): 132–139.
- Other Unpublished Work
Going Bust in Bangkok: Lessons from Bankruptcy Law Reform in Thailand
By: C. Fritz Foley
- February 1987 (Revised August 1989)
- Background Note
United States Trade Law
By: David B. Yoffie
Examines the manner in which U.S. trade law and policy has evolved, with emphasis on trade in manufactured goods and services as well as the relationship between the executive and the legislature. The structure and content of U.S. trade law is discussed including a... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Machinery and Machining; Policy; Law Enforcement; Outcome or Result; Business and Government Relations; United States
Yoffie, David B. "United States Trade Law." Harvard Business School Background Note 387-137, February 1987. (Revised August 1989.)
- March 2005 (Revised November 2005)
- Case
To Trade or Not to Trade: NAFTA and the Prospects for Free Trade in the Americas
By: Lakshmi Iyer
Discusses the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the United States, Canada, and Mexico, a decade after it came into force in 1994. Keeping in mind NAFTA's effect on jobs, exports, productivity, and economic growth, policy makers had to decide... View Details
Keywords: History; Agreements and Arrangements; Performance Productivity; Jobs and Positions; Economic Growth; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; North and Central America
Iyer, Lakshmi. "To Trade or Not to Trade: NAFTA and the Prospects for Free Trade in the Americas." Harvard Business School Case 705-034, March 2005. (Revised November 2005.)
- spring 2006
- Article
All's Fair in Love, War, & Bankruptcy: Corporate Governance Implications of CEO Turnover in Financial Distress
Prior discussions of management turnover during financial distress have examined bankrupt and non-bankrupt firms as distinct groupings with little overlap. Separately investigating rates of turnover in-bankruptcy and out-of-bankruptcy, without a direct comparison... View Details
Keywords: CEO Turnover; Bankruptcy; Restructuring; Shadow Of Bankruptcy; Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Financing and Loans; Corporate Governance; Finance; Theory; Markets; United States
Bernstein, Ethan S. "All's Fair in Love, War, & Bankruptcy: Corporate Governance Implications of CEO Turnover in Financial Distress." Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance 11, no. 2 (spring 2006): 299–325.
- September 1993 (Revised October 1994)
- Case
Environment and International Trade
During the 1990s, environmental activists became interested in trade issues for the first time. Whereas GATT, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, had previously been the province of trade specialists, a new poster popular among environmentalists depicted the... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Environmental Sustainability; Science-Based Business; Policy; Government and Politics; Agreements and Arrangements; Alliances; Globalization; International Relations; Conflict of Interests
Reinhardt, Forest L. "Environment and International Trade." Harvard Business School Case 794-018, September 1993. (Revised October 1994.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Trade Within Multinational Boundaries
By: Laura Alfaro, Paola Conconi, Fariha Kamal and Zachary Kroff
We leverage newly linked data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis to study transactions within U.S. multinational enterprises (MNEs). We show that using administrative data on intrafirm trade allows us to correct for measurement error... View Details
Keywords: Multinational Enterprise; Input-output Linkages; Multinational Firms and Management; Trade; Supply Chain
Alfaro, Laura, Paola Conconi, Fariha Kamal, and Zachary Kroff. "Trade Within Multinational Boundaries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-058, May 2025.
- February 2022 (Revised May 2022)
- Case
Jaypee Infratech and the Indian Bankruptcy Code
By: Kristin Mugford, William Vrattos and Radhika Kak
In 2016, India passed a new bankruptcy law (IBC) to counter a brewing bank crisis and increased corporate distress. Homebuilder Jaypee Infratech, one of India largest distressed companies (the “dirty dozen”) began restructuring under the IBC in 2017. Two years later,... View Details
Keywords: Restructuring; Decisions; Judgments; Voting; Developing Countries and Economies; Financial Crisis; Public Sector; Asset Pricing; Borrowing and Debt; Corporate Finance; Credit; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Debt Securities; Bonds; Investment Return; Price; Government Legislation; Laws and Statutes; Bids and Bidding; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Valuation; Real Estate Industry; India; Delhi
Mugford, Kristin, William Vrattos, and Radhika Kak. "Jaypee Infratech and the Indian Bankruptcy Code." Harvard Business School Case 222-071, February 2022. (Revised May 2022.)
- April 1983 (Revised June 1993)
- Case
Trade In Services and American Express
Keywords: Financial Services Industry
Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr., and David B. Yoffie. "Trade In Services and American Express." Harvard Business School Case 383-114, April 1983. (Revised June 1993.)
- 2024
- Working Paper
The Real Effects of Bankruptcy Forum Shopping
By: Samuel Antill and Aymeric Bellon
Many non-Delaware firms strategically file for bankruptcy in Delaware. Should this "forum shopping" be allowed? This question has motivated six congressional bill proposals over decades of policy debate. Using a novel natural experiment and Census-Bureau microdata, we... View Details
Antill, Samuel, and Aymeric Bellon. "The Real Effects of Bankruptcy Forum Shopping." Working Paper, December 2024.
- 23 Feb 2018
- Working Paper Summaries
Trade Creditors' Information Advantage
- 2020
- Working Paper
Tariff Passthrough at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from U.S. Trade Policy
By: Alberto Cavallo, Gita Gopinath, Brent Neiman and Jenny Tang
We use micro data collected at the border and the store to characterize the price impact of recent US trade policy on importers, exporters, and consumers. At the border, import tariff passthrough is much higher than exchange rate passthrough. Chinese exporters did not... View Details
Keywords: Trade Policy; Tariffs; Exchange Rate Passthrough; Economics; Trade; Policy; Inflation and Deflation; United States; China
Cavallo, Alberto, Gita Gopinath, Brent Neiman, and Jenny Tang. "Tariff Passthrough at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from U.S. Trade Policy." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26396, October 2019. (Revised June 2020. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-041, October 2019)
- 29 Jun 2012
- Working Paper Summaries
Trade Credit and Taxes
- February 2022 (Revised March 2022)
- Case
Hertz in Bankruptcy: A Wild Ride in Pandemic Times
Hertz filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in response to asset-backed securities (ABS) obligations and the COVID-19 pandemic. Enthusiastic Robinhood investors and shrewd negotiating tactics helped Hertz stabilize. Roughly nine months into the bankruptcy, Hertz received... View Details
Keywords: Bankruptcy Reorganization; COVID-19 Pandemic; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Health Pandemics; Valuation; Capital Structure; Negotiation; Private Equity; Travel Industry; United States
Antill, Samuel, Stuart Gilson, and Kristin Mugford. "Hertz in Bankruptcy: A Wild Ride in Pandemic Times." Harvard Business School Case 222-064, February 2022. (Revised March 2022.)
- December 2023 (Revised April 2025)
- Case
Yellow Corporation: On the Verge of Bankruptcy
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Edward A. Meyer
Yellow Corporation, one of the country’s oldest and largest less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers, was nearing its 100th anniversary in 2024. Whether it would reach that milestone, however, was uncertain as the company was attempting to restructure its operations to... View Details
Keywords: Labor Unions; Labor and Management Relations; Capital Structure; Restructuring; Financial Management; Ethics; Borrowing and Debt; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Financial Strategy; Truck Transportation; Change Management; Transportation Industry; Shipping Industry; United States
Esty, Benjamin C., and Edward A. Meyer. "Yellow Corporation: On the Verge of Bankruptcy." Harvard Business School Case 224-028, December 2023. (Revised April 2025.)
- December 1982 (Revised August 1986)
- Case
Farmland Industries, Inc.: Opportunities in Barter Trade
By: Ray A. Goldberg
Goldberg, Ray A. "Farmland Industries, Inc.: Opportunities in Barter Trade." Harvard Business School Case 583-117, December 1982. (Revised August 1986.)
- Research Summary
Self-Regulation by Japanese Trade Associations
Ulrike Schaede has recently finished a book manuscript on Japanese trade associations. As a results of recent deregulation and the recession of the 1990s, Japanese industries are assuming increasingly important regulatory functions. They do this through autonomous... View Details