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  • April 1985 (Revised February 1990)
  • Background Note

Regulation and Competition in Commercial Banking

By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Dekkers L. Davidson
Keywords: Commercial Banking; Competition; Banking Industry
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  • 2010
  • Working Paper

Regulating for Legitimacy: Consumer Credit Access in France and America

By: J. Gunnar Trumbull
Theories of legitimate regulation have emphasized the role of governments either in fixing market failures to promote greater efficiency or in restricting the efficient functioning of markets in order to pursue public welfare goals. In either case, features of markets... View Details
Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Financial Markets; Personal Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business History; Business and Government Relations; Welfare; France; United States
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  • March 2002 (Revised July 2004)
  • Case

Price of Light, The: Privatization, Regulation and Valuation in Brazil

Asks students to produce a valuation for Rio Light, a Brazilian power company that is state owned and to be sold in March 1996. If successful, the privatization would bring in over $2 billion to the Brazilian treasury. But success was far from assured. Members of the... View Details
Keywords: Valuation; Energy Generation; Privatization; Corporate Governance; Energy Industry; Brazil
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

How ESG Issues Become Financially Material to Corporations and Their Investors

By: George Serafeim
Management and disclosure of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues have received substantial interest over the last decade. In this paper, we outline a framework of how ESG issues become financially material, affecting corporate profitability and valuation.... View Details
Keywords: Materiality; ESG; Pharmaceutical Companies; Business Ethics; Sustainability; Environment; Disclosure; Disclosure And Access; Regulation; Social Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Corporate Governance; Ethics; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Accountability; Resource Allocation; Finance; Accounting; Valuation
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  • 09 Jul 2020
  • Working Paper Summaries

How Should US Bank Regulators Respond to the COVID-19 Crisis?

Keywords: by Michael Blank, Samuel G. Hanson, Jeremy C. Stein, and Adi Sunderam
  • April 2013
  • Teaching Plan

Barclays and the LIBOR Scandal

By: Clayton S. Rose and Aldo Sesia
In the summer of 2012, Barclays plc, one of the largest banks in the world, agreed to settle with authorities and acknowledged that the firm had manipulated LIBOR (London Inter-Bank Offered Rate)—a benchmark reference rate that was fundamental to the operation of... View Details
Keywords: Financial Systems; Financial Services; Corruption; Regulation; General Management; Management; Leadership; Economic Systems; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Culture; Financial Services Industry; Financial Services Industry; United Kingdom
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  • 2024
  • Working Paper

The Financial Anatomy of Climate Solutions: A Large Language Model Approach to Company Classification and Analysis

By: Shirley Lu and George Serafeim
Leveraging advancements in large language models (LLM), we study the financial characteristics of firms offering climate solutions-products and services aimed at fostering a transition to a low-carbon economy. We use a new measure that applies LLM to 10-K Item 1... View Details
Keywords: Climate; Climate Finance; Innovation; Technology; Financial Statement Analysis; AI and Machine Learning; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Analysis; Financial Statements
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  • 2017
  • Working Paper

The Financial Regulatory Reform Agenda in 2017

By: Robin Greenwood, Samuel G. Hanson, Jeremy C. Stein and Adi Sunderam
We take stock of the post-crisis financial regulatory reform agenda. We highlight and summarize areas of clear progress, where post-crisis reforms should either be maintained or built upon. We then identify several areas where the new regulations could be streamlined... View Details
Keywords: Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; United States
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  • 2009
  • Article

An Evolutionary Approach to Financial History

Financial history is not conventionally thought of in evolutionary terms, but it should be. Traditional ways of thinking about finance, dating back to Hilferding, emphasize the importance of concentration and economies of scale. But these approaches overlook the rich... View Details
Keywords: History; Transformation; Finance
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  • 23 Jan 2006
  • Research & Ideas

Financial Reporting Goes Global

to write about globalization, accounting standards and, in particular, Indian accounting standards? Gregory Miller: Globalization is the major issue in determining the future of financial reporting. As View Details
Keywords: by Cynthia Churchwell; Financial Services; Financial Services
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Data Governance, Interoperability and Standardization: Organizational Adaptation to Privacy Regulation

By: Sam (Ruiqing) Cao and Marco Iansiti
The increasing availability of data can afford dynamic competitive advantages among data-intensive corporations, but governance bottlenecks hinder data-driven value creation and increase regulatory risks. We analyze the role of two technological features of data... View Details
Keywords: Organizations; Information Technology; Performance Productivity; Growth and Development; Transformation
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  • Research Summary

Financial Markets and Corporate Governance

By: Dwight B. Crane
Corporate scandals beginning in the late 1990s focused renewed attention on corporate governance, but significant cracks in the governance system also contributed to recent problems. Deregulation and growth of financial markets, as well as changes in the competitive... View Details
  • 2010
  • Book

Government and Markets: Toward a New Theory of Regulation

By: Edward J. Balleisen and David A. Moss
After two generations of emphasis on governmental inefficiency and the need for deregulation, we now see growing interest in the possibility of constructive governance, alongside public calls for new, smarter regulation. Yet there is a real danger that regulatory... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government and Politics; Markets; Business and Government Relations; Research
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  • 2010
  • Book

The Squam Lake Report: Fixing the Financial System

By: as part of the Squam Lake Working Group Scharfstein, David S.
In the fall of 2008, fifteen of the world's leading economists-representing the broadest spectrum of economic opinion-gathered at New Hampshire's Squam Lake. Their goal: the mapping of a long-term plan for financial regulation reform. The Squam Lake... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Financial Markets; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Government Relations
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  • 21 Jul 2010
  • Research & Ideas

HBS Faculty Debate Financial Reform Legislation

research on financial markets and regulation and who, in many cases, have held leadership positions in the financial sector, think about the bill and its intended (and... View Details
Keywords: by Staff
  • 2012
  • Working Paper

Mexico's Financial Crisis of 1994-1995

By: Aldo Musacchio
This paper explains the causes leading to the Mexican crisis of 1994-1995 (known as "The Tequila Crisis"), and its short- and long-term consequences. It argues that excessive enthusiasm on the part of foreign investors, not based on Mexico's fundamentals, and weak... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Foreign Direct Investment; Banks and Banking; Government and Politics; Currency Exchange Rate; Banking Industry; Mexico
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  • 12 Jan 2015
  • Research & Ideas

Regulators Ease Up on Companies Generating Political Benefits

of the financial scandals that propelled the recent economic collapse, Heese looked at enforcement by the Securities and Exchange Commission, asking why regulators were so amiss at monitoring firms'... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding
  • July 2001 (Revised October 2001)
  • Case

Policy Management Systems Corp.: The Financial Reporting Crisis

Tim Williams, the new CFO of a publicly-traded enterprise software company, attempts to rebuild his company's reputation for reliable financial reporting following a highly visible financial reporting crisis. The crisis begins with an earnings shortfall warning, which... View Details
Keywords: Accrual Accounting; Revenue Recognition; Capital Markets; Policy; Corporate Governance; Accounting Audits; Technology Industry
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  • October 2014
  • Case

CreditEase: Providing Credit and Financial Services for China's Underclass

By: Lena G. Goldberg, Paul Healy and Nancy Hua Dai
In 2013 Ning Tang, who in 2006 founded CreditEase as a broker of P2P loans to unbanked individuals and small businesses in China, confronts the challenges of rapid growth and expansion in a changing regulatory environment. CreditEase needs to develop technology to... View Details
Keywords: P2P Lending; HNW Products And Services; Business Growth; Business Start-ups; Government Regulation; Change Management; Credit; Microcredit; Banking; Innovation And Management; Developing Countries And Economies; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Law; Financing and Loans; Change; China
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  • 22 Jun 2009
  • Research & Ideas

“Too Big To Fail”: Reining In Large Financial Firms

system to an entirely new level," he warns. But Moss has a fix: The federal government should slap tough new regulations on all firms that pose "systemic risk" —the risk that a failure of one institution could wreak havoc across the... View Details
Keywords: by Roger Thompson; Financial Services; Financial Services

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