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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (434)
      • Faculty Publications  (123)

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      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Accelerating Energy Innovation: Insights from Multiple Sectors

      By: Rebecca Henderson and Richard G. Newell
      A combination of concerns about climate change and energy security has recently led to significant increases in public funding for energy R&D. Some commentators are suggesting that these increases need to be sustained, and are advocating for increases of as much as... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Management; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Research and Development; Pollutants; Climate Change; Energy Industry
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      Henderson, Rebecca, and Richard G. Newell. "Accelerating Energy Innovation: Insights from Multiple Sectors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-067, February 2010. (Revised February 2011.)
      • November 2009
      • Article

      Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies

      By: Erin Marie Reid and Michael W. Toffel
      The challenges associated with climate change will require governments, citizens, and firms to work collaboratively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a task that requires information on companies' emissions levels, risks, and reduction opportunities. This paper... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Problems and Challenges; Pollutants; Risk and Uncertainty; Business and Shareholder Relations; Management Practices and Processes; Social Issues; Corporate Disclosure; Values and Beliefs; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government and Politics
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      Reid, Erin Marie, and Michael W. Toffel. "Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies." Strategic Management Journal 30, no. 11 (November 2009): 1157–1178. (Featured by the Network for Business Sustainability.)
      • September 2009 (Revised September 2010)
      • Case

      Genzyme Center (A)

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Aldo Sesia
      Genzyme Corporation is in the midst of planning its new corporate headquarters, which incorporates many innovative green building features. After learning that the building as planned would likely earn a LEED Silver rating, an intermediate score in the LEED green... View Details
      Keywords: Green Building; LEED Rating System; Economic And Environmental Performance; Program Evaluation And Assessment; Tradeoffs Between Process- And Performance Standards; Buildings and Facilities; Business Headquarters; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Performance Improvement; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants; Green Technology Industry
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Aldo Sesia. "Genzyme Center (A)." Harvard Business School Case 610-008, September 2009. (Revised September 2010.)
      • July 2009 (Revised January 2014)
      • Case

      Sustainability at Millipore

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Katharine Lee
      This case describes Millipore Corporation's approach to becoming a more environmentally sustainable company. As he prepared for his quarterly meeting with the CEO, the Director of Sustainability needed to develop positions on several issues. Tactically, he needed to... View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Corporate Disclosure; Operations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Structure; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Katharine Lee. "Sustainability at Millipore." Harvard Business School Case 610-012, July 2009. (Revised January 2014.) (defining sustainability in a corporate context, managing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions including inventories, targets, disclosure, reduction strategies.)
      • Article

      How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility?

      By: Aaron K. Chatterji, David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
      Ratings of corporations' environmental activities and capabilities influence billions of dollars of "socially responsible" investments as well as some consumers, activists, and potential employees. In one of the first studies to assess these ratings, we examine how... View Details
      Keywords: Governance Compliance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Performance Effectiveness; Natural Environment; Pollutants
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      Chatterji, Aaron K., David I. Levine, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility?" Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 18, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 125–169.
      • November 2008 (Revised March 2009)
      • Case

      South Pole Carbon Asset Management-Going for Gold?

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Jost Hamschmidt and Mikell Hyman
      In late 2008, Christoph Sutter, CEO of South Pole Carbon Asset Management, reflects on his firm's early success at originating carbon credits in developing nations and selling them to governments and firms that seek to offset their greenhouse gas emissions voluntarily... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Non-Renewable Energy; Entrepreneurship; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Strategy
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., Jost Hamschmidt, and Mikell Hyman. "South Pole Carbon Asset Management-Going for Gold?" Harvard Business School Case 709-030, November 2008. (Revised March 2009.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Modern Management: Good for the Environment or Just Hot Air?

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Ralf Martin and Raffaella Sadun
      We use an innovative methodology to measure management practices in over 300 manufacturing firms in the UK. We then match this management data to production and energy usage information for establishments owned by these firms. We find that establishments in better... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Conservation; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants; Manufacturing Industry; United Kingdom
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Ralf Martin, and Raffaella Sadun. "Modern Management: Good for the Environment or Just Hot Air?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 14394, October 2008.
      • June 2008 (Revised May 2017)
      • Case

      Cook Composites and Polymers Co.

      By: Deishin Lee, Michael W. Toffel and Rachel Gordon
      This case describes how a company improves resource efficiency and process quality in its manufacturing process by developing a waste by-product into a new product. The case describes how CCP cleans production equipment between batches using styrene, which becomes a... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Product Development; Business Processes; Performance Efficiency; Natural Environment; Wastes and Waste Processing; Pollutants; Environmental Sustainability; Chemical Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Lee, Deishin, Michael W. Toffel, and Rachel Gordon. "Cook Composites and Polymers Co." Harvard Business School Case 608-055, June 2008. (Revised May 2017.)
      • June 2008 (Revised October 2008)
      • Case

      International Carbon Finance and EcoSecurities

      By: Andre F. Perold, Forest L. Reinhardt and Mikell Hyman
      In late 2007, EcoSecurities had to decide whether to undertake a new Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project in China. EcoSecurities was an aggregator of carbon credits and also invested directly in projects that produced carbon credits. Governments and firms... View Details
      Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Cost Management; Investment Return; Business and Government Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Investment; Cash Flow; Valuation; Pollutants; Environmental Sustainability; Financial Services Industry; China
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      Perold, Andre F., Forest L. Reinhardt, and Mikell Hyman. "International Carbon Finance and EcoSecurities." Harvard Business School Case 208-151, June 2008. (Revised October 2008.)
      • October 2007 (Revised April 2009)
      • Case

      TH!NK: The Norwegian Electric Car Company

      By: Joseph B. Lassiter III and David Kiron
      On August 1, 2007, 61-year-old Jan-Olaf Willums' plane was flying along the Greenland coastline on his way back to Norway after intense discussions with several prominent U.S. venture capital investors, among them Kleiner Perkins and Rockport Capital Partners, about... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Innovation and Invention; Product Launch; Market Entry and Exit; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants; Auto Industry; Green Technology Industry; Europe; Norway
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      Lassiter, Joseph B., III, and David Kiron. "TH!NK: The Norwegian Electric Car Company." Harvard Business School Case 808-070, October 2007. (Revised April 2009.)
      • 2005
      • Chapter

      Social Pressures in Siting Conflicts: A Case Study of Siting a Radioactive Waste Repository in Pennsylvania

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Howard Kunreuther
      Keywords: Wastes and Waste Processing; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Conflict and Resolution; Local Range
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Howard Kunreuther. "Social Pressures in Siting Conflicts: A Case Study of Siting a Radioactive Waste Repository in Pennsylvania." In Managing Conflict in Facility Siting, edited by S. Hayden Lesbirel and Daigee Shaw. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005.
      • 2005
      • Chapter

      Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States

      By: David Vogel, Michael W. Toffel and Diahanna Post
      The United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are federal systems in which the responsibility for environmental policy-making is divided or shared between the central government and the (member) states. The attribution of decision-making power has important policy... View Details
      Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Government Legislation; Natural Environment; Pollutants; Climate Change; European Union; United States
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      Vogel, David, Michael W. Toffel, and Diahanna Post. "Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States." Chap. 9 in A Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy: National Government Interventions in a Global Arena, edited by F. Wijen, K. Zoeteman, and J. Pieters, 247–276. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005.
      • March 2003 (Revised November 2009)
      • Case

      Hudson Manufacturing Company

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Vanessa del Valle Broussard
      Concerns the decision by Brett Keith and Owen Colligan to purchase Hudson Manufacturing, a maker of heaters and air filtration units for the military. Keith and Colligan have organized a search fund and identified Hudson as a potential buyout. The decline in the... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Decision Choices and Conditions; Investment; Pollutants; Industrial Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Vanessa del Valle Broussard. "Hudson Manufacturing Company." Harvard Business School Case 203-064, March 2003. (Revised November 2009.)
      • Article

      The Growing Strategic Importance of End-of-Life Product Management

      By: Michael W. Toffel
      Requiring manufacturers to manage the their products when they become waste is an innovative form of regulation, one that has been adopted by countries in Asia, Europe, and North America on a variety of products that range from vehicles to appliances to batteries.... View Details
      Keywords: Product; Environmental Sustainability; Cost Management; Wastes and Waste Processing; Strategy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Manufacturing Industry; Asia; Europe; North and Central America
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      Toffel, Michael W. "The Growing Strategic Importance of End-of-Life Product Management." California Management Review 45, no. 3 (Spring 2003): 102–129.
      • 2003
      • Article

      Closing the Loop: Product Take-back Requirements and their Strategic Implications

      By: Michael W. Toffel
      In Asia, Europe, and North America, regulators are seeking to reduce waste disposal and develop recycling markets by requiring manufacturers to manage the end-of-life disposition of products they produce. Such policies attempt to "close the loop" for products ranging... View Details
      Keywords: Wastes and Waste Processing; Energy Conservation; Product Development; Strategy; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Manufacturing Industry; Asia; Europe; North and Central America
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      Toffel, Michael W. "Closing the Loop: Product Take-back Requirements and their Strategic Implications." Corporate Environmental Strategy 10, no. 9 (2003).
      • September 2002 (Revised March 2006)
      • Case

      Environmental Power Corporation: Changing Manure Into Gold?

      By: Ray A. Goldberg and Laure Mougeot Stroock
      In 2002, Environmental Power Corp. (EPC), a small company developing renewable energy projects, was attempting to commercialize its "digester," a facility that extracted methane from manure, reduced manure's environmental impact, and generated electricity. The company... View Details
      Keywords: Commercialization; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Environmental Sustainability; Investment; Projects; Wastes and Waste Processing; Corporate Finance; Business and Government Relations; Energy Industry
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      Goldberg, Ray A., and Laure Mougeot Stroock. "Environmental Power Corporation: Changing Manure Into Gold?" Harvard Business School Case 903-403, September 2002. (Revised March 2006.)
      • June 2001
      • Case

      NESWC (A)

      By: Michael A. Wheeler
      Documents attempts to restructure a public-private partnership between the operator of a $200 million trash-to-energy cogeneration plant and a consortium of two dozen Massachusetts municipalities. Describes the process that led to a one-sided agreement, as well as the... View Details
      Keywords: Private Sector; Public Sector; Energy Generation; Corporate Governance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Negotiation Deal; Negotiation Process; Partners and Partnerships; Wastes and Waste Processing; Energy Industry; Massachusetts
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      Wheeler, Michael A. "NESWC (A)." Harvard Business School Case 801-067, June 2001.
      • March 1998 (Revised December 1998)
      • Case

      BCI Growth III: May 1993

      By: Josh Lerner
      A Vermont solid-waste company seeks mezzanine financing to finance its strategy of acquiring and consolidating local competitors. The mezzanine private equity group must decide whether this investment offers an attractive risk-return tradeoff. View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Business Growth and Maturation; Consolidation; Wastes and Waste Processing; Acquisition; Service Industry; Vermont
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      Lerner, Josh. "BCI Growth III: May 1993." Harvard Business School Case 298-093, March 1998. (Revised December 1998.)
      • March 1998 (Revised June 1998)
      • Case

      BCI Growth III: November 1993

      By: Josh Lerner
      Supplements BCI Growth III: May 1993. View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Business Growth and Maturation; Consolidation; Acquisition; Wastes and Waste Processing; Service Industry; United States
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      Lerner, Josh. "BCI Growth III: November 1993." Harvard Business School Case 298-103, March 1998. (Revised June 1998.)
      • February 1997 (Revised May 1998)
      • Case

      3M: Negotiating Air Pollution Credits (A)

      By: Michael A. Wheeler and Thomas Dretler
      A proposed trade of air pollution emission credits between 3M (now Imation) and Procter and Gamble is described. Though such trading is encouraged under federal environmental laws, 3M had adopted a company-wide policy against such deals. Procter and Gamble needs the... View Details
      Keywords: Conflict of Interests; Negotiation Types; Pollutants; Negotiation Participants; Laws and Statutes; Policy; Government and Politics; United States
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      Wheeler, Michael A., and Thomas Dretler. "3M: Negotiating Air Pollution Credits (A)." Harvard Business School Case 897-134, February 1997. (Revised May 1998.)
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