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      • June 2015 (Revised September 2017)
      • Supplement

      Generating Higher Value at IBM

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
      This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam... View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 215-710, June 2015. (Revised September 2017.)
      • June 2015
      • Article

      The Organization of Enterprise in Japan

      By: Tom Nicholas
      Recent research reveals that the joint stock corporation was not a superior form of business organization in many countries historically. In Japan, however, it played a more fundamental role. Between 1896 and 1939 joint stock enterprises accounted for 44 percent of... View Details
      Keywords: Japan; Legal Form; Enterprise; Modernization; Business Organization; Entrepreneurship; Japan
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      Nicholas, Tom. "The Organization of Enterprise in Japan." Journal of Economic History 75, no. 2 (June 2015): 333–363.
      • May 2015 (Revised December 2016)
      • Supplement

      Generating Higher Value at IBM (B)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
      Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Value Creation; Financial Statements; Corporate Finance; Computer Industry
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 215-059, May 2015. (Revised December 2016.)
      • May 2015 (Revised September 2017)
      • Case

      Generating Higher Value at IBM (A)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
      This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam... View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (A)." Harvard Business School Case 215-058, May 2015. (Revised September 2017.)
      • April 2015
      • Tutorial

      Introduction to International Macroeconomics

      By: Laura Alfaro and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This tutorial is a web-based, interactive program which will provide students with an introduction to the basic principles of macroeconomics and international macroeconomics. View Details
      Keywords: International Macroeconomics; International Economy; Current Account; Unemployment; Inflation; Monetary Policy; Fiscal Policy; Gdp; Macroeconomics; Money; Business Cycles; Inflation and Deflation; Trade
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. Introduction to International Macroeconomics. Harvard Business School Tutorial 715-702, April 2015.
      • April 2015
      • Teaching Note

      International Macroeconomics — An Online Tutorial

      By: Laura Alfaro and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This is the Teaching Note to accompany "International Macroeconomics", HBS Tutorial 715-702. View Details
      Keywords: International Macroeconomics; International Economy; Current Account; Unemployment; Inflation; Monetary Policy; Fiscal Policy; Gdp; Macroeconomics; Money; Business Cycles; Inflation and Deflation; Trade
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "International Macroeconomics — An Online Tutorial." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 715-048, April 2015.
      • November 2014
      • Article

      The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance

      By: Robert G. Eccles, Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
      We investigate the effect of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Using a matched sample of 180 U.S. companies, we find that corporations that voluntarily adopted sustainability policies by 1993—termed as High Sustainability... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainability Management; Sustainability Research; Sustainability Reporting; Sustainability Targets; Corporate Social Responsibility; Corporate Accountability; Reporting; Corporate Governance; Investor Clientele; Investor Communication; Stock Market; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Performance; United States
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      Eccles, Robert G., Ioannis Ioannou, and George Serafeim. "The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance." Management Science 60, no. 11 (November 2014): 2835–2857.
      • September 2014 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      La Ribera Health Department (A)

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger, Emer Moloney and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      The La Ribera case studies depict an innovative low cost/high quality privately financed hospital model struggling to achieve alignment with the Six Factors. It is reimbursed by the public sector in a Spanish environment whose Consumers, Structure, and Public Policy... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Health Care Financing; Health Care Industry; Health Care Operations; Health Care and Treatment; Operations; Business Model; Government and Politics; Programs; Innovation Strategy; Vertical Integration; Health Industry; Europe; Spain
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., Emer Moloney, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "La Ribera Health Department (A)." Harvard Business School Case 315-006, September 2014. (Revised March 2021.)
      • 2014
      • Chapter

      Promoting Corporate Sustainability through Integrated Reporting: The Role of Investment Fiduciaries and the Responsibilities of the Corporate Board

      By: Robert G. Eccles, J. Herron and George Serafeim
      This book is a comprehensive reference work exploring recent changes and future trends in the principles that govern institutional investors and fiduciaries. A wide range of contributors offer new perspectives on dynamics that drive the current emphasis on short-term... View Details
      Keywords: Governance; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Institutional Investing; Financial Services Industry
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      Eccles, Robert G., J. Herron, and George Serafeim. "Promoting Corporate Sustainability through Integrated Reporting: The Role of Investment Fiduciaries and the Responsibilities of the Corporate Board." Chap. 31 in Cambridge Handbook of Institutional Investment and Fiduciary Duty, edited by James P. Hawley, Andreas G.F. Hoepner, Keith L. Johnson, Joakim Sandberg, and Edward J. Waitzer, 403–415. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      The New Empirical Economics of Management

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur and John Van Reenen
      Over the last decade the World Management Survey (WMS) has collected firm-level management practices data across multiple sectors and countries. We developed the survey to try to explain the large and persistent TFP differences across firms and countries. This review... View Details
      Keywords: Management; Organization; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Microeconomics
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur, and John Van Reenen. "The New Empirical Economics of Management." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-111, April 2014. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 20102, April 2014.)
      • March 2014 (Revised September 2014)
      • Supplement

      Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (B)

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Natalie Kindred
      This case, a follow-up to Cancer Treatment Centers of America (A), HBS No. 313-012, begins with the debate over New Hampshire's certificate-of-need (CON) law, which restricts hospital expansion. This debate ignited significant public criticism of Cancer Treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Cancer; Cancer Treatment; Accountability; Outcomes; Outcomes Reporting; Outcomes Measurement; Survival; For-profit Hospitals; Health Care; Healthcare; Hospital; Certificate Of Need; Health Care and Treatment; Outcome or Result; Corporate Accountability; Policy; Health Industry; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Natalie Kindred. "Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 314-003, March 2014. (Revised September 2014.)
      • February 2014
      • Teaching Note

      Olympus (A)

      By: Jay W. Lorsch and Suraj Srinivasan
      As 2012 approached the woes of the financial crisis seemed to be fading, companies were resuming business as usual and some of the scrutiny on corporate governance practices began to recede as well. That is until another major financial scandal emerged in Japan in the... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Electronics Industry; Japan
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      Lorsch, Jay W., and Suraj Srinivasan. "Olympus (A)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 114-072, February 2014.
      • 2014
      • Chapter

      Corporate Social Responsibility and Multinational Corporations

      By: Nien-he Hsieh and Florian Wettstein
      A central question that arises from the perspective of global ethics is what standards ought to apply to the activities of multinational corporations (MNCs). This chapter surveys the contemporary theoretical literature on this question. The first section provides... View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Corporation; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Standards
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      Hsieh, Nien-he, and Florian Wettstein. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Multinational Corporations." Chap. 19 in The Routledge Handbook of Global Ethics, edited by Darrel Moellendorf and Heather Widdows, 251–266. London: Routledge, 2014.
      • November 2013 (Revised February 2016)
      • Case

      A Long, Bumpy and Unfinished Road: Education Reform in Memphis, Tennessee

      By: Allen Grossman, J. Puckett and Nithya Vaduganathan

      In 2010 the Memphis City School District merged with the neighboring Shelby County School system under the supervision of a single board of education and superintendent. It promised much more than just administrative synergies—it was an opportunity to change a... View Details

      Keywords: Education Reform; Public Education; Business Engagement; Public Sector; Education; Business and Community Relations; Education Industry; Tennessee
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      Grossman, Allen, J. Puckett, and Nithya Vaduganathan. "A Long, Bumpy and Unfinished Road: Education Reform in Memphis, Tennessee." Harvard Business School Case 314-064, November 2013. (Revised February 2016.)
      • September–October 2013
      • Article

      The Role of Organizational Scope and Governance in Strengthening Private Monitoring

      By: Lamar Pierce and Michael W. Toffel
      Governments and other organizations often outsource activities to achieve cost savings from market competition. Yet such benefits are often accompanied by poor quality resulting from moral hazard, which can be particularly onerous when outsourcing the monitoring and... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Decision Choices and Conditions; Corporate Accountability; Governance Compliance; Policy; Management Practices and Processes; Demand and Consumers; Market Design; Market Entry and Exit; Market Transactions; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Business Processes; Organizational Structure; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Expectations; Practice; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Service Industry; United States; New York (state, US)
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      Pierce, Lamar, and Michael W. Toffel. "The Role of Organizational Scope and Governance in Strengthening Private Monitoring." Organization Science 24, no. 5 (September–October 2013): 1558–1584. (Winner of the NBS Research Impact on Practice Award from the Academy of Management (AOM) and Network for Business Sustainability (NBS))
      • April 2013 (Revised February 2018)
      • Case

      Norway: The Embarrassment of Riches

      By: Sophus A. Reinert, Forest Reinhardt and Senny Munthe-Kaas
      In early 2013, Norway was by many accounts the world’s most developed country; it topped various indices for everything from democracy to happiness, had a comprehensive welfare state, and massive oil revenues endowed it with a substantial, and growing, Sovereign Wealth... View Details
      Keywords: Sovereign Wealth Funds; Welfare State; Natural Resources; Internationalization; Dutch Disease; Happiness; Macroeconomics; Energy Sources; Values and Beliefs; Sovereign Finance; Immigration; Welfare; Energy Industry; Norway
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      Reinert, Sophus A., Forest Reinhardt, and Senny Munthe-Kaas. "Norway: The Embarrassment of Riches." Harvard Business School Case 713-061, April 2013. (Revised February 2018.)
      • 5 Feb 2013
      • Conference Presentation

      Financing Entrepreneurial Growth

      By: Tom Alberg, Andrew A. Bogan, Harold Bradley, Robert D. Cooter, Monika Gruter Cheney, Oliver R. Goodenough, William R. Hambrecht, Frank Hatheway, Thomas F. Hellmann, Marianne Hudson, Jared Konczal, Josh Lerner, Robert E. Litan, Diane Mulcahy, Ramana Nanda, Frank Partnoy, Joe Ratterman, Nava Ravikant, Jay R. Ritter, Alicia Robb, David T. Robinson, Allison Schrager, Barry Silbert, E. R. Sirri, Daniel Stangler and Sharon Vosmek

      Despite recent innovations in entrepreneurial finance, particularly at the early stage of business creation, many new and young companies continue to face hurdles to acquire capital.

      The Kauffman Foundation addressed current challenges and opportunities in... View Details

      Keywords: Finance; Entrepreneurial Finance; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; United States
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      Alberg, Tom, Andrew A. Bogan, Harold Bradley, Robert D. Cooter, Monika Gruter Cheney, Oliver R. Goodenough, William R. Hambrecht, Frank Hatheway, Thomas F. Hellmann, Marianne Hudson, Jared Konczal, Josh Lerner, Robert E. Litan, Diane Mulcahy, Ramana Nanda, Frank Partnoy, Joe Ratterman, Nava Ravikant, Jay R. Ritter, Alicia Robb, David T. Robinson, Allison Schrager, Barry Silbert, E. R. Sirri, Daniel Stangler, and Sharon Vosmek. "Financing Entrepreneurial Growth." Paper presented at the State of Entrepreneurship Address, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Washington, DC, USA, February 5, 2013.
      • Article

      Tax Policy and the Efficiency of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad

      By: Mihir A. Desai, C. Fritz Foley and James R. Hines Jr.
      Deferral of U.S. taxes on foreign source income is commonly characterized as a subsidy to foreign investment, as reflected in its inclusion among "tax expenditures" and occasional calls for its repeal. This paper analyzes the extent to which tax deferral and other... View Details
      Keywords: International Taxation; Dynamic Efficiency; Deferral; Policy; Taxation; Performance Efficiency; Foreign Direct Investment; Investment Funds; Investment Return; Business Earnings; Equity; Financing and Loans; Cash Flow; Capital; United States
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      Desai, Mihir A., C. Fritz Foley, and James R. Hines Jr. "Tax Policy and the Efficiency of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad." National Tax Journal 64, no. 4 (December 2011): 1055–1082.
      • October 2012 (Revised July 2013)
      • Case

      Olympus (A)

      By: Jay W. Lorsch, Suraj Srinivasan and Kathleen Durante
      As 2012 approached, the woes of the financial crisis seemed to be fading, companies were resuming business as usual, and some of the scrutiny on corporate governance practices began to recede as well. That is until another major financial scandal emerged in Japan in... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Corporate Governance; Electronics Industry; Health Industry; Japan
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      Lorsch, Jay W., Suraj Srinivasan, and Kathleen Durante. "Olympus (A) ." Harvard Business School Case 413-040, October 2012. (Revised July 2013.)
      • August 2012 (Revised August 2014)
      • Case

      Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (A)

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Natalie Kindred
      Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA), a U.S. network of four privately owned oncology focused factory hospitals, was weighing options for growth. CTCA was entirely cancer focused and specialized in treating patients with complex and advanced-stage cancers, who... View Details
      Keywords: Cancer; Cancer Treatment; Health Care; Healthcare; Accountability; Outcomes; Outcomes Measurement; Outcomes Reporting; Hub And Spoke Cancer Care; Hub And Spoke; Hub-and-spoke; Focused Factory; Mission and Purpose; Private Ownership; For-Profit Firms; Health Disorders; Medical Specialties; Policy; Business Model; Expansion; Decision Choices and Conditions; Advertising; Health Care and Treatment; Innovation and Invention; Health Industry; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Natalie Kindred. "Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (A)." Harvard Business School Case 313-012, August 2012. (Revised August 2014.)
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