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(854)
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- Faculty Publications (190)
Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(854)
- People (3)
- News (200)
- Research (535)
- Events (1)
- Multimedia (2)
- Faculty Publications (190)
- 2004
- Working Paper
Exploring the Structure of Complex Software Designs: An Empirical Study of Open Source and Proprietary Code
By: Alan MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin
MacCormack, Alan, John Rusnak, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "Exploring the Structure of Complex Software Designs: An Empirical Study of Open Source and Proprietary Code." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 05-016, October 2004. (Revised 3/06.)
- 1 Apr 2005 - 4 Apr 2005
- Conference Presentation
Exploring the Structure of Complex Software Designs: An Empirical Study of Open Source and Proprietary Code
By: Alan MacCormack
- July 2006
- Article
The Architecture of Participation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Kim B. Clark. "The Architecture of Participation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?" Management Science 52, no. 7 (July 2006).
- 11 Jun 2006 - 13 Jun 2006
- Conference Presentation
Exploring the Links Between Product and Organizational Architectures: An Empirical Study of Open and Closed Source Software
By: Alan MacCormack
- 19 Mar 2018
- Video
Welcome to Open Knowledge
- March 2008 (Revised August 2009)
- Case
Linden Lab: Opening Second Life
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld
In early 2008, managers in Linden Lab, creator of the virtual world Second Life, faced decisions about the company's strategy. Despite profound initial skepticism about demand for a user-generated virtual world that was not a traditional game, Second Life had achieved... View Details
Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Partners and Partnerships; Software
Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld. "Linden Lab: Opening Second Life." Harvard Business School Case 808-114, March 2008. (Revised August 2009.)
- 2020
- Article
Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?
By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
In this essay, we explore how strategic management research and practice could benefit from considering the benefits and challenges obtainable through working with user communities. User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and... View Details
Keywords: User Communities; Innovation; Open Source; Collaboration; Cooperative Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Shah, Sonali K., and Frank Nagle. "Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?" Special Issue on Open Innovation. Strategic Management Review 1, no. 2 (2020): 305–353.
- November 2021
- Article
Digital Infrastructure Is More Than Just Broadband: What the U.S. Can Learn from Europe's Open Source Technology policy study
By: Frank Nagle
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Infrastructure; Open Source Distribution; Economic Growth; United States; European Union
Nagle, Frank. "Digital Infrastructure Is More Than Just Broadband: What the U.S. Can Learn from Europe's Open Source Technology policy study." Brookings Series: Reimagining Modern-day Markets and Regulations (November 2021).
- 07 Feb 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
The Value of Openness in Scientific Problem Solving
- May 2014
- Article
Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache
By: Shane Greenstein and Frank Nagle
Researchers have long hypothesized that research outputs from government, university, and private company R&D contribute to economic growth, but these contributions may be difficult to measure when they take a non-pecuniary form. The growth of networking devices and... View Details
Keywords: Open Source; Apache; Economic Measurement; Digital Economics; Measurement and Metrics; Open Source Distribution; Internet and the Web; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Economic Growth; Research and Development; Web Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States
Greenstein, Shane, and Frank Nagle. "Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache." Research Policy 43, no. 4 (May 2014): 623–631. (Lead Article.)
- Article
Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis
By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak
A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that the organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
Keywords: Organization Design; Architecture; Modularity; Open Source Software; Communication; Design; Governance; Management Practices and Processes; Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Structure; Performance; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Software
MacCormack, Alan, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and John Rusnak. "Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis." Research Policy 41, no. 8 (October 2012): 1309–1324.
- 2025
- Working Paper
Generative AI and the Nature of Work
By: Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng and Kevin Xu
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate a considerable potential
to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging
productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid... View Details
Keywords: Generative Ai; Digital Work; Open Source Software; Knowledge Economy; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Labor
Hoffmann, Manuel, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, and Kevin Xu. "Generative AI and the Nature of Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-021, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
- 2024
- Working Paper
Open Devices and Slices: Evidence from Wi-Fi Equipment
By: Do Yoon Kim, Roberto Fontana and Shane Greenstein
Prior studies suggest that openness shapes the introduction of new products. This study
collects novel data on all routers and subcomponents introduced between 2000 and 2018. We
characterize each firm's position in a supply chain as upstream component providers... View Details
Kim, Do Yoon, Roberto Fontana, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Devices and Slices: Evidence from Wi-Fi Equipment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-045, January 2024.
- 06 Jun 2005
- Research & Ideas
Microsoft vs. Open Source: Who Will Win?
Want to get a heated debate going among technologists? Ask them this question: Can the open source software movement defeat (or severely cripple) Microsoft in the marketplace? With little academic attention... View Details
- 18 Apr 2019
- Research & Ideas
Open Innovation Contestants Build AI-Based Cancer Tool
electronic health records. Lagace: Looking to the future, what other challenges, medical or otherwise, could open source innovation help with? LISH team: LISH has collaborated with elite scientific... View Details
- July 13, 2023
- Article
Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media
By: Scott Duke Kominers and Liang Wu
Threads, Meta’s Twitter competitor, has become the fastest downloaded app in history. One of the reasons for this is because it allows users to port over their profiles and follows from the already popular social media platform Instagram, also owned by Meta—a feature... View Details
Keywords: Decentralization; Twitter; Facebook; Instagram; Crypto Economy; Blockchain; Network; Industrial Organization; Competition; Open Innovation; Open Platforms; Open Source Innovation; Social Networks; Social Media; Applications and Software; Information Technology Industry
Kominers, Scott Duke, and Liang Wu. "Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (July 13, 2023).
- September 2, 2021
- Article
The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It.
By: Hila Lifshitz-Assaf and Frank Nagle
Free and open source software (FOSS) is essential to much of the tech we use every day—from cars to phones to planes to the cloud. While traditionally, it was developed by an army of volunteer developers and given away for free, companies are increasingly taking a more... View Details
Keywords: Free And Open-source Software; FOSS; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Policy; Cybersecurity
Lifshitz-Assaf, Hila, and Frank Nagle. "The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 2, 2021).
- Fast Answer
Government data and information sources for public entrepreneurship
Municipal, local and national level financial data, demographics and market information sources to inform and support public sector entrepreneurship Where can I find government data (federal, municipal, city, etc.)? Lists... View Details
- 16 Jul 2012
- Working Paper Summaries
Selection, Reallocation, and Spillover: Identifying the Sources of Gains from Multinational Production
Keywords: by Laura Alfaro & Maggie X. Chen