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- All HBS Web (432)
- Faculty Publications (193)
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- 30 Jan 2017
- Working Paper Summaries
The Environmental Legacies of The North Face's Doug Tompkins and Patagonia's Yvon Chouinard
- 10 Dec 2014
- Working Paper Summaries
Multi-sided Platforms
- March 2006
- Background Note
Customer-Introduced Variability in Service Operations
By: Frances X. Frei
Presents a typology of customer-introduced variability and offers guidance on how to manage each type. Central to the ideas developed is how to mitigate the effects of the apparent trade-off between reducing variability and diminishing the service experience or... View Details
Frei, Frances X. "Customer-Introduced Variability in Service Operations." Harvard Business School Background Note 606-063, March 2006.
- January 2007 (Revised October 2007)
- Case
Procter & Gamble: Organization 2005 (A)
By: Mikolaj Jan Piskorski and Alessandro L. Spadini
In response to a huge crisis in 2000, the new CEO of Procter & Gamble has to decide whether to continue with an unusual organizational design or to revert to the old matrix organization. Describes all the organizational designs used by Procter & Gamble from the 1920s... View Details
Keywords: Global Strategy; Globalized Firms and Management; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure
Piskorski, Mikolaj Jan, and Alessandro L. Spadini. "Procter & Gamble: Organization 2005 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 707-519, January 2007. (Revised October 2007.)
- 2015
- Working Paper
What Do Private Equity Firms Say They Do?
By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
We survey 79 private equity investors with combined assets under management (AUM) of over $750 billion about their practices in firm valuation, capital structure, governance, and value creation. Investors rely primarily on internal rate of return (IRR) and multiples to... View Details
Keywords: Governance; Value Creation; Private Equity; Capital Structure; Valuation; Management Practices and Processes
Gompers, Paul A., Steven N. Kaplan, and Vladimir Mukharlyamov. "What Do Private Equity Firms Say They Do?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-081, April 2015.
- January 2015
- Case
Brentwood Associates: Exiting Zoës Kitchen
By: Joan Farre-Mensa and Stephanie Siu
The case discusses the trade-offs associated with the different exit options that private equity firm Brentwood Associates contemplated for its investment in Zoës Kitchen during the summer of 2013: an IPO, a sale to a strategic or financial acquirer, or waiting a few... View Details
Farre-Mensa, Joan, and Stephanie Siu. "Brentwood Associates: Exiting Zoës Kitchen." Harvard Business School Case 815-102, January 2015.
- September 2004
- Case
Valhalla Partners Due Diligence
By: William A. Sahlman and Dan Heath
The Valhalla Partners venture capitial firm introduced a new approach to the due-diligence process. An internal due-diligence report analyzes Telco Exchange, a startup company in the IT software space. An extended excerpt examines the trade-offs involved in the new... View Details
Keywords: Communication Technology; Risk Management; Venture Capital; Business Plan; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Investment; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Corporate Finance; Financial Services Industry; Telecommunications Industry
Sahlman, William A., and Dan Heath. "Valhalla Partners Due Diligence." Harvard Business School Case 805-033, September 2004.
- November 2009
- Case
VF Brands: Global Supply Chain Strategy
By: Gary P. Pisano and Pamela Adams
This case examines VF Brands global supply chain strategy. Historically, VF has used a combination of in-house manufacturing and traditional arms-length sourcing arrangements. At the time of the case, the company is considering a third approach to supplier relations... View Details
Keywords: Global Strategy; Logistics; Supply Chain Management; Partners and Partnerships; Cooperation; Vertical Integration; Apparel and Accessories Industry
Pisano, Gary P., and Pamela Adams. "VF Brands: Global Supply Chain Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 610-022, November 2009.
- 26 Jan 2019
- Working Paper Summaries
Marketplace Scalability and Strategic Use of Platform Investment
Keywords: by Jin Li, Gary P. Pisano, and Feng Zhu
- October 1981 (Revised June 1985)
- Case
Walton Instruments Manufacturing--1980
Provides an opportunity for students to examine the impact of different manufacturing control methods on the manufacturing infrastructure. Information flow, inventory control, quality control and process flows interact and different trade-offs are examined. Introduces... View Details
Jaikumar, Ramchandran. "Walton Instruments Manufacturing--1980." Harvard Business School Case 682-027, October 1981. (Revised June 1985.)
- October 1989 (Revised November 2006)
- Background Note
Channel Management
By: Frank V. Cespedes
Written as an introduction to a module concerning channel management for the second-year MBA elective in Marketing Implementation. Discusses: 1) reasons for the growth of multichannel systems in marketing efforts, 2) key components and choices in channel management, 3)... View Details
Keywords: Marketing Channels
Cespedes, Frank V. "Channel Management." Harvard Business School Background Note 590-045, October 1989. (Revised November 2006.)
- 2012
- Article
The Cost and Timing of Financial Distress
By: Christopher Parsons
Assessments of the trade-off theory have typically compared the present value of tax benefits to the present value of bankruptcy costs. We verify that this comparison overwhelmingly favors tax benefits, suggesting that firms are under-leveraged. However, when we... View Details
Parsons, Christopher. "The Cost and Timing of Financial Distress." Journal of Financial Economics 105, no. 1 (July 2012): 62–81.
- April 1985 (Revised October 1988)
- Case
Everest Computer (A): The Development of the SuperMOS Process
By: Kim B. Clark
The research and development lab at the semiconductor development and manufacturing facility of a computer systems manufacturer has embarked on a radically improved semiconductor manufacturing process for application in a new computer system. The case offers a detailed... View Details
- Teaching Interest
Harvard Business Online: Business Strategy
Business Strategy equips current and aspiring managers and consultants with a simplified framework they can immediately apply to create value for customers, employees, and suppliers while maximizing returns and an organization’s competitive edge. The course features... View Details
- June 2005 (Revised June 2006)
- Case
Ducati Corse: The Making of a Grand Prix Motorcycle
By: Francesca Gino and Gary P. Pisano
Examines the product development strategy and processes of the Ducati motorcycle racing team during the 2003-2004 Grand Prix seasons. Invites discussion of appropriate design and development strategies to facilitate learning across product generations. Specifically,... View Details
Keywords: Design; Business Strategy; Product Marketing; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Motorcycle Industry; Italy
Gino, Francesca, and Gary P. Pisano. "Ducati Corse: The Making of a Grand Prix Motorcycle." Harvard Business School Case 605-090, June 2005. (Revised June 2006.)
- January 2010
- Article
Open vs. Closed Innovation: A Model of Discovery and Divergence
By: Esteve Almirall and Ramon Casadesus-Masanell
When is open innovation superior to closed innovation? Through a formal simulation model, we show that an open approach to innovation allows the firm to discover combinations of product features that would be hard to envision under integration. However, when partners... View Details
Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Partners and Partnerships; Goals and Objectives; Cost vs Benefits; Integration; Product
Almirall, Esteve, and Ramon Casadesus-Masanell. "Open vs. Closed Innovation: A Model of Discovery and Divergence." Academy of Management Review 35, no. 1 (January 2010): 27–47.
- September–October 2023
- Article
What Does 'Stakeholder Capitalism' Mean to You?: A Guide to the Four Main Types
By: Lynn S. Paine
Business leaders are being urged to adopt a multistakeholder approach to governance in place of the shareholder-centered approach that has guided their work for several decades. But through hundreds of interviews with directors, executives, investors, governance... View Details
Keywords: Stakeholder Capitalism; Corporate Governance; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Organizational Structure; Trust
Paine, Lynn S. "What Does 'Stakeholder Capitalism' Mean to You? A Guide to the Four Main Types." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 5 (September–October 2023): 108–119. (Reprinted in HBR’s 10 Must Reads 2025: The Definitive Management Ideas of the Year from Harvard Business Review 2025, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Review Press, 2025, pp. 115-132.))
- January 11, 2024
- Article
Understanding the Tradeoffs of the Amazon Antitrust Case
By: Chiara Farronato, Andrey Fradkin, Andrei Hagiu and Dionne Lomax
Regulators in the United States and Europe have been taking on Big Tech, challenging what they say are the companies’ anti-competitive and predatory strategies that harm consumers and third-party users of their platforms. This article examines the FTC’s case against... View Details
Keywords: Monopoly; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Market Design; Lawsuits and Litigation
Farronato, Chiara, Andrey Fradkin, Andrei Hagiu, and Dionne Lomax. "Understanding the Tradeoffs of the Amazon Antitrust Case." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (January 11, 2024).
- May 1994
- Background Note
Segmenting Customers in Mature Industrial Markets: An Application
In mature industrial markets, segmenting customers by size, industry, or product benefits alone rarely is sufficient. Customer behavior regarding trade-offs between price and service also becomes an important criterion. This note offers a framework to enable such... View Details
Keywords: Segmentation; Framework; Consumer Behavior; Marketing Strategy; Industrial Products Industry
Rangan, V. Kasturi. "Segmenting Customers in Mature Industrial Markets: An Application." Harvard Business School Background Note 594-089, May 1994.
- May–June 2023
- Article
Analytics for Marketers: When to Rely on Algorithms and When to Trust Your Gut
By: Fabrizio Fantini and Das Narayandas
Advanced analytics can help companies solve a host of management problems, including those related to marketing, sales, and supply-chain operations, which can lead to a sustainable competitive advantage. But as more data becomes available and advanced analytics are... View Details
Fantini, Fabrizio, and Das Narayandas. "Analytics for Marketers: When to Rely on Algorithms and When to Trust Your Gut." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 3 (May–June 2023): 82–91.