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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Evaluations Amid Measurement Error: Determining the Optimal Timing for Workplace Interventions

      By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo, Iavor I. Bojinov and Fiammetta Menchetti
      Researchers have embraced factorial experiments to simultaneously evaluate multiple treatments, each with different levels. Typically, in large-scale factorial experiments, the primary objective is identifying the treatment with the largest causal effect, especially... View Details
      Keywords: Factorial Designs; Fisher Randomizations; Rank Estimators; Employer Interventions; Causal Inference; Mathematical Methods; Performance Improvement
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      DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, Iavor I. Bojinov, and Fiammetta Menchetti. "Evaluations Amid Measurement Error: Determining the Optimal Timing for Workplace Interventions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-075, June 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • June 2024
      • Background Note

      Do Companies Overvalue External Talent?

      By: Boris Groysberg and Robin Abrahams
      When looking to fill a position above entry level, companies have two choices: transfer/promote an internal candidate, or hire from the outside. Anecdote and research alike show that external hires are usually offered a higher starting salary than internal candidates. View Details
      Keywords: Compensation and Benefits; Selection and Staffing; Job Offer
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Robin Abrahams. "Do Companies Overvalue External Talent?" Harvard Business School Background Note 424-068, June 2024.
      • June 2024
      • Case

      Building Innovation at VINCI

      By: Dennis Campbell, Aluna Wang and Carlota Moniz
      This case study explores how the VINCI Group, a French multinational operating in concessions, energy, and construction, bolstered awareness and adoption rates of new technologies within the organization. Through its separate innovation hub, Leonard, VINCI aimed to... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Organization; Decisions; Business Earnings; Business Strategy; Competition; Energy; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Global Range; Global Strategy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Corporate Accountability; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Sharing; Organizational Culture; Technology Adoption; Innovation Leadership; Organizational Structure; Construction Industry; Energy Industry; Technology Industry; France; Europe
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      Campbell, Dennis, Aluna Wang, and Carlota Moniz. "Building Innovation at VINCI." Harvard Business School Case 124-092, June 2024.
      • June 2024
      • Article

      Valuing the Societal Impact of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A User Guide to Current Best Practices

      By: Jason Shafrin, Jaehong Kim, Joshua T. Cohen, Louis P. Garrison, Dana A. Goldman, Jalpa A. Doshi, Joshua Krieger, Darius N. Lakdawalla, Peter J. Neumann, Charles E. Phelps, Melanie D. Whittington and Richard Willke
      This study argues that value assessment conducted from a societal perspective should rely on the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (GCEA) framework proposed herein. Recently developed value assessment inventories—such as the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness’s... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Valuation; Cost vs Benefits; Society
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      Shafrin, Jason, Jaehong Kim, Joshua T. Cohen, Louis P. Garrison, Dana A. Goldman, Jalpa A. Doshi, Joshua Krieger, Darius N. Lakdawalla, Peter J. Neumann, Charles E. Phelps, Melanie D. Whittington, and Richard Willke. "Valuing the Societal Impact of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A User Guide to Current Best Practices." Forum of Health Economics and Policy 27, no. 1 (June 2024): 29–116.
      • September 2024
      • Article

      International Business and Decentralized Finance

      By: Campbell Harvey and Daniel Rabetti
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      Harvey, Campbell, and Daniel Rabetti. "International Business and Decentralized Finance." Journal of International Business Studies 55, no. 7 (September 2024): 840–863. (Perspective.)
      • May 2024 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Hakluyt: From Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Lena Duchene
      Established in 1995 by a group of ex-British intelligence officers, Hakluyt & Company (Hakluyt) was a corporate advisory firm that generated insights by leveraging a unique blend of internal expertise and a global network of well-connected individuals. Since 2019, the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Talent and Talent Management; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Equity; Stock Shares; Corporate Governance; Business History; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Leadership Style; Growth Management; Management Succession; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Transformation; Consulting Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Lena Duchene. "Hakluyt: From Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors." Harvard Business School Case 824-200, May 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Internal and External Capital Markets of Large Banks

      By: Lina Lu, Marco Macchiavelli and Jonathan Wallen
      Despite regulatory restrictions, large U.S. bank holding companies have sizable and dynamic internal capital markets. They raise long-term debt at the holding company and deposits at the commercial bank to internally make unsecured loans to affiliated broker-dealers.... View Details
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; International Finance; Financial Markets
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      Lu, Lina, Marco Macchiavelli, and Jonathan Wallen. "Internal and External Capital Markets of Large Banks." Working Paper, November 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Article

      Relational Attributions for One’s Own Resilience Predict Compassion for Others

      By: Rachel Ruttan, Ting Zhang, Sivahn Barli and Katherine DeCelles
      Existing work on attribution theory distinguishes between external and internal attributions (i.e., “I overcame adversity due to luck” vs. “my own effort”). We introduce the construct of relational resilience attributions (i.e., “due to help from other people”) as a... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Characteristics; Forecasting and Prediction; Attitudes; Behavior
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      Ruttan, Rachel, Ting Zhang, Sivahn Barli, and Katherine DeCelles. "Relational Attributions for One’s Own Resilience Predict Compassion for Others." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 126, no. 5 (May 2024): 818–840.
      • Spring 2024
      • Article

      Introduction: International Innovation & American Challenges

      By: William C. Kirby
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      Kirby, William C. "Introduction: International Innovation & American Challenges." Special Issue on Advances & Challenges in International Higher Education edited by Wendy Fischman, Howard Gardner & William C. Kirby. Daedalus 153, no. 2 (Spring 2024): 7–20.
      • Spring 2024
      • Other Article

      Introduction: International Innovation & American Challenges

      By: William C. Kirby
      While the United States remains a leader in higher education, the largest systems of higher education today are in India and China, and new colleges and universities spread across the world have become the leading sites of ambitious experimentation.
      What are... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Leadership; Trends; Global Range; Education Industry
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      Kirby, William C. "Introduction: International Innovation & American Challenges." Special Issue on Advances & Challenges in International Higher Education edited by Wendy Fischman, Howard Gardner & William C. Kirby. Daedalus 153, no. 2 (Spring 2024): 7–20.
      • April 2024 (Revised November 2024)
      • Case

      Moderna: Pioneering a People Platform to Accelerate Science Innovation

      By: Tatiana Sandino, Emil Dy and Samuel Grad
      Moderna was founded in 2010 to explore how messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) could be used to create breakthrough medicines by encoding instructions for the body to create antibodies. When Stéphane Bancel (HBS 2000) took over in 2011, he bet on the potential of this... View Details
      Keywords: Disruptive Innovation; Talent and Talent Management; Selection and Staffing; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Strategy; Innovation and Management; Leadership Development; Management Practices and Processes; Management Systems; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Alignment; Employee Relationship Management; Science-Based Business; Expansion; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; United States
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      Sandino, Tatiana, Emil Dy, and Samuel Grad. "Moderna: Pioneering a People Platform to Accelerate Science Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 124-091, April 2024. (Revised November 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Social Movements and Public Opinion in the United States

      By: Amory Gethin and Vincent Pons
      Recent social movements stand out by their spontaneous nature and lack of stable leadership, raising doubts on their ability to generate political change. This article provides systematic evidence on the effects of protests on public opinion and political attitudes.... View Details
      Keywords: Attitudes; Social Issues; Voting; Public Opinion; Social Media
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      Gethin, Amory, and Vincent Pons. "Social Movements and Public Opinion in the United States." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32342, April 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Case

      From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
      In the summer of 2023, Eduard (“Eddie”) Croitoru, Vice President (VP) of ICL Group (“ICL”) Corporate Initiatives, was reflecting on ICL’s internal ideation program, the Business Innovation for Growth (BIG) Accelerator. When Raviv Zoller became the CEO of ICL in 2018,... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Agribusiness; Accounting; Communication; Renewable Energy; Chemicals; Machinery and Machining; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Social Entrepreneurship; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Environmental Sustainability; Natural Resources; Globalization; Information Technology; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Personal Development and Career; Talent and Talent Management; Manufacturing Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Chemical Industry; Israel; China; United States
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      Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 424-042, March 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
      • Supplement

      From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (B)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
      In August 2023, Raviv Zoller, CEO of ICL Group, discussed his upcoming business trip to St. Louis with Eduard Croitoru, VP of ICL Corporate Initiatives, to commemorate the construction of ICL's new $400 million advanced manufacturing facility. In preparation for the... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Agribusiness; Accounting; Communication; Renewable Energy; Chemicals; Machinery and Machining; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Social Entrepreneurship; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Environmental Sustainability; Natural Resources; Globalization; Information Technology; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Personal Development and Career; Partners and Partnerships; Manufacturing Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Chemical Industry; Battery Industry; Israel; United States; China
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      Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 424-043, March 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
      • March 2024 (Revised June 2025)
      • Teaching Note

      CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub

      By: Frank Nagle and Maria P. Roche
      This teaching note is the companion to case N9-624-010 CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub, which takes place in late 2021. The case briefly describes the history of both GitHub and Microsoft with a particular focus on open source software (OSS)—software... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Technological Innovation; Product Launch; Open Source Distribution; Product Development; Commercialization; Competition; Resource Allocation; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank, and Maria P. Roche. "CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-452, March 2024. (Revised June 2025.)
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Nomad: A License to Bank

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Pedro Levindo
      In late 2023, Lucas Vargas, CEO and co-founder of Nomad, a fintech that offered financial services in the United States for Brazilian residents, had to decide what to do to ensure the company’s continued expansion. Nomad launched its first product, a U.S. digital bank... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Startups; Customer Satisfaction; Decision Making; Entrepreneurship; Banks and Banking; Initial Public Offering; Global Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Organizational Culture; Going Public; Ownership Stake; Innovation and Invention; Strategic Planning; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Vertical Integration; Leadership; Law; Banking Industry; Technology Industry; Service Industry; Brazil; United States; North America; Latin America
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Pedro Levindo. "Nomad: A License to Bank." Harvard Business School Case 824-144, March 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Appropriate Entrepreneurship? The Rise of China and the Developing World

      By: Josh Lerner, Junxi Liu, Jacob Moscona and David Yang
      Global innovation and entrepreneurship has traditionally been dominated by a handful of high-income countries, especially the US. This paper investigates the international consequences of the rise of a new hub for innovation, focusing on the dramatic growth of... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Emerging Markets; Economic Growth; China
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      Lerner, Josh, Junxi Liu, Jacob Moscona, and David Yang. "Appropriate Entrepreneurship? The Rise of China and the Developing World." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-061, March 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised February 2025)
      • Case

      Doing Business in São Paulo, Brazil

      By: Laura Alfaro, Hise O. Gibson, Leonard A. Schlesinger and Pedro Levindo
      The case gives readers an overview of key factors of doing business in Brazil, including Brazil’s economic transformation since its colonial years until 2023, when leftist President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was sworn in for his third term, after the most polarized... View Details
      Keywords: Business Cycles; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Economic Sectors; Economy; Macroeconomics; Business History; International Relations; Political Elections; Taxation; Consumer Behavior; Brazil; Latin America; Sao Paulo
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      Alfaro, Laura, Hise O. Gibson, Leonard A. Schlesinger, and Pedro Levindo. "Doing Business in São Paulo, Brazil." Harvard Business School Case 324-079, March 2024. (Revised February 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Exports in Disguise? Trade Rerouting During the U.S.-China Trade War

      By: Ebehi Iyoha, Edmund Malesky, Jaya Wen and Sung-Ju Wu
      This paper introduces a new measure of tariff evasion through rerouting and applies it to the 2018 U.S.–China trade war, focusing on Vietnam as a transit country. We use transaction-level trade data and define rerouting as the flow of a granular eight-digit Harmonized... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; International Relations; Logistics; China; Viet Nam; United States
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      Iyoha, Ebehi, Edmund Malesky, Jaya Wen, and Sung-Ju Wu. "Exports in Disguise? Trade Rerouting During the U.S.-China Trade War." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-072, May 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
      • February 2024 (Revised February 2025)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

      By: Karen G. Mills, Allison H. Mnookin, Leonard A. Schlesinger, Shu Lin, Julianne Bliss and Morgane Herculano
      Le Thi Thu Thuy, Vice Chairwoman of Vingroup, the largest private conglomerate in Vietnam, and Global CEO of VinFast, Vingroup’s automotive subsidiary established in 2017, was contemplating VinFast’s future strategy. Domestically, the EV market in Vietnam was in its... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Business Conglomerates; Global Strategy; Emerging Markets; Business Strategy; Infrastructure; Competition; Auto Industry; Viet Nam
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      Mills, Karen G., Allison H. Mnookin, Leonard A. Schlesinger, Shu Lin, Julianne Bliss, and Morgane Herculano. "Doing Business in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." Harvard Business School Case 324-096, February 2024. (Revised February 2025.)
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