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Publications

Publications

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    • Faculty Publications  (63)

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    • All HBS Web  (251)
      • Faculty Publications  (63)

      Firm HeterogeneityRemove Firm Heterogeneity →

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      • October 2013
      • Article

      How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure

      By: Anil R. Doshi, Glen W.S. Dowell and Michael W. Toffel
      Mandatory information disclosure regulations seek to create institutional pressure to spur performance improvement. By examining how organizational characteristics moderate establishments' responses to a prominent environmental information disclosure program, we... View Details
      Keywords: Information Disclosure; Institutional Theory; Environmental Strategy; Mandatory Disclosure; Environmental Performance; Information; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Performance Improvement; Environmental Sustainability; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Doshi, Anil R., Glen W.S. Dowell, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure." Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 10 (October 2013): 1209–1231. (Featured in The Regulatory Review.)
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Applying Random Coefficient Models to Strategy Research: Testing for Firm Heterogeneity, Predicting Firm-Specific Coefficients, and Estimating Strategy Trade-Offs

      By: Juan Alcacer, Wilbur Chung, Ashton Hawk and Goncalo Pacheco-de-Almeida
      Although Strategy research aims to understand how firm actions have differential effects on performance, most empirical research estimates the average effects of these actions across firms. This paper promotes Random Coefficients Models (RCMs) as an ideal empirical... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Mathematical Methods
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      Alcacer, Juan, Wilbur Chung, Ashton Hawk, and Goncalo Pacheco-de-Almeida. "Applying Random Coefficient Models to Strategy Research: Testing for Firm Heterogeneity, Predicting Firm-Specific Coefficients, and Estimating Strategy Trade-Offs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-022, September 2013.
      • July–August 2013
      • Article

      A Joint Model of Usage and Churn in Contractual Settings

      By: Eva Ascarza and Bruce G.S. Hardie
      As firms become more customer-centric, concepts such as customer equity come to the fore. Any serious attempt to quantify customer equity requires modeling techniques that can provide accurate multiperiod forecasts of customer behavior. Although a number of researchers... View Details
      Keywords: Churn; Retention; Contractual Settings; Access Services; Hidden Markov Models; RFM; Latent Variable Models; Customer Value and Value Chain; Consumer Behavior
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Bruce G.S. Hardie. "A Joint Model of Usage and Churn in Contractual Settings." Marketing Science 32, no. 4 (July–August 2013): 570–590.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of U.S. Firms

      By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr and William F. Lincoln
      We study the impact of skilled immigrants on the employment structures of U.S. firms using matched employer-employee data. Unlike most previous work, we use the firm as the lens of analysis to account for a greater level of heterogeneity and the fact that many skilled... View Details
      Keywords: H-1B; Firms; Scientists; Engineers; Inventors; Age; Employment; Competency and Skills; Immigration; United States
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      Pekkala Kerr, Sari, William R. Kerr, and William F. Lincoln. "Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of U.S. Firms." Working Paper, February 2013.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Managing Firms in an Emerging Economy: Evidence from the Time Use of Indian CEOs

      By: Raffaella Sadun
      The success or failure of a company is often ascribed to the behavior of its CEO. Yet little is known about what top managers actually do, whether this matters for firm performance, and why it differs across firms. We provide some answers by developing a new survey... View Details
      Keywords: Management Style; Performance; Outcome or Result; Management Teams; Manufacturing Industry; India
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      Sadun, Raffaella. "Managing Firms in an Emerging Economy: Evidence from the Time Use of Indian CEOs." Working Paper, 2013.
      • February 2012
      • Article

      Management Practices across Firms and Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing American, Japanese, and German firms are the best... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Competency and Skills; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Organizations; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Sectors; Performance; Business and Shareholder Relations; Private Equity; Multinational Firms and Management; United States; Germany; Japan; China; India
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management Practices across Firms and Countries." Academy of Management Perspectives 26, no. 1 (February 2012): 12–33.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      Institutional Pressures and Organizational Characteristics: Implications for Environmental Strategy

      By: Magali A. Delmas and Michael W. Toffel
      A broad literature has emerged over the past decades demonstrating that firms' environmental strategies and practices are influenced by stakeholders and institutional pressures. Such findings are consistent with institutional sociology, which emphasizes the importance... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Natural Environment; Business Strategy
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      Delmas, Magali A., and Michael W. Toffel. "Institutional Pressures and Organizational Characteristics: Implications for Environmental Strategy." In The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment, edited by Pratima Bansal and Andrew J. Hoffman. Oxford University Press, 2012.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Management Practices Across Firms and Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing, American, Japanese, and German firms are the best... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Business Ventures; Public Sector; Private Sector; Country; Performance; Motivation and Incentives
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management Practices Across Firms and Countries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-052, December 2011.
      • Article

      Product Positioning in a Two-Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model: The Role of Quality Costs

      By: Dominique Lauga and Elie Ofek
      We study a duopoly model where consumers are heterogeneous with respect to their willingness to pay for two product characteristics and marginal costs are increasing with the quality level chosen on each attribute. We show that while firms seek to manage competition... View Details
      Keywords: Duopoly and Oligopoly; Customers; Quality; Product Positioning; Competition; Management; Cost; Product
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      Lauga, Dominique, and Elie Ofek. "Product Positioning in a Two-Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model: The Role of Quality Costs." Marketing Science 30, no. 5 (September–October 2011): 903–923.
      • 9 May 2011 - 11 May 2011
      • Conference Presentation

      How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure

      By: Anil Doshi, Michael Toffel and Glen W. S. Dowell
      When new institutional pressures arise, which organizations are particularly likely to resist or acquiesce? When subjected to new information disclosure mandates, an increasingly popular form of market-based government regulation, which types of organizations are... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Regulation; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Doshi, Anil, Michael Toffel, and Glen W. S. Dowell. "How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure." Paper presented at the Alliance for Research on Corporate Sustainability Annual Research Conference, Philadelphia, PA, May 9–11, 2011.
      • April 2011
      • Article

      Institutional Tax Clienteles and Payout Policy

      By: Mihir Desai and Li Jin
      This paper employs heterogeneity in institutional shareholder tax characteristics to identify the relation between firm payout policy and tax incentives. Analysis of a panel of firms matched with the tax characteristics of the clients of their institutional... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Investors; Clienteles; Payout Policy; Private Equity; Investment; Taxation; Ownership Stake; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Desai, Mihir, and Li Jin. "Institutional Tax Clienteles and Payout Policy." Journal of Financial Economics 100, no. 1 (April 2011): 68–84.
      • 2011
      • Chapter

      Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies

      By: Pol Antras and C. Fritz Foley
      This paper analyzes the effects of the formation of a regional trade agreement on the level and nature of multinational firm activity. We examine aggregate data that captures the response of U.S. multinational firms to the formation of the ASEAN free trade agreement.... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Analytics and Data Science; Agreements and Arrangements; United States
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      Antras, Pol, and C. Fritz Foley. "Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies." In Costs and Benefits of Regional Economic Integration in Asia, edited by Robert J. Barro and Jong-Wha Lee. Oxford University Press, 2011.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Growth through Heterogeneous Innovations

      By: Ufuk Akcigit and William R. Kerr
      We study how exploration versus exploitation innovations impact economic growth through a tractable endogenous growth framework that contains multiple innovation sizes, multi-product firms, and entry/exit. Firms invest in exploration R&D to acquire new product lines... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Decision Choices and Conditions; Economic Growth; Investment; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Size; Research and Development; United States
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, and William R. Kerr. "Growth through Heterogeneous Innovations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-044, October 2010. (SSRN, HBS WP 11-044.)
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Surviving the Global Financial Crisis: Foreign Direct Investment and Establishment Performance

      By: Laura Alfaro and Maggie Chen
      We examine in this paper the differential response of establishments to the global financial crisis, with particular emphasis on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in determining micro economic performance. Using a new worldwide dataset that reports the... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; International Finance; Foreign Direct Investment; Local Range; Multinational Firms and Management; Production; Performance Evaluation; Networks
      Citation
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie Chen. "Surviving the Global Financial Crisis: Foreign Direct Investment and Establishment Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-110, June 2010.
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies

      By: Pol Antras and C. Fritz Foley
      This paper analyzes the effects of the formation of a regional trade agreement on the level and nature of multinational firm activity. We examine aggregate data that captures the response of U.S. multinational firms to the formation of the ASEAN free trade agreement.... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Globalized Economies and Regions; Multinational Firms and Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Agreements and Arrangements; Southeast Asia; United States
      Citation
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      Antras, Pol, and C. Fritz Foley. "Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 14891, April 2009.
      • September 2008
      • Article

      Firm Heterogeneity and Credit Risk Diversification

      By: Samuel G. Hanson, M. Hashem Pesaran and Til Schuermann
      This paper examines the impact of neglected heterogeneity on credit risk. We show that neglecting heterogeneity in firm returns and/or default thresholds leads to under estimation of expected losses (EL), and its effect on portfolio risk is ambiguous. Once EL is... View Details
      Keywords: Volatility; Credit; Investment Return; Outcome or Result; Risk and Uncertainty; Loss; Diversification; Complexity; United States
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      Hanson, Samuel G., M. Hashem Pesaran, and Til Schuermann. "Firm Heterogeneity and Credit Risk Diversification." Journal of Empirical Finance 15, no. 4 (September 2008): 583–612.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis

      By: Juan Alcacer, Michelle Gittelman and Bhaven Sampat
      Researchers studying innovation increasingly use indicators based on patent citations. However, it is well known that not all citations originate from applicants—patent examiners contribute to citations listed in issued patents—and that this could complicate... View Details
      Keywords: Citations; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Research; United States
      Citation
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      Alcacer, Juan, Michelle Gittelman, and Bhaven Sampat. "Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-016, August 2008.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From Coercion to Excitement

      By: Peter Tufano
      We review a wide variety of programs that support savings by families, in particular by low- and moderate-income families. These programs range from ones that literally compel families to save, to those that make it hard not to save, make it easier to save, provide... View Details
      Keywords: Saving; Motivation and Incentives; Programs; Income; Personal Finance; Family and Family Relationships; Performance Effectiveness
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      Tufano, Peter, and Daniel Schneider. "Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From Coercion to Excitement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-075, April 2008.
      • January 2001 (Revised May 2010)
      • Case

      BP Amoco (A): Policy Statement on the Use of Project Finance

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Michael Kane
      Following the BP/Amoco merger in December 1998, CFO David Watson asked Bill Young to recommend when and under what circumstances the firm should use external project finance instead of internal corporate funds to finance new capital investments. As part of this... View Details
      Keywords: Project Finance; Mergers and Acquisitions; Policy; Capital Budgeting
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "BP Amoco (A): Policy Statement on the Use of Project Finance." Harvard Business School Case 201-054, January 2001. (Revised May 2010.)
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Engagement with Open Source Communities, Innovation, and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub

      By: Annamaria Conti, Christian Peukert and Maria P. Roche
      We study the engagement of nascent firms with open source communities and its implications for innovation and attracting funding. To do so, we link data on 160,065 U.S. startups from Crunchbase to their activities on the open source software development platform... View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Knowledge; Open Source Communities; GitHub; Machine Learning; Innovation; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Information Technology; Strategy
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      Conti, Annamaria, Christian Peukert, and Maria P. Roche. "Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Engagement with Open Source Communities, Innovation, and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub." Organization Science (forthcoming). (Pre-published online March 7, 2025.)
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