Publications

August 2008 (Revised May 2009)
Background Note

U.S. and EU Trademark Protection

By: Robert C. Pozen and Jordan Hirsch

Rules governing trademark protection in the U.S. and EU differ substantially. This note describes the primary differences and their implications. View Details

Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Trademarks; European Union; United States

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July 2020 (Revised October 2020)
Case

Valentina Tereshkova: Conquering Space

By: Boris Groysberg and Annelena Lobb

On June 13, 1963, Valentina Tereshkova of the USSR became the first woman to fly in space on Vostok 6. Soviet leaders publicly espoused gender equity, but also sent Tereshkova on her mission in order to be the first country to send a woman to space, a milestone they... View Details

Keywords: Gender Equity; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Personal Development and Career; Aerospace Industry; Soviet Union; United States

September 2008 (Revised October 2008)
Background Note

Copyright Law in the U.S. and EU

By: Robert C. Pozen and Elizabeth Leonard

This note reviews the basic rules for copyright protection in both the U.S. and the EU. It outlines the works and rights protected, the fair use and first-sale limitations on copyright, as well as the application of these rules to software, video, recordings, and... View Details

Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Copyright; Laws and Statutes; European Union; United States

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February 2005
Article

European Integration and Corporate Restructuring: The Strategy of Unilever c1957-c1990

By: Geoffrey Jones and Peter Miskell

This article examines the role of the large Anglo-Dutch consumer products company in promoting European integration. It shows that Unilever contributed financially to campaigns to support the creation of the European Union, and its subsequent expansion, despite a... View Details

Keywords: Horizontal Integration; Organizations; Policy; Expansion; Market Transactions; Geographic Location; Restructuring; Competition; Brands and Branding; Production; Capital Structure; Value; Consumer Products Industry; European Union; United States

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February 2024 (Revised May 2024)
Case

Lina Khan at the FTC: Redefining Antitrust in the Age of Big Tech

By: Joseph L. Badaracco Jr. and Susan Pinckney

In 2023 and 2024, the Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice sued Google, Amazon, and Apple claiming antitrust violations. These lawsuits marked a shift in U.S. antitrust enforcement away from the Chicago School and towards the New Brandeis school of... View Details

Keywords: Transition; Government Administration; Lawsuits and Litigation; Monopoly; Technology Industry; United States; European Union; China; India

October 2020
Case

Fiscal Responses to COVID-19

By: Rawi Abdelal, Rafael Di Tella, Vincent Pons and Galit Goldstein

For the first half of 2020, the COVID-19 crisis seemed on the verge of spiraling out of control. The business world struggled to figure out what COVID meant for macroeconomics. Extended restrictions limiting human interaction meant an end to normal economic production,... View Details

Keywords: Fiscal Policy; COVID; COVID-19; Economic Analysis; Economic Downturn; Economic Conditions; Economic Governance; Economic Systems; Economy; Health Pandemics; Finance; Policy; United States; Germany; France; European Union

February 1997 (Revised December 2012)
Case

Jim Sharpe: Extrusion Technology, Inc. (A)

By: H. Kent Bowen and Barbara Feinberg

Jim Sharpe, 11 years after receiving his MBA from Harvard and working for others, has finally become his own boss and 100% owner of manufacturer of aluminum extrusions. After 10 months of an unfunded search, he acquires the business in an LBO and prepares to face his... View Details

Keywords: Acquisitions; Search Funds; Entrepreneurial Management; Entrepreneurs; Turnarounds; Bank Loan; Manufacturing; Metals Processing; Entrepreneurial Finance; Leveraged Buyouts; Labor Unions; Entrepreneurship; Financing and Loans; Crisis Management; Management Skills; Experience and Expertise; Borrowing and Debt; Manufacturing Industry

20 Feb 2013
Research & Ideas

Big Deal: Reflections on the Megamerger of American and US Airways

On February 14, US Airways and American Airlines put their names on a valentine to each other as they announced an $11 billion merger, a union that created the largest airline in the United States. For American, it was one more step in... View Details

Keywords: Re: Rosabeth M. Kanter & Stuart C. Gilson; Air Transportation

06 Oct 2015
First Look

October 6, 2015

European, and especially Eurozone, countries after the economic downturn that began in 2008. In fact, it was possible that both the euro currency union and the European political union depended on increasing... View Details

Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

26 Jul 2011
First Look

First Look: July 26

easy to solve were more likely to be selected. Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/10-047.pdf Cases & Course MaterialsMandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure in the European Union Robert G. Eccles,... View Details

Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

08 Aug 2017
First Look

First Look at Research and Ideas, August 8, 2017

remain attractive to doctors, insurance providers, and individual patients? Purchase this case:https://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/517065-PDF-ENG Harvard Business School Case 906-408 Brazil Sugar and the WTO: Agricultural Reform in the European View Details

Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

30 Apr 2007
Research & Ideas

All Eyes on Slovakia’s Flat Tax

early 1990s, many countries in the former Eastern Bloc went through breakthrough reforms, remarkable economic growth, and increasing macroeconomic stability. Further, many of the countries joined the European Union and hence took part of... View Details

Keywords: by Martha Lagace

June 1995
Case

Polaroid Corporation: European Distribution System

By: Janice H. Hammond and Afroze A Mohammed

Describes distribution operations in Polaroid Europe. In the late 1980s, Polaroid senior management in the United States proposed moving from a system of 12 decentralized warehouses to a centralized distribution system in which all inventory for European retailers... View Details

Keywords: Distribution; Operations; Risk Management; Distribution Channels; Logistics; Transition; Strategy; Problems and Challenges; Industry Structures; Consumer Products Industry; Europe; European Union; United States

August 1995
Teaching Note

Polaroid Corporation: European Distribution System TN

By: Janice H. Hammond and Afroze A Mohammed

Teaching Note for (9-695-038). View Details

Keywords: Consumer Products Industry; Europe; European Union; United States

November 2012
Case

Teaming at GE Aviation

By: Rakesh Khurana, Jeffrey Polzer, Willy Shih and Eric Baldwin

Describes the challenges and successes encountered by GE's Aviation business in implementing a teaming work structure and culture in plants across its supply chain. GE Aviation leadership had seen dramatic gains in productivity, quality, and worker satisfaction in... View Details

December 2014
Case

Henry A. Kissinger as Negotiator: Background and Key Accomplishments

By: James K. Sebenius and Laurence A. Green

Following a brief summary of Henry A. Kissinger's career, this case describes three of his most pivotal negotiations: the historic establishment of U.S. diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, the easing of geopolitical tension with the Soviet Union,... View Details

September 2012 (Revised July 2013)
Case

Can the Eurozone Survive?

By: Dante Roscini and Jonathan Schlefer

The sovereign debt crisis that took Greece by storm in 2010 began to spread to other European markets. Within a few months Ireland and Portugal had also lost access to the sovereign debt markets and had to rely on supranational loans for their financing. The risk of... View Details

Keywords: Sovereign Debt Crisis; Currency Areas; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Currency Exchange Rate; International Relations; Banking Industry; European Union; Germany; France; Italy; Spain; Greece; Portugal

2015
Report

Decoding the Iran Nuclear Deal: Key Questions, Points of Divergence, Pros and Cons, Pending Legislation, and Essential Facts

By: Gary Samore, Graham T. Allison, Matthew Bunn, Nicholas Burns, Shai Feldman, Chuck Freilich, Olli Heinonen, Martin B. Malin, Steven E. Miller, Payam Mohseni, Laura Rockwood, James K. Sebenius and William Tobey

On April 2, 2015, the EU (on behalf of the P5+1 countries) and Iran announced agreement on "key parameters" for a comprehensive nuclear deal with Iran. The EU-Iran Joint Statement is buttressed by unilateral fact sheets issued by the U.S. and Iran, which provide... View Details

Keywords: Negotiation; International Relations; Iran; United States; European Union