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      • 2018
      • Introduction

      Introduction

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      BOOK ABSTRACT: When Istvan Hont died in 2013, the world lost a giant of intellectual history. A leader of the Cambridge School of Political Thought, Hont argued passionately for a global-historical approach to political ideas. To better understand the development of... View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Moral Sensibility; Government and Politics; Trade; History
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      Reinert, Sophus A. "Introduction." Introduction to Markets, Morals, Politics: Jealousy of Trade and the History of Political Thought, edited by Béla Kapossy, Isaac Nakhimovsky, Sophus A. Reinert, and Richard Whatmore, 1–22. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.
      • 2018
      • Book

      Markets, Morals, Politics: Jealousy of Trade and the History of Political Thought

      By: Béla Kapossy, Isaac Nakhimovsky, Sophus A. Reinert and Richard Whatmore
      When Istvan Hont died in 2013, the world lost a giant of intellectual history. A leader of the Cambridge School of Political Thought, Hont argued passionately for a global-historical approach to political ideas. To better understand the development of liberalism, he... View Details
      Keywords: Morals; Politics; Istvan Hont; Jealousy Of Trade; Enlightenment; Economic Nationalism; Markets; Moral Sensibility; Government and Politics; Trade; History
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      Kapossy, Béla, Isaac Nakhimovsky, Sophus A. Reinert and Richard Whatmore, eds. Markets, Morals, Politics: Jealousy of Trade and the History of Political Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.
      • December 2017 (Revised January 2025)
      • Course Overview Note

      Business, Government, and the International Economy (BGIE)

      By: Matthew Weinzierl, Sophus A. Reinert and Alberto Cavallo
      Keywords: Business and Government Relations; International Relations; Trade
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      Weinzierl, Matthew, Sophus A. Reinert, and Alberto Cavallo. "Business, Government, and the International Economy (BGIE)." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 718-033, December 2017. (Revised January 2025.)
      • December 2017 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Globalization Past, 1850–1914 (A)

      By: Sophus A. Reinert and Federica Gabrieli
      On the evening of 3 August 1914, British Foreign Secretary Lord Edward Grey contemplated whether to advise King and Parliament to declare war on Germany in the wake of the country’s invasion of Belgium or to stay out of what quickly was becoming a world war triggered... View Details
      Keywords: The World; The Rise And Fall Of Globalization; World War; Globalization; War; Economics; Trade; Business Cycles; Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Society; History; Values and Beliefs; Macroeconomics
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      Reinert, Sophus A., and Federica Gabrieli. "Globalization Past, 1850–1914 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 718-023, December 2017. (Revised January 2024.)
      • October 2017 (Revised September 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      Fuyao Glass America: Sourcing Decision

      By: Willy Shih
      This case is about globalization: a Chinese company has decided to locate a production facility close to its customers in the U.S., but a recent contract bid means it will lose money, at least initially, by supplying product from that factory. The purpose of this case... View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chains; Labor Market; Labor Supply; Arbitrage; Tradable Sector; Supply Chain Management; Supply Chain; Labor; Globalization; Globalized Markets and Industries; Geographic Location; Auto Industry; United States; China
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      Shih, Willy. "Fuyao Glass America: Sourcing Decision." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 618-032, October 2017. (Revised September 2022.)
      • September 2017
      • Case

      Christine Lagarde

      By: Julie Battilana, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas and Noemie Assenat
      The case covers the youth and career trajectory of Christine Lagarde across her time at Baker & McKenzie, as a minister in the government of France and as the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The case highlights the challenges and opportunities she faced... View Details
      Keywords: Change; Personal Development and Career; Power and Influence; Leadership; Gender; Leading Change
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      Battilana, Julie, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas, and Noemie Assenat. "Christine Lagarde." Harvard Business School Case 418-007, September 2017.
      • January 2017
      • Article

      Beyond Zeroes and Ones: The Intensity and Dynamics of Civil Conflict

      By: Stephen Chaudoin, Zachary Peskowitz and Christopher Stanton
      There is a tremendous amount of variation in conflict intensity both across and within civil conflicts. Some conflicts result in huge numbers of battle deaths, while others do not. Conflict intensity is also dynamic. Conflict intensity escalates, deescalates, and... View Details
      Keywords: Civil Wars; Political Economy; Conflict; Trade Interdependence; War; Microeconomics
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      Chaudoin, Stephen, Zachary Peskowitz, and Christopher Stanton. "Beyond Zeroes and Ones: The Intensity and Dynamics of Civil Conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 1 (January 2017): 56–83.
      • May 2016
      • Supplement

      2016 Update: Argentina Turns the Page

      By: David E. Bell, Forest Reinhardt and Natalie Kindred
      This brief case is a supplement to “Cresud and Argentina” (515-043) and “Note on Agriculture in Argentina” (515-069). Set in early 2016, it describes developments in Argentina under newly elected President Mauricio Macri, including the country’s return to international... View Details
      Keywords: Argentina; " Cresud; Agriculture; Economic Reform; Economic Policy; Land Investment; Macri; Currency; Agribusiness; Diversification; Economy; Emerging Markets; Credit; Currency Exchange Rate; Investment; Business and Government Relations; Government and Politics; Inflation and Deflation; Trade; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Argentina; Buenos Aires; South America
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      Bell, David E., Forest Reinhardt, and Natalie Kindred. "2016 Update: Argentina Turns the Page." Harvard Business School Supplement 716-077, May 2016.
      • October 2015
      • Article

      The Multinational Firm and Geopolitics: Europe, Russian Energy, and Power

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Multinational firms unavoidably exert influence over politics through power that is generated by both structure and process. While both political economy and management scholars address international firms, neither field has an adequate understanding of the reciprocal... View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Government and Politics; Economics; Europe; Russia
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "The Multinational Firm and Geopolitics: Europe, Russian Energy, and Power." Business and Politics 17, no. 3 (October 2015): 553–576.
      • September 2015 (Revised July 2017)
      • Case

      The TTIP: Bridging the Transatlantic Economy

      By: Dante Roscini and Christina Marin
      In 2016, the United States and the European Union struggled to reach an agreement over the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Started in June 2013, TTIP negotiations had gone on much longer than anyone had expected. With elections coming on both... View Details
      Keywords: International Trade; European Union; United States; Agreements and Arrangements; Trade; United States; European Union
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      Roscini, Dante, and Christina Marin. "The TTIP: Bridging the Transatlantic Economy." Harvard Business School Case 716-026, September 2015. (Revised July 2017.)
      • August 2015 (Revised January 2017)
      • Background Note

      Evolving Trends in Global Trade

      By: Dante Roscini and Annelena Lobb
      The note, while not intended to be historically comprehensive, explores the regulation of international trade from the period after World War II to developments in 2010, focusing on shifts in trade theory and policy as well as economic benefits and disadvantages... View Details
      Keywords: Trade Negotiations; Development Economics; Developing Countries and Economies; Governance; Negotiation; Globalization; Trade; Policy; History; Europe; Latin America; North and Central America; Asia; Africa; China
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      Roscini, Dante, and Annelena Lobb. "Evolving Trends in Global Trade." Harvard Business School Background Note 716-024, August 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
      • May–June 2015
      • Article

      Dead Weight: How Greece Wound up Trapped in the European Union

      By: Debora L. Spar
      In the early 1990s, Greece fell far afield of the economic criteria laid out by the Maastricht Treaty, the EU's founding document. In 1999, when the European monetary union was launched, Greece failed to meet the criteria again, but managed to squeeze into the body two... View Details
      Keywords: EU; Geopolitics; Economic Conditions; Economy; Financial Crisis; Greece; European Union
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      Spar, Debora L. "Dead Weight: How Greece Wound up Trapped in the European Union." Foreign Policy 212 (May–June 2015).
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Full Substitutability

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky and Alexander Westkamp
      Various forms of substitutability are essential for establishing the existence of equilibria and other useful properties in diverse settings such as matching, auctions, and exchange economies with indivisible goods. We extend earlier models' canonical definitions of... View Details
      Keywords: Market Design; Balance and Stability
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky, and Alexander Westkamp. "Full Substitutability." Working Paper, May 2015.
      • April 2015
      • Tutorial

      Introduction to International Macroeconomics

      By: Laura Alfaro and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This tutorial is a web-based, interactive program which will provide students with an introduction to the basic principles of macroeconomics and international macroeconomics. View Details
      Keywords: International Macroeconomics; International Economy; Current Account; Unemployment; Inflation; Monetary Policy; Fiscal Policy; Gdp; Macroeconomics; Money; Business Cycles; Inflation and Deflation; Trade
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. Introduction to International Macroeconomics. Harvard Business School Tutorial 715-702, April 2015.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis

      By: Laura Alfaro, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor and Paola Conconi
      In recent decades, advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the... View Details
      Keywords: Global Value Chains; Sequential Production; Incomplete Contracts; Demand and Consumers; Customer Value and Value Chain; Globalization
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      Alfaro, Laura, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor, and Paola Conconi. "Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-028, September 2015. (Updated October 2017. See Online Appendix. Also NBER Working Paper 21582. Forthcoming in the Journal of Political Economy.)
      • April 2015
      • Teaching Note

      International Macroeconomics — An Online Tutorial

      By: Laura Alfaro and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This is the Teaching Note to accompany "International Macroeconomics", HBS Tutorial 715-702. View Details
      Keywords: International Macroeconomics; International Economy; Current Account; Unemployment; Inflation; Monetary Policy; Fiscal Policy; Gdp; Macroeconomics; Money; Business Cycles; Inflation and Deflation; Trade
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "International Macroeconomics — An Online Tutorial." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 715-048, April 2015.
      • September 2014 (Revised September 2015)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Morocco

      By: Jill Avery, Tonia Junker and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Morocco. It highlights Morocco's ongoing economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2014 in the context of its historical, political, and cultural background. The case summarizes some of... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Market; Emerging Economies; Africa; Global Strategy; Operations Management; Development Economics; Geographic Scope; Globalization; Business History; Emerging Markets; Market Entry and Exit; Operations; Strategy; Auto Industry; Africa; Morocco
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      Avery, Jill, Tonia Junker, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Doing Business in Morocco." Harvard Business School Case 315-007, September 2014. (Revised September 2015.)
      • Article

      Analyzing Scrip Systems

      By: Kris Johnson, David Simchi-Levi and Peng Sun
      Scrip systems provide a nonmonetary trade economy for exchange of resources. We model a scrip system as a stochastic game and study system design issues on selection rules to match potential trade partners over time. We show the optimality of one particular rule in... View Details
      Keywords: "Repeated Games"; Stochastic Trust Game; Dynamic Program; P2P Lending; Scrip Systems; Artificial Currency; Non-monetary Trade Economies; Marketplace Matching; Currency; Operations; Game Theory
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      Johnson, Kris, David Simchi-Levi, and Peng Sun. "Analyzing Scrip Systems." Operations Research 62, no. 3 (May–June 2014): 524–534.
      • March 2014 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Ukraine: On the Border of Europe and Eurasia

      By: Rawi Abdelal, Rafael M. Di Tella, Sogomon Tarontsi and Lavinia Teodorescu
      In the fall of 2013, the people of Ukraine disagreed passionately whether their country should intensify ties with the European Union or Russia. After President Yanukovych rejected the free trade agreement with the EU in November, thousands of Ukrainians peacefully... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Judgments; Geopolitical Units; Country; Globalization; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Globalized Markets and Industries; Government and Politics; International Relations; National Security; Growth and Development; History; Europe; Ukraine; European Union; Russia
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      Abdelal, Rawi, Rafael M. Di Tella, Sogomon Tarontsi, and Lavinia Teodorescu. "Ukraine: On the Border of Europe and Eurasia." Harvard Business School Case 714-042, March 2014. (Revised January 2025.)
      • March 2013 (Revised January 2015)
      • Technical Note

      Business and Government: Campaign Contributions and Lobbying in the United States

      By: Karthik Ramanna, Sandra J. Sucher and Ian McKown Cornell
      This note on business-government relations introduces students to the state of campaign contributions and lobbying by corporations in the United States. The note develops two hypotheses as to the impact of corporate political engagement: (i) a vehicle to facilitate... View Details
      Keywords: Political Economy; Business and Government Relations; Government and Politics; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Ramanna, Karthik, Sandra J. Sucher, and Ian McKown Cornell. "Business and Government: Campaign Contributions and Lobbying in the United States." Harvard Business School Technical Note 113-037, March 2013. (Revised January 2015.)
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