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    • All HBS Web  (267)
      • Faculty Publications  (63)

      Simulation ModelsRemove Simulation Models →

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      • November 2015
      • Article

      The Highest Form of Intelligence: Sarcasm Increases Creativity for Both Expressers and Recipients

      By: Li Huang, F. Gino and Adam D. Galinsky
      Sarcasm is ubiquitous in organizations. Despite its prevalence, we know surprisingly little about the cognitive experiences of sarcastic expressers and recipients or their behavioral implications. The current research proposes and tests a novel theoretical model in... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Cognition and Thinking
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      Huang, Li, F. Gino, and Adam D. Galinsky. "The Highest Form of Intelligence: Sarcasm Increases Creativity for Both Expressers and Recipients." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 131 (November 2015): 162–177.
      • Article

      De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Heterogeneity in Preferences and Optimal Redistribution

      By: Benjamin B Lockwood and Matthew Weinzierl
      The prominent but unproven intuition that preference heterogeneity reduces redistribution in a standard optimal tax model is shown to hold under the plausible condition that the distribution of preferences for consumption relative to leisure rises, in terms of... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Income; Decision Choices and Conditions; Consumer Behavior; Taxation; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics
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      Lockwood, Benjamin B., and Matthew Weinzierl. "De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Heterogeneity in Preferences and Optimal Redistribution." Journal of Public Economics 124 (April 2015): 74–80. (Also NBER Working Paper Series, No. 17784, September 2014 and Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-063, January 2012.)
      • 2013
      • Dissertation

      Designing Freemium: A Model of Consumer Usage, Upgrade, and Referral Dynamics

      By: Clarence Lee, Vineet Kumar and Sunil Gupta
      Abstract. Over the past decade "freemium" (free + premium) has become the dominant business model among internet start-ups for its ability to acquire and monetize a large install-base with limited marketing resources. Freemium is a hybrid strategy where a firm offers... View Details
      Keywords: Discrete-Continuous Choice Dynamic Structural Models; Bayesian Estimation; Word-of-Mouth; Digital Services; Freemium; Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Motivation and Incentives; Marketing Strategy; Internet and the Web; Consumer Behavior; Marketing Reference Programs; Business Startups
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      Lee, Clarence, Vineet Kumar, and Sunil Gupta. "Designing Freemium: A Model of Consumer Usage, Upgrade, and Referral Dynamics." Diss., Harvard Business School, 2013. (Job Market Paper.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      ~Why Do We Redistribute so Much but Tag so Little? Normative Diversity, Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation

      By: Matthew Weinzierl
      Tagging is a free lunch in conventional optimal tax theory because it eases the classic tradeoff between efficiency and equality. But tagging is used in only limited ways in tax policy. I propose one explanation: conventional optimal tax theory has yet to capture the... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Cost; Framework; Policy; Taxation; Analytics and Data Science; Performance Efficiency; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew. "~Why Do We Redistribute so Much but Tag so Little? Normative Diversity, Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-064, January 2012. (Revised August 2012. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18045, August 2012)
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Heterogeneity in Preferences and Optimal Redistribution

      By: Benjamin B Lockwood and Matthew Weinzierl
      The prominent but unproven intuition that preference heterogeneity reduces redistribution in a standard optimal tax model is shown to hold under the plausible condition that the distribution of preferences for consumption relative to leisure rises, in terms of... View Details
      Keywords: Spending; Policy; Taxation; Theory; United States
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      Lockwood, Benjamin B., and Matthew Weinzierl. "De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Heterogeneity in Preferences and Optimal Redistribution." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-063, January 2012. (Updated September 2014. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 17784. Published in Journal of Public Economics.)
      • 2012
      • Article

      The Excess Burden of Government Indecision

      By: Francisco J. Gomes, Laurence J. Kotlikoff and Luis M. Viceira
      Governments are known for procrastinating when it comes to resolving painful policy problems. Whatever the political motives for waiting to decide, procrastination distorts economic decisions relative to what would arise with early policy resolution. In so doing, it... View Details
      Keywords: Saving; Risk and Uncertainty; Investment Portfolio; Decision Choices and Conditions; Retirement; Policy; Government and Politics
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      Gomes, Francisco J., Laurence J. Kotlikoff, and Luis M. Viceira. "The Excess Burden of Government Indecision." Tax Policy and the Economy 26 (2012): 125–163.
      • May 2011
      • Article

      Nonsimultaneous Chains and Dominos in Kidney Paired Donation—Revisited

      By: Itai Ashlagi, Duncan S. Gilchrist, Alvin E. Roth and Michael A. Rees
      Since 2008 kidney exchange in America has grown in part from the incorporation of non-directed donors in transplant chains rather than simple exchanges. It is controversial whether these chains should be performed simultaneously ("domino paired donation," DPD) or... View Details
      Keywords: ABO Incompatibility; Allosensitization; Paired Kidney Exchange; Regional Sharing; Simulation Models; Transplantation Policy; Health Care and Treatment; Supply Chain; Risk and Uncertainty; Logistics; United States
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      Ashlagi, Itai, Duncan S. Gilchrist, Alvin E. Roth, and Michael A. Rees. "Nonsimultaneous Chains and Dominos in Kidney Paired Donation—Revisited." American Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 5 (May 2011): 984–994.
      • February 2010
      • Supplement

      Real Property Negotiation Game (CW): Excel Model

      By: Arthur I. Segel, John Vogel and Justin Seth Ginsburgh
      This Excel model is used to analyze the deals made in The Real Property Negotiation Game, which simulates the experience negotiating the sale, purchase, or financing of a property. View Details
      Keywords: Property; Negotiation Deal; Sales; Financing and Loans; Mathematical Methods; Real Estate Industry
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      Segel, Arthur I., John Vogel, and Justin Seth Ginsburgh. "Real Property Negotiation Game (CW): Excel Model." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 210-703, February 2010.
      • January 2010
      • Article

      Open vs. Closed Innovation: A Model of Discovery and Divergence

      By: Esteve Almirall and Ramon Casadesus-Masanell
      When is open innovation superior to closed innovation? Through a formal simulation model, we show that an open approach to innovation allows the firm to discover combinations of product features that would be hard to envision under integration. However, when partners... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Partners and Partnerships; Goals and Objectives; Cost vs Benefits; Integration; Product
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      Almirall, Esteve, and Ramon Casadesus-Masanell. "Open vs. Closed Innovation: A Model of Discovery and Divergence." Academy of Management Review 35, no. 1 (January 2010): 27–47.
      • December 2009
      • Article

      Strategy-proofness versus Efficiency in Matching with Indifferences: Redesigning the NYC High School Match

      By: Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Parag A. Pathak and Alvin E. Roth
      The design of the New York City (NYC) High School match involved tradeoffs among efficiency, stability, and strategy-proofness that raise new theoretical questions. We analyze a model with indifferences—ties—in school preferences. Simulations with field data and the... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Secondary Education; Marketplace Matching; Performance Efficiency; Mathematical Methods; Motivation and Incentives; Strategy; Balance and Stability
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      Abdulkadiroglu, Atila, Parag A. Pathak, and Alvin E. Roth. "Strategy-proofness versus Efficiency in Matching with Indifferences: Redesigning the NYC High School Match." American Economic Review 99, no. 5 (December 2009). (AER links to access the Appendix and Downloadable Data Set.)
      • February 2009 (Revised May 2010)
      • Case

      Orange: Read&Go

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann, Toby E. Stuart, Bhaskar Chakravorti, Vincent Marie Dessain, Simon Harrow and Elena Corsi
      In late 2008, Orange (aka France Telecom) must decide if launching Read&Go, an electronic newsstand built around an e-paper reader, would be successful. The case describes (1) Orange's strategy; (2) the company's new product development process; (3) e-paper technology,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Technological Innovation; Demand and Consumers; Product Development; Partners and Partnerships; Competition; Publishing Industry; France
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R., Toby E. Stuart, Bhaskar Chakravorti, Vincent Marie Dessain, Simon Harrow, and Elena Corsi. "Orange: Read&Go." Harvard Business School Case 809-122, February 2009. (Revised May 2010.)
      • January 2009
      • Journal Article

      The Fiscal Impact of High-skilled Emigration: Flows of Indians to the U.S.

      By: Mihir Desai, D. Kapur, J. McHale and K Rogers
      Easing immigration restrictions for the highly skilled in developed countries portends a future of increased human capital outflows from developing countries. The myriad consequences of these developments for developing countries include the direct loss of the fiscal... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Diasporas; Developing Countries and Economies; Taxation; Compensation and Benefits; Human Capital; Mathematical Methods; India; United States
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      Desai, Mihir, D. Kapur, J. McHale, and K Rogers. "The Fiscal Impact of High-skilled Emigration: Flows of Indians to the U.S." Journal of Development Economics 88, no. 1 (January 2009).
      • January 2008
      • Background Note

      Convertible Arbitrage

      By: Joshua Coval and Erik Stafford
      The goal of this simulation is to understand how convertible bonds can be viewed as a portfolio of simpler securities and to introduce an over-the-counter market. The convertible bonds that are available during the simulation are at-the-money and in-the-money so that... View Details
      Keywords: Bonds; Investment Portfolio; Price; Risk Management; Mathematical Methods
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      Coval, Joshua, and Erik Stafford. "Convertible Arbitrage." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-116, January 2008.
      • January 2008
      • Background Note

      Equity Derivatives

      By: Joshua Coval and Erik Stafford
      The goal of these simulations is to understand the dynamic replication technique behind the Black-Scholes/Merton options model. The simulations focus on a single stock and a risk-free discount bond, which are used to replicate a contingent payoff. The underlying stock... View Details
      Keywords: Equity; Bonds; Stocks; Price; Risk Management
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      Coval, Joshua, and Erik Stafford. "Equity Derivatives." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-117, January 2008.
      • November 2007
      • Background Note

      Asset Allocation I

      By: Joshua D. Coval, Erik Stafford, Rodrigo Osmo, John Jernigan, Zack Page and Paulo Passoni
      The goal of these simulations is to understand the mathematics of mean-variance optimization and the equilibrium pricing of risk if all investors use this rule with common information sets. Simulation A focuses on five to 10 years of monthly sector returns that are... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Pricing; Capital; Investment Return; Risk Management; Mathematical Methods
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      Coval, Joshua D., Erik Stafford, Rodrigo Osmo, John Jernigan, Zack Page, and Paulo Passoni. "Asset Allocation I." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-086, November 2007.
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Coupled Search Processes: Why Is it so Difficult to Find that Organizational Design Matters?

      By: Nicolaj Siggelkow and Jan Rivkin
      Organizational design affects performance via coupled search processes. At low frequency, managers search for appropriate organizational designs. At higher frequency, managers use designs to search for high-performing operational choices. The two searches are coupled:... View Details
      Keywords: Competency and Skills; Operations; Organizational Design; Performance; Networks; Research; Cognition and Thinking; Strategy
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      Siggelkow, Nicolaj, and Jan Rivkin. "Coupled Search Processes: Why Is it so Difficult to Find that Organizational Design Matters?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-106, June 2007.
      • February 2007
      • Background Note

      BASIX Simulation Model

      By: Peter Tufano and Shawn A. Cole
      Explains how to use Crystal Ball to simulate the insurance decision in the BASIX case. View Details
      Keywords: Insurance; Business Model; Valuation; Decisions; Finance; Insurance Industry
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      Tufano, Peter, and Shawn A. Cole. "BASIX Simulation Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 207-108, February 2007.
      • February 2003 (Revised October 2004)
      • Background Note

      Antamini Simulation Model

      By: Peter Tufano
      Antamini is a simulation of the value of an investment project whose outcome is uncertain. This case describes the situation facing a natural resource firm as it contemplates bidding on a copper mine in Peru. The bidder faces uncertainties about the ore deposit size... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Auctions; Investment; Mining; Mining Industry; Peru
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      Tufano, Peter. "Antamini Simulation Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 203-083, February 2003. (Revised October 2004.)
      • January 1984
      • Article

      A Simulation Analysis of Alternative Pricing Strategies for Dynamic Environments

      By: Robert J. Dolan
      Researchers of the strategic implications of the well-known demand (e.g., adoption and diffusion) and supply (e.g., experience effects) dynamics have typically sought analytical solutions. Their success in this has been achieved partly by limiting the richness of the... View Details
      Keywords: Demand and Consumers; Price; Mathematical Methods; Supply and Industry
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      Dolan, Robert J. "A Simulation Analysis of Alternative Pricing Strategies for Dynamic Environments." Journal of Business 57, no. 1 (January 1984).
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      Imagining the Future: Memory, Simulation and Beliefs

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Giovanni Burro, Katherine B. Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
      How do people form beliefs about novel risks, with which they have little or no experience? Motivated by survey data on beliefs about Covid we collected in 2020, we build a model based on the psychology of selective memory. When a person thinks about an event,... View Details
      Keywords: Expectations; Memory; COVID-19 Pandemic; Risk and Uncertainty; Cognition and Thinking
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Giovanni Burro, Katherine B. Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Imagining the Future: Memory, Simulation and Beliefs." Review of Economic Studies (forthcoming). (Pre-published online June 27, 2024.)
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