• June 2024
• Article

Defining Who You Are by Whom You Serve? Strategies for Prosocial–Professional Identity Integration with Clients

By: Lakshmi Ramarajan and Julie Yen

Many professionals want to both achieve professional success and contribute to society. Yet, in some professional contexts, these aims are in tension because serving elite clients is considered the pinnacle of professional success, but professionals themselves may view... View Details

Keywords: Identity; Experience and Expertise; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Behavior; Social Entrepreneurship

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Ramarajan, Lakshmi, and Julie Yen. "Defining Who You Are by Whom You Serve? Strategies for Prosocial–Professional Identity Integration with Clients." Administrative Science Quarterly 69, no. 2 (June 2024): 515–567.

• 2024
• Working Paper

Trade Policy in the Shadow of Conflict: The Case of Dual-use Goods

By: Maxim Alekseev and Xinyue Lin

Policymakers increasingly use trade instruments to address national security concerns. This paper studies optimal policy for dual-use goods, items with both military and civilian applications. We begin by documenting that regulation and trade flows of dual-use goods... View Details

Keywords: Policy; National Security; Trade; Taxation; Financial Instruments; Macroeconomics

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Alekseev, Maxim, and Xinyue Lin. "Trade Policy in the Shadow of Conflict: The Case of Dual-use Goods." Working Paper, October 2024.

• 2025
• Article

Statistical Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Discovered by Generic Machine Learning in Randomized Experiments

By: Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li

Researchers are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate causal heterogeneity in randomized experiments. Despite their promise, ML algorithms may fail to accurately ascertain heterogeneous treatment effects under practical settings with... View Details

Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science

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Imai, Kosuke, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Statistical Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Discovered by Generic Machine Learning in Randomized Experiments." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 43, no. 1 (2025): 256–268.

• March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
• Supplement

From "BIG" Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (B)

By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag

In August 2023, Raviv Zoller, CEO of ICL Group, discussed his upcoming business trip to St. Louis with Eduard Croitoru, VP of ICL Corporate Initiatives, to commemorate the construction of ICL's new $400 million advanced manufacturing facility. In preparation for the... View Details

Keywords: Change Management; Agribusiness; Accounting; Communication; Renewable Energy; Chemicals; Machinery and Machining; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Social Entrepreneurship; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Environmental Sustainability; Natural Resources; Globalization; Information Technology; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Personal Development and Career; Partners and Partnerships; Manufacturing Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Chemical Industry; Battery Industry; Israel; United States; China

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Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 424-043, March 2024. (Revised April 2024.)

• August 2020 (Revised November 2024)
• Case

NextView Ventures

By: Jo Tango and Nori Gerardo Lietz

David Beisel, Rob Go, and Lee Hower are non-partners at different-and-established venture capital (VC) firms. They decide to leave their positions to start a new seed-stage VC firm. The case covers the genesis of the firm, the formulation of its strategy and... View Details

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Business Startups; Strategy

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Tango, Jo, and Nori Gerardo Lietz. "NextView Ventures." Harvard Business School Case 821-031, August 2020. (Revised November 2024.)

• Article

An Integrated Decision-Making Approach for Improving European Air Traffic Management

By: Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Bert De Reyck and Zeger Degraeve

We develop a multistakeholder, multicriteria decision-making framework for Eurocontrol, the European air traffic management organization, for evaluating and selecting operational improvements to the air traffic management system. The selected set of improvements will... View Details

Keywords: Decision Making; Framework; Operations; Performance Improvement; Government Administration; Air Transportation Industry; Europe

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Grushka-Cockayne, Yael, Bert De Reyck, and Zeger Degraeve. "An Integrated Decision-Making Approach for Improving European Air Traffic Management." Management Science 54, no. 8 (August 2008): 1395–1409.

• December 2017
• Article

Discordant vs. Harmonious Selves: The Effects of Identity Conflict and Enhancement on Sales Performance in Employee-Customer Interactions

By: Lakshmi Ramarajan, Nancy Rothbard and Steffanie Wilk

Across multiple studies, we examine how identity conflict and enhancement within people affect performance in tasks that involve interactions between people through two mechanisms: role-immersion, operationalized as intrinsic motivation, and role-taking,... View Details

Keywords: Identity; Interpersonal Communication; Sales; Performance

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Ramarajan, Lakshmi, Nancy Rothbard, and Steffanie Wilk. "Discordant vs. Harmonious Selves: The Effects of Identity Conflict and Enhancement on Sales Performance in Employee-Customer Interactions." Academy of Management Journal 60, no. 6 (December 2017): 2208–2238.

• December 2014
• Article

Private Equity, Jobs, and Productivity

By: Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger, Kyle Handley, Ron Jarmin, Josh Lerner and Javier Miranda

Private equity critics claim that leveraged buyouts bring huge job losses. To investigate this claim, we construct and analyze a new dataset that covers U.S. private equity transactions from 1980 to 2005. We track 3,200 target firms and their 150,000 establishments... View Details

Keywords: Private Equity; Leveraged Buyouts; Performance Productivity; Jobs and Positions; United States

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Davis, Steven J., John Haltiwanger, Kyle Handley, Ron Jarmin, Josh Lerner, and Javier Miranda. "Private Equity, Jobs, and Productivity." American Economic Review 104, no. 12 (December 2014): 3956–3990. (Earlier versions distributed as National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 17399 and Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 12-033.) (Originally called "Private Equity and Employment.")

Sustainability in the Boardroom

More and more companies recognize the importance of corporate responsibility to their long-term success—and yet the matter gets short shrift in most boardrooms, consistently ranking at the bottom of some two dozen possible priorities. Many years ago labor conditions... View Details

• Research Summary

Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt (with Fabio Kanczuk)

By: Laura Alfaro

Most models currently used to determine optimal foreign reserve holdings take the level of international debt as given. Some of the implications of this analysis, however, may not be generalized once one considers the joint decision to hold debt and reserves by a... View Details

• Article

Towards Robust and Reliable Algorithmic Recourse

By: Sohini Upadhyay, Shalmali Joshi and Himabindu Lakkaraju

As predictive models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes decision making (e.g., loan approvals), there has been growing interest in post-hoc techniques which provide recourse to affected individuals. These techniques generate recourses under the assumption... View Details

Keywords: Machine Learning Models; Algorithmic Recourse; Decision Making; Forecasting and Prediction

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Upadhyay, Sohini, Shalmali Joshi, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Towards Robust and Reliable Algorithmic Recourse." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).

• 2014
• Teaching Note

Bluestar's Acquisition of Adisseo (B) (TN)

By: F. Warren McFarlan, Donghong Li and Lei Li

This case describes the post-M&A integration of Adisseo of France in 2006 by Bluestar Group, the largest subsidiary of ChemChina (a Fortune 500 company) until 2013. Adisseo was mainly engaged in production of methionine, a feed additive, while China had no methionine... View Details

Keywords: Internationalization; Mergers ＆ Acquisitions; Postmerger Integration; Strategy; China; France; Chemicals; China; France

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McFarlan, F. Warren, Donghong Li, and Lei Li. "Bluestar's Acquisition of Adisseo (B) (TN)." Tsinghua University Teaching Note, 2014.

• 2011
• Article

Organizational Errors: Directions for Future Research

By: Paul S. Goodman, Rangaraj Ramanujam, John S. Carroll and Amy C. Edmondson

The goal of this paper is to promote research about organizational errors—i.e., the actions of multiple organizational participants that deviate from organizationally specified rules and can potentially result in adverse organizational outcomes. To that end, we advance... View Details

Keywords: Research; Organizations; Interests; Managerial Roles; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Management Practices and Processes; Learning

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Goodman, Paul S., Rangaraj Ramanujam, John S. Carroll, and Amy C. Edmondson. "Organizational Errors: Directions for Future Research." Research in Organizational Behavior 31 (2011): 151–176.

• 29 Nov 2016
• HBS Seminar

Aneeta Rattan, London Business School