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  • All HBS Web  (1,727)
    • News  (211)
    • Research  (1,282)
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  • All HBS Web  (1,727)
    • News  (211)
    • Research  (1,282)
    • Events  (8)
    • Multimedia  (2)
  • Faculty Publications  (544)
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  • 16 May 2000
  • Research & Ideas

The Simple Economics of Open Source

outwardly the situation smells of economic anarchy. Where are the market forces, when thousands of talented programmers—and even many commercial firms—spend inordinate amounts of time writing and sharing computer source code: an activity... View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace; Technology
  • 2024
  • Working Paper

The Uneven Impact of Generative AI on Entrepreneurial Performance

By: Nicholas G. Otis, Rowan Clarke, Solène Delecourt, David Holtz and Rembrand Koning
Scalable and low-cost AI assistance has the potential to improve firm decision-making and economic performance. However, running a business involves a myriad of open-ended problems, making it difficult to know whether recent AI advances can help business owners make... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Performance Improvement; Small Business; Decision Choices and Conditions; Kenya
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Otis, Nicholas G., Rowan Clarke, Solène Delecourt, David Holtz, and Rembrand Koning. "The Uneven Impact of Generative AI on Entrepreneurial Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-042, December 2023.
  • 10 Jun 2019
  • Working Paper Summaries

Going Digital: Implications for Firm Value and Performance

Keywords: by Wilbur Chen and Suraj Srinivasan
  • 13 Jan 2010
  • Working Paper Summaries

Private Equity and Industry Performance

Keywords: by Shai Bernstein, Josh Lerner, Morten Sørensen & Per Strömberg
  • January–February 2021
  • Article

Compensation Packages That Actually Drive Performance

By: Boris Groysberg, Sarah Abbott, Michael R. Marino and Metin Aksoy
By aligning executives’ financial incentives with company strategy, a firm can inspire its management to deliver superior results. But it can be hard to get pay packages right. In this article four experts break down the key elements of compensation and explain how to... View Details
Keywords: Executive Compensation; Compensation and Benefits; Motivation and Incentives; Strategy; Performance
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Groysberg, Boris, Sarah Abbott, Michael R. Marino, and Metin Aksoy. "Compensation Packages That Actually Drive Performance." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 1 (January–February 2021): 102–111.
  • March 2025
  • Article

Global Talent and Economic Success

By: William R. Kerr
Access to top performers sets an upper bound on a country’s aspirations. View Details
Keywords: Immigration; Talent and Talent Management
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Kerr, William R. "Global Talent and Economic Success." Finance & Development 62, no. 1 (March 2025): 30–33.
  • 2009
  • Working Paper

Specific Knowledge and Divisional Performance Measurement

By: Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling
This paper discusses five common divisional performance measurement methods—cost centers, revenue centers, profit centers, investment centers, and expense centers—providing a theory that explains when each of these methods is likely to be the most efficient. The... View Details
Keywords: Business Units; Business Headquarters; Decisions; Cost; Investment; Investment Return; Profit; Revenue; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Managerial Roles; Performance Efficiency; Strategy
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Jensen, Michael C., and William H. Meckling. "Specific Knowledge and Divisional Performance Measurement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-025, September 2009.
  • April 2017
  • Article

Private Equity and Industry Performance

By: Shai Bernstein, Josh Lerner, Morten Sorensen and Per Stromberg
The growth of the private equity industry has spurred concerns about its potential impact on the economy more generally. This analysis looks across nations and industries to assess the impact of private equity on industry performance. Industries where PE funds have... View Details
Keywords: Private Equity; Markets; Entrepreneurship; Performance; Economy
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Bernstein, Shai, Josh Lerner, Morten Sorensen, and Per Stromberg. "Private Equity and Industry Performance." Management Science 63, no. 4 (April 2017): 1198–1213.
  • 09 Apr 2009
  • Working Paper Summaries

The Economics of Structured Finance

Keywords: by Joshua D. Coval, Jakub Jurek & Erik Stafford
  • Forthcoming
  • Article

You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance

By: Astrid Marinoni and Maria P. Roche
This paper examines the impact of the expansion of the US Postal Service in the late 19th century on firm creation and performance. Utilizing newly digitized archival data on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road networks in California,... View Details
Keywords: Institutional Innovation; Knowledge Exchange; US Postal Service; Firm Performance; Infrastructure; Expansion; Government Administration; Communication; Business History; Entrepreneurship; Public Administration Industry; California
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Marinoni, Astrid, and Maria P. Roche. "You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance." Management Science (forthcoming). (Pre-published online January 15, 2025.)
  • November 1992 (Revised October 1994)
  • Case

U.S. Economic Performance--1960-93

By: Nancy F. Koehn
Keywords: Performance; Economy; United States
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Koehn, Nancy F. "U.S. Economic Performance--1960-93." Harvard Business School Case 793-045, November 1992. (Revised October 1994.)
  • 2020
  • Book

Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity

By: Joseph Allen and John D. Macomber
By the time you reach 80, you will have spent 72 years of your life indoors. Like it or not, humans have become an indoor species. This means that the people who design, build, and maintain our buildings can have a major impact on our health.
Ever feel tired... View Details
Keywords: Architecture; Real Estate Development; Air Pollution; Air Quality; Public Health; Productivity Gains; Buildings and Facilities; Health; Pollutants; Performance Productivity; Construction Industry
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Allen, Joseph, and John D. Macomber. Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.

    The Uneven Impact of Generative AI on Entrepreneurial Performance

    There is a growing belief that scalable and low-cost AI assistance can improve firm decision-making and economic performance. However, running a business involves a myriad of open-ended problems, making it hard to generalize from recent studies showing that generative... View Details
    • April 1979 (Revised April 1986)
    • Case

    Mexico: Development Strategies and Performance

    By: James E. Austin
    Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Growth and Development Strategy; Mexico
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    Austin, James E. "Mexico: Development Strategies and Performance." Harvard Business School Case 379-173, April 1979. (Revised April 1986.)
    • August 2008
    • Article

    From Clusters to Cluster-Based Economic Development

    By: Christian H.M. Ketels and Olga Memedovic
    Over the last decades, changes in the global economy and the emergence of Global Value Chains (GVCs) have raised the interest in understanding the specific conditions and cross-company interactions within and across locations. For companies, the need to choose the... View Details
    Keywords: Development Economics; Economy; Value; Business Strategy; Competition; Performance Productivity; Cost; Natural Environment; Policy; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Framework; Industry Clusters
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    Ketels, Christian H.M., and Olga Memedovic. "From Clusters to Cluster-Based Economic Development." Special Issue on Global Value Chains and Innovation Networks: Prospects for Industrial Upgrading in Developing Countries. Part 1. International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation, and Development 1, no. 3 (August 2008).
    • 26 Sep 2013
    • Research & Ideas

    Behind India’s Economic and Political Woes

    portfolio—like in nature and somewhat footloose and fancy-free. Q: What are some of the causes of the decline that are specific to India? A: Due to large-scale economic liberalization since 1991, India has had a nice long run of reforms... View Details
    Keywords: by Zeenat Potia
    • Research Summary

    Survivorship and the Economic Grim Reaper

    Robert E. Kennedy and George P. Baker III are studying the long-term equity market performance of firms that are no longer public entities. Firms are delisted for a variety of reasons, including liquidation, merger, and leveraged buyout. Although the short-term... View Details
    • 2017
    • Working Paper

    Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management

    By: Luke C.D. Stein and Charles C.Y. Wang
    In the presence of managerial short-termism and asymmetric information about skill and effort provision, firms may opportunistically shift earnings from uncertain to more certain times. We document empirically that when financial markets are less certain about a firm's... View Details
    Keywords: Discretionary Accruals; Uncertainty; Implied Volatility; Earnings Response Coefficient; Risk and Uncertainty; Earnings Management; Financial Markets
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    Stein, Luke C.D., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-103, March 2016. (Revised April 2017.)
    • August 2012
    • Article

    Surviving the Global Financial Crisis: Foreign Ownership and Establishment Performance

    By: Laura Alfaro and Maggie Chen
    We examine the differential response of establishments to the recent global financial crisis with particular emphasis on the role of foreign ownership. Using a worldwide establishment panel dataset, we investigate how multinational subsidiaries around the world... View Details
    Keywords: Globalization; Financial Crisis; Multinational Firms and Management; Analytics and Data Science; Business Subsidiaries; Production; Finance; Performance; Ownership
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    Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie Chen. "Surviving the Global Financial Crisis: Foreign Ownership and Establishment Performance." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 3 (August 2012): 30–55. (Also NBER Working Paper No. 17141.)
    • July 2007
    • Teaching Note

    Rwanda: National Economic Transformation (TN)

    By: Michael E. Porter and Michael Patrick McCreless
    Teaching Note to 706491. View Details
    Keywords: Economy; Problems and Challenges; Development Economics; Policy; Poverty; Transformation; Performance Evaluation; Political Elections; Rwanda
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    Porter, Michael E., and Michael Patrick McCreless. "Rwanda: National Economic Transformation (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 708-437, July 2007.
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