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      Cost EfficiencyRemove Cost Efficiency →

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      • December 2012 (Revised November 2014)
      • Case

      Lit Motors

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Alex Godden
      In mid-2012 Lit Motors had created both engineering and design prototypes and conducted initial customer tests on less than $750,000 of investment. Lit Motors' founder, Daniel Kim, had started the company to design and manufacture an efficient electric 2-wheeled... View Details
      Keywords: Lean Startup; Prototyping; Electric Vehicle; Urban Vehicle; Customer Tests; Gyroscope; Entrepreneurs; Development Stage Enterprises; Creativity; Disruptive Technologies; Consumer Surveys; Market Segmentation; Manufacturing Costs; Entrepreneurship; Auto Industry; United States; California
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Alex Godden. "Lit Motors." Harvard Business School Case 813-079, December 2012. (Revised November 2014.)
      • October 2012 (Revised July 2014)
      • Background Note

      The Role of the Government in the Early Development of American Venture Capital

      By: Josh Lerner and Tom Nicholas
      Whether the government or markets, or a mixture of both, can provide efficient and effective incentives for encouraging entrepreneurial activity and new venture financing is an age-old question. Public promotion efforts are controversial and in most cases they tend to... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Business and Government Relations; United States
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      Lerner, Josh, and Tom Nicholas. "The Role of the Government in the Early Development of American Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Background Note 813-096, October 2012. (Revised July 2014.)
      • October 2012
      • Case

      Hill Country Snack Foods Co.

      By: W. Carl Kester and Craig Stephenson
      Hill Country Snack Foods, located in Austin, Texas, manufactures, markets, and distributes snack foods and frozen treats. The CEO is passionate about maximizing shareholder value and believes in keeping tight control over costs and operating the business as efficiently... View Details
      Keywords: United States; Financial Strategy; Debt Management; Retail Trade; Risk Management; Food; Capital Structure; Corporate Finance; Retail Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Texas
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Craig Stephenson. "Hill Country Snack Foods Co." Harvard Business School Brief Case 913-517, October 2012.
      • September 2012 (Revised May 2015)
      • Case

      Philips-Visicu

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger, Natalie Kindred and Sara M. McKinley
      Would the advent of global payment models and ACOs create sufficient demand for a telemedicine offering covering the care continuum, from hospitals to the home? This was the decision facing Royal Philips Electronics (Philips), the Netherlands-based producer of... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Philips; Visicu; Telemedicine; eICU; Accountable Care Organization; ACO; Bundled Payment; Hospital To Home; Patient Monitoring Devices; Home Health Care; Health Care and Treatment; Communication Technology; Quality; Safety; Performance Productivity; Performance Capacity; Performance Efficiency; Consumer Behavior; Emerging Markets; Health Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Netherlands
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., Natalie Kindred, and Sara M. McKinley. "Philips-Visicu." Harvard Business School Case 313-015, September 2012. (Revised May 2015.) (As companion reading for this case, see Regina E. Herzlinger and Charles Huang, "Note on Bundled Payment in Health Care," HBS No. 312-032 (Boston: Harvard Business Publishing, 2012).)
      • August 2012
      • Case

      Polar Sports, Inc.

      By: W. Carl Kester and Wei Wang
      Polar Sports, Inc. is a fashion skiwear manufacturing company in Littleton, Colorado. The company has a unique design for skiwear using a special synthetic material that improves insulation and durability. The ski apparel industry is highly competitive and the best way... View Details
      Keywords: Production; Decision Choices and Conditions; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Finance; Manufacturing Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Sports Industry; Colorado
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Wei Wang. "Polar Sports, Inc." Harvard Business School Brief Case 913-513, August 2012.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      ~Why Do We Redistribute so Much but Tag so Little? Normative Diversity, Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation

      By: Matthew Weinzierl
      Tagging is a free lunch in conventional optimal tax theory because it eases the classic tradeoff between efficiency and equality. But tagging is used in only limited ways in tax policy. I propose one explanation: conventional optimal tax theory has yet to capture the... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Cost; Framework; Policy; Taxation; Analytics and Data Science; Performance Efficiency; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew. "~Why Do We Redistribute so Much but Tag so Little? Normative Diversity, Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-064, January 2012. (Revised August 2012. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18045, August 2012)
      • March 2011 (Revised March 2017)
      • Case

      Red Hen Baking Company

      By: Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
      In 2007, the Red Hen Baking Company was deciding whether to move from its cramped and inefficient facility to a new facility. It had been in business about 8 years, and 2006 was the first year RHB realized a profit that was over $50,000. The added annual cost of the... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Capital; Risk Management; Expansion
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      Ruback, Richard S., and Royce Yudkoff. "Red Hen Baking Company." Harvard Business School Case 211-091, March 2011. (Revised March 2017.)
      • 2011
      • Case

      Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes: Transforming the Management Control System in Time of Crisis

      By: Ning Jia, F. Warren McFarlan and Xiaohui Li
      Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co. is a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE) that manufactures cast pipe products and steel products. The company had grown to become a dominant player in the ductile iron pipe industry, holding more than 40% domestic market share and nearly... View Details
      Keywords: Control Systems; Cost Centers; Manufacturing; Profit Centers; China
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      Jia, Ning, F. Warren McFarlan, and Xiaohui Li. "Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes: Transforming the Management Control System in Time of Crisis." Tsinghua University Case, 2011.
      • 2011
      • Teaching Note

      Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes: Transforming the Management Control System in Time of Crisis (TN)

      By: Ning Jia, F. Warren McFarlan and Xiaohui Li
      Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co. is a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE) that manufactures cast pipe products and steel products. The company had grown to become a dominant player in the ductile iron pipe industry, holding more than 40% domestic market share and nearly... View Details
      Keywords: Control Systems; Cost Centers; Manufacturing; Profit Centers; China; Iron & Steel; China
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      Jia, Ning, F. Warren McFarlan, and Xiaohui Li. "Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes: Transforming the Management Control System in Time of Crisis (TN)." Tsinghua University Teaching Note, 2011.
      • April 2010 (Revised September 2011)
      • Case

      Supply Chain Partners: Virginia Mason and Owens & Minor (A) (Abridged)

      By: V.G. Narayanan and Lisa Brem
      Owens & Minor (O&M) performed lean inventory services for Virginia Mason (VM) as its Alpha Vendor, but the outdated industry pricing model created perverse incentives and could not capture O&M's costs. Together, O&M and VM created an activity-based pricing model: Total... View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chain Management; Partners and Partnerships; Activity Based Costing and Management; Business Model; Non-Governmental Organizations; Nonprofit Organizations; Motivation and Incentives; Asset Pricing; Cost Accounting; Fair Value Accounting; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Narayanan, V.G., and Lisa Brem. "Supply Chain Partners: Virginia Mason and Owens & Minor (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 110-063, April 2010. (Revised September 2011.)
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Agency Revisited

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Daniel F. Spulber
      The article presents a comprehensive overview of the principal-agent model that emphasizes the role of trust in the agency relationship. The analysis demonstrates that the legal remedy for breach of duty can result in a full-information efficient outcome eliminating... View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Contracts; Agency Theory; Mathematical Methods; Behavior; Trust
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Daniel F. Spulber. "Agency Revisited." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-082, March 2010.
      • October 2008 (Revised June 2011)
      • Case

      JetBlue Airways: Managing Growth

      By: Robert S. Huckman and Gary P. Pisano
      Considers the situation facing David Barger, President and CEO of JetBlue Airways, in May 2007 as he addresses the airline's need to slow its growth rate in the response to increasing fuel costs and the effects of major operational crisis for the airline in February... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Operations; Performance Capacity; Performance Efficiency; Competitive Strategy; Air Transportation Industry
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      Huckman, Robert S., and Gary P. Pisano. "JetBlue Airways: Managing Growth." Harvard Business School Case 609-046, October 2008. (Revised June 2011.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Antoinette Stein and Katharine Lee
      Manufacturers are increasingly being required to adhere to product take-back regulations that require them to manage their products at the end of life. Such regulations seek to internalize products' entire life cycle costs into market prices, with the ultimate... View Details
      Keywords: Product; Cost; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability
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      Toffel, Michael W., Antoinette Stein, and Katharine Lee. "Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-026, July 2008. (September 2008.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Some Neglected Axioms in Fair Division

      By: John W. Pratt
      Conditions one might impose on fair allocation procedures are introduced. Nondiscrimination requires that agents share an item in proportion to their entitlements if they receive nothing else. The "price" procedures of Pratt (2007), including the Nash... View Details
      Keywords: Resource Allocation; Valuation; Price; Cost
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      Pratt, John W. "Some Neglected Axioms in Fair Division." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-094, May 2008.
      • October 2007 (Revised May 2009)
      • Case

      Offering the Right Service in the Right Place: Growing Orthopedics at the Brigham and Women's/Faulkner (BW/F) Hospitals

      By: V.G. Narayanan, Michael G. Wilson and Rachel Gordon
      After the merger of two local hospitals, hospital leaders much decide how to reorganize services to take advantage of newly created efficiencies. Focuses on the Orthopedics department at one of the hospitals. View Details
      Keywords: Cost Accounting; Mergers and Acquisitions; Cost vs Benefits; Service Operations; Organizational Structure; Performance Efficiency; Competitive Advantage; Health Industry
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      Narayanan, V.G., Michael G. Wilson, and Rachel Gordon. "Offering the Right Service in the Right Place: Growing Orthopedics at the Brigham and Women's/Faulkner (BW/F) Hospitals." Harvard Business School Case 108-016, October 2007. (Revised May 2009.)
      • June 2007
      • Article

      Does Employment Protection Reduce Productivity? Evidence from U.S. States

      By: David H Autor, William R. Kerr and Adriana D. Kugler
      Theory predicts that mandated employment protections may reduce productivity by distorting production choices. Firms facing (non-Coasean) worker dismissal costs will curtail hiring below efficient levels and retain unproductive workers, both of which should affect... View Details
      Keywords: Theory; Production; Selection and Staffing; Cost; Employment; Capital; Performance Productivity; United States
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      Autor, David H., William R. Kerr, and Adriana D. Kugler. "Does Employment Protection Reduce Productivity? Evidence from U.S. States." Economic Journal 117, no. 521 (June 2007): 189–217.
      • January 2007
      • Article

      Introducing the First Management Control Systems: Evidence from the Retail Sector

      By: Tatiana Sandino
      Focusing on a sample of US retailers, I study the management control systems (MCS) that firms introduce when they first invest in controls, and identify four categories of initial MCS, which are defined in terms of the purposes these MCS fulfill. The first category,... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Entrepreneurial Organizations; Firm Growth; Corporate Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Management Systems; Growth and Development Strategy
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      Sandino, Tatiana. "Introducing the First Management Control Systems: Evidence from the Retail Sector." Accounting Review 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 265–293. (Awarded the Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award, 2005, Management Accounting Section, American Accounting Association; Awarded the Emerging Scholar Competitive Manuscript Award, 2011, Foundation for Applied Research, Institute of Management Accountants.)
      • June 2005
      • Article

      Compensatory Transfers in Two-Player Decision Problems

      By: Jerry R. Green
      This paper presents an axiomatic characterization of a family of solutions to two-player quasi-linear social choice problems. In these problems the players select a single action from a set available to them. They may also transfer money between... View Details
      Keywords: Bargaining; Cost Allocation; Decision Making
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      Green, Jerry R. "Compensatory Transfers in Two-Player Decision Problems." International Journal of Game Theory 33, no. 2 (June 2005): 159–180.
      • May 2004 (Revised July 2004)
      • Case

      Clarence Saunders: The Comeback King

      By: Nitin Nohria and Bridget Gurtler
      Follows the rise and fall of the founder of the modern supermarket, Clarence Saunders. Prior to 1915, all staple shopping took place in the market or general store, where a clerk behind a counter pulled items from shelves for customers , measured them from a barrel, or... View Details
      Keywords: Inflation and Deflation; Mission and Purpose; Business Processes; Leadership; Consumer Behavior; Leadership Style; Advertising; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Order Taking and Fulfillment
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      Nohria, Nitin, and Bridget Gurtler. "Clarence Saunders: The Comeback King." Harvard Business School Case 404-070, May 2004. (Revised July 2004.)
      • January 2002 (Revised February 2002)
      • Case

      Postgirot Bank and Provment AB: Managing the Cost of IT Operations

      By: F. Warren McFarlan and Nancy Bartlett
      Describes a specific approach for measuring the efficiency of the groups of computers inside an organization and suggests ways this tool may be used to reduce the company's computing investment while maintaining service. It is a software-enabled industrial engineering... View Details
      Keywords: Cost Management; Investment; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Management Style; Information Technology; Applications and Software
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      McFarlan, F. Warren, and Nancy Bartlett. "Postgirot Bank and Provment AB: Managing the Cost of IT Operations." Harvard Business School Case 302-061, January 2002. (Revised February 2002.)
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