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      • Faculty Publications  (307)

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      • May–June 2021
      • Article

      Why Start-ups Fail

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      If you’re launching a business, the odds are against you: Two-thirds of start-ups never show a positive return. Unnerved by that statistic, a professor of entrepreneurship at Harvard Business School set out to discover why. Based on interviews and surveys with hundreds... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Problems and Challenges; Failure
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Why Start-ups Fail." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 3 (May–June 2021): 76–85.
      • April 16, 2021
      • Article

      A Playbook for Negotiators in the Social Media Era

      By: James K. Sebenius, Ben Cook, David Lax, Ron S. Fortgang, Isaac Silberberg and Paul Levy
      The disruptive effects of social media have been felt in virtually every corner of the world. Yet the information revolution has been largely ignored in the field of negotiation. Through a series of case studies we explore how savvy practitioners can ethically harness... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Analysis; Bargaining; Negotiation; Analysis; Negotiation Tactics; Social Media; North America
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      Sebenius, James K., Ben Cook, David Lax, Ron S. Fortgang, Isaac Silberberg, and Paul Levy. "A Playbook for Negotiators in the Social Media Era." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 16, 2021).
      • April 2021
      • Case

      Glass-Shattering Leaders: Jack Rivkin

      By: Boris Groysberg and Colleen Ammerman
      Jack Rivkin’s innovative approach to hiring, developing, and retaining employees created opportunities for female analysts to thrive at the equity research department he led, and also made the entire department more effective. Rivkin fostered a culture of gender... View Details
      Keywords: Gender Inclusivity; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Gender; Talent and Talent Management
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Colleen Ammerman. "Glass-Shattering Leaders: Jack Rivkin." Harvard Business School Case 421-074, April 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Case

      P.F. Chang's

      By: Ashish Nanda, Nitin Nohria and Margaret Cross
      Excited yet apprehensive after being named CEO of P.F. Chang’s beginning July 1st, 2020, Damola Adamolekun was well aware of the extraordinary challenges facing the firm. The closure of businesses deemed “nonessential” owing to the COVID-19 pandemic had devastated the... View Details
      Keywords: Restaurants; COVID-19 Pandemic; Scenario Planning; Scenarios; Health Pandemics; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy
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      Nanda, Ashish, Nitin Nohria, and Margaret Cross. "P.F. Chang's." Harvard Business School Case 721-380, March 2021.
      • Article

      What Professional Service Firms Must Do to Thrive

      By: Ashish Nanda and Das Narayandas
      When the going gets tough, professional service firms (PSFs) often get desperate and chase all kinds of business just to keep the lights on. Consultancies, financial services firms, VC/PE firms, and the like offer services and sign up clients they should never have... View Details
      Keywords: Professional Service Firms; Client Mix; Strategic Positioning; Organizations; Performance Effectiveness; Decision Making; Framework
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      Nanda, Ashish, and Das Narayandas. "What Professional Service Firms Must Do to Thrive." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 2 (March–April 2021): 98–107.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Assessing the Strength of Network Effects in Social Network Platforms

      By: Marco Iansiti
      Network effects have risen to the forefront of platform competition discussions (e.g. the House Judiciary investigation of competition in digital markets, claiming that Facebook, for example, is entrenched due to strong network effects and high switching costs). While... View Details
      Keywords: Social Networks; Platform Competition; Network Effects; Competition; Social Media; Digital Platforms
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      Iansiti, Marco. "Assessing the Strength of Network Effects in Social Network Platforms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-086, February 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Does Observability Amplify Sensitivity to Moral Frames? Evaluating a Reputation-Based Account of Moral Preferences

      By: Valerio Capraro, Jillian J. Jordan and Ben Tappin
      A growing body of work suggests that people are sensitive to moral framing in economic games involving prosociality, suggesting that people hold moral preferences for doing the “right thing”. What gives rise to these preferences? Here, we evaluate the explanatory power... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Preferences; Moral Frames; Observability; Trustworthiness; Trust Game; Trade-off Game; Moral Sensibility; Reputation; Behavior; Trust
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      Capraro, Valerio, Jillian J. Jordan, and Ben Tappin. "Does Observability Amplify Sensitivity to Moral Frames? Evaluating a Reputation-Based Account of Moral Preferences." Working Paper, January 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Article

      ETF Activity and Informational Efficiency of Underlying Securities

      By: Lawrence Glosten, Suresh Nallareddy and Yuan Zou
      This paper investigates the effect of exchange-traded funds’ (ETFs’) activity on the short-run informational efficiency of their underlying securities. We find that ETF activity increases short-run informational efficiency for stocks with weak information environments.... View Details
      Keywords: ETF; Informational Efficiency; Co-movement; Systematic Earnings; Share Lending
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      Glosten, Lawrence, Suresh Nallareddy, and Yuan Zou. "ETF Activity and Informational Efficiency of Underlying Securities." Management Science 67, no. 1 (January 2021): 22–47.
      • December 24, 2020
      • Article

      How Businesses Can Find 'Hidden Workers'

      By: Joseph B. Fuller, Manjari Raman, Eva Sage-Gavin and Ladan Davarzani
      Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, low- and middle-skill workers struggled to find and retain steady work. Now, many of these workers are considered “essential,” while many others are unemployed and struggling to find work. As the pandemic eases throughout 2021,... View Details
      Keywords: Health Pandemics; Employees; Selection and Staffing
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      Fuller, Joseph B., Manjari Raman, Eva Sage-Gavin, and Ladan Davarzani. "How Businesses Can Find 'Hidden Workers'." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (December 24, 2020).
      • December 2020 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      Arcos Dorados: A QSR Recovery Plan

      By: Forest Reinhardt, José B. Alvarez, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
      Arcos Dorados—McDonald’s largest independent franchisee, covering Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)—faced a pandemic that was disrupting the entire consumer foodservice business in 2020. With the exclusive right to own, operate, and sub-franchise McDonald’s... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Customer Value and Value Chain; Income; Macroeconomics; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Food; Health Pandemics; Crisis Management; Logistics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategic Planning; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Latin America; Aruba; Guadeloupe; Martinique; Mexico; Panama; Costa Rica; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador; French Guiana; Peru; Uruguay; Venezuela; Puerto Rico; Trinidad and Tobago
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      Reinhardt, Forest, José B. Alvarez, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Arcos Dorados: A QSR Recovery Plan." Harvard Business School Case 721-023, December 2020. (Revised April 2021.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Personalized Game Design for Improved User Retention and Monetization in Freemium Games

      By: Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer and Julian Runge
      One of the most crucial aspects and significant levers that gaming companies possess in designing digital games is setting the level of difficulty, which essentially regulates the user’s ability to progress within the game. This aspect is particularly significant in... View Details
      Keywords: Freemium; Retention/churn; Field Experiment; Field Experiments; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Mobile App; Mobile App Industry; Monetization; Monetization Strategy; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Customers; Retention; Product Design; Strategy
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      Ascarza, Eva, Oded Netzer, and Julian Runge. "Personalized Game Design for Improved User Retention and Monetization in Freemium Games." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-062, November 2020. (Revised December 2023.)
      • Article

      Energy Conservation Behaviour: Three Thumbs Up For Social Norms

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Social norm interventions are widely used to foster residential resource conservation. Now researchers have shown that the effectivenes of providing information about others' energy use alongside messages of social approval for energy savings behaviour depends on the... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Conservation; Behavior; Change
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M. "Energy Conservation Behaviour: Three Thumbs Up For Social Norms." Nature Energy 5, no. 11 (November 2020): 826–827.
      • Article

      Going It Alone: Competition Increases the Attractiveness of Minority Status

      By: Erika L. Kirgios, Edward H. Chang and Katherine L. Milkman
      Past research demonstrates that people prefer to affiliate with others who resemble them demographically. However, we posit that when competing for scarce opportunities, strategic considerations moderate the strength of this tendency toward homophily. Across six... View Details
      Keywords: Homophily; Group Selection; Diversity; Gender; Race; Competition
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      Kirgios, Erika L., Edward H. Chang, and Katherine L. Milkman. "Going It Alone: Competition Increases the Attractiveness of Minority Status." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 161 (November 2020): 20–33.
      • October 19, 2020
      • Article

      Today's Leaders Need Vulnerability, Not Bravado

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
      Few myths are as pervasive as the notion that leaders ought to appear tough and confident. Or at least, that was the case prior to the current pandemic, which has exposed the many weaknesses of forceful, dominant leaders and highlighted the superiority of those who... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Leadership Style
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      Edmondson, Amy C., and Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic. "Today's Leaders Need Vulnerability, Not Bravado." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 19, 2020).
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Miami's Tech Future (D): Developing New Leadership

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Joyce J. Kim
      Traditional establishment leadership of Miami is increasingly challenged by a rising millennial generation that is more diverse and brings more innovative and entrepreneurial “outside-the-building” approaches, including impatience for change. Leadership succession is... View Details
      Keywords: Leaders; Civic Innovation; Change; Change Leadership; Startup; Scaling And Growth; Jurisdictional Disputes; Communication; Community Impact; Community Relations; Leading Change; Leadership; Diversity; Demographics; Entrepreneurship; Business and Community Relations; Miami; Florida
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Joyce J. Kim. "Miami's Tech Future (D): Developing New Leadership." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 321-047, September 2020.
      • August 2020
      • Article

      Leverage and the Beta Anomaly

      By: Malcolm Baker, Mathias F. Hoeyer and Jeffrey Wurgler
      The well-known weak empirical relationship between beta risk and the cost of equity—the beta anomaly—generates a simple tradeoff theory: As firms lever up, the overall cost of capital falls as leverage increases equity beta, but as debt becomes riskier the marginal... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Anomaly; Leverage; Capital Structure; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Baker, Malcolm, Mathias F. Hoeyer, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Leverage and the Beta Anomaly." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, no. 5 (August 2020): 1491–1514.
      • Article

      Matching in Networks with Bilateral Contracts: Corrigendum

      By: John William Hatfield, Ravi Jagadeesan and Scott Duke Kominers
      Hatfield and Kominers (2012) introduced a model of matching in networks with bilateral contracts and showed that stable outcomes exist in supply chains when firms' preferences over contracts are fully substitutable. Hatfield and Kominers (2012) also asserted that in... View Details
      Keywords: Matching With Contracts; Substitutability; Mathematical Methods
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      Hatfield, John William, Ravi Jagadeesan, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Matching in Networks with Bilateral Contracts: Corrigendum." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 12, no. 3 (August 2020): 277–285.
      • Summer 2020
      • Article

      Venture Capital's Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn

      By: Josh Lerner and Ramana Nanda
      Venture capital is associated with some of the most high-growth and influential firms in the world. Academics and practitioners have effectively articulated the strengths of the venture model. At the same time, venture capital financing also has real limitations in its... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Financing; Venture Capital; Financing and Loans; Technological Innovation
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      Lerner, Josh, and Ramana Nanda. "Venture Capital's Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn." Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 3 (Summer 2020): 237–261.
      • 2020
      • Book

      Unleashed: The Unapologetic Leader's Guide to Empowering Everyone Around You

      By: Frances X. Frei and Anne Morriss
      When leaders and aspiring leaders seek out advice, they're often told to try harder. Dig deeper. Look in the mirror and own your natural-born strengths and fix any real or perceived career-limiting deficiencies.

      We offer a different worldview. We argue... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Skills; Belonging; Leadership; Management Skills; Trust; Organizational Culture
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      Frei, Frances X., and Anne Morriss. Unleashed: The Unapologetic Leader's Guide to Empowering Everyone Around You. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2020.
      • Working Paper

      Measuring the Perceived Liquidity of the Corporate Bond Market

      By: Sergey Chernenko and Adi Sunderam
      We propose a novel measure of bond market liquidity that does not depend on transaction data: the strength of the cross-sectional relationship between mutual fund cash holdings and fund flow volatility. Our measure captures how liquid funds perceive their portfolio... View Details
      Keywords: Bond Market; Bonds; Financial Liquidity; Measurement and Metrics
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and Adi Sunderam. "Measuring the Perceived Liquidity of the Corporate Bond Market." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27092, May 2020.
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