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      • Faculty Publications  (63)

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      • January 2020 (Revised May 2020)
      • Case

      Direct to Consumer Brands

      By: Sunil Gupta
      Recent years have seen the dramatic rise of direct-to-consumer (DTC) brands by several startups. Many of these brands, such as Dollar Shave Club, Harry’s, Glossier, and Allbirds, entered mature markets dominated by established companies, and yet they grew rapidly to... View Details
      Keywords: Direct-to-consumer; Digital Marketing; Industry Evolution; Business Startups; Internet and the Web; Brands and Branding; Marketing; Change
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      Gupta, Sunil. "Direct to Consumer Brands." Harvard Business School Case 520-060, January 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
      • January 2020 (Revised March 2020)
      • Case

      LOLA: Do You Know What's in Your Tampon?

      By: Leonard A. Schlesinger and Aldo Sesia
      LOLA is a direct-to-consumer (DTC) business launched in 2015. What started as a company to provide women with organic and transparent material-labeled tampons via a subscription model, had, by 2019 evolved to include additional menstrual and sexual wellness products.... View Details
      Keywords: Direct-to-consumer; Channels; Disruption; Business Model; Brands and Branding; Internet and the Web; Strategy; Retail Industry; United States; Canada
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      Schlesinger, Leonard A., and Aldo Sesia. "LOLA: Do You Know What's in Your Tampon?" Harvard Business School Case 320-015, January 2020. (Revised March 2020.)
      • January 2020
      • Case

      The June Oven

      By: Leonard A. Schlesinger and Christian Godwin
      The June Oven was a smart oven which was capable of identifying food and cooking it accordingly. This type of smart oven represented the next step in the long history of oven and stove development. Due to the widespread use of traditional ovens, the market for the June... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Trends; Customers; Design; Entrepreneurship; Food; Goods and Commodities; Innovation and Invention; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Demand and Consumers; Distribution; Product Development; Sales; Information Technology; Internet and the Web; Applications and Software; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; Electronics Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Schlesinger, Leonard A., and Christian Godwin. "The June Oven." Harvard Business School Case 320-067, January 2020.
      • December 2019 (Revised January 2020)
      • Case

      Boll & Branch

      By: Leonard A. Schlesinger and Mel Martin
      Boll & Branch is a direct-to-consumer (DTC) business launched in 2015. It was the first Fair-Trade Certified manufacturer of linens. The case provides background on the company, its start, business model, and evolution through 2019. View Details
      Keywords: Direct-to-consumer; Channels; Disruption; Business Model; Brands and Branding; Internet and the Web; Strategy; Retail Industry; United States; Canada
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      Schlesinger, Leonard A., and Mel Martin. "Boll & Branch." Harvard Business School Case 320-052, December 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
      • August 2019
      • Case

      Twiggle: E-commerce with Semantic Search

      By: Shane Greenstein and Danielle Golan
      Four years after being founded, in 2014, by former Google executives Amir Konigsberg (CEO) and Adi Avidor (CTO), Twiggle had developed a search enhancement that plugged into an online merchant’s existing framework. The company utilized advanced structuring and... View Details
      Keywords: Search Technology; Customer Acquisition; Internet and the Web; Technological Innovation; Commercialization; Growth and Development Strategy; E-commerce; Technology Industry; Israel
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      Greenstein, Shane, and Danielle Golan. "Twiggle: E-commerce with Semantic Search." Harvard Business School Case 620-025, August 2019.
      • January 2019 (Revised February 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing

      By: Ayelet Israeli
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 519-011. As its Series A extension round approaches, the founders of Hubble, a subscription-based, social-media fueled, direct-to-consumer (DTC) brand of contact lenses, are reflecting on the marketing strategies that have taken them to a... View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Health Care; Mobile; Attribution; Experimentation; Experiments; Churn/retention; Customer Lifetime Value; Internet Marketing; Big Data; Analytics; A/B Testing; CRM; Advertising; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Media; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Digital Marketing; Acquisition; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Consumer Behavior; Social Media; E-commerce
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      Israeli, Ayelet. "Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 519-056, January 2019. (Revised February 2024.)
      • January 2019 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Glossier: Co-Creating a Cult Brand with a Digital Community

      By: Jill Avery
      Glossier’s proclaimed strategy was “born from content; fueled by community.” The digital-first, direct-to-consumer beauty brand had experienced rapid growth, with sales up 600% in 2017 and a customer portfolio that grew by threefold. But, its founder, Emily Weiss, was... View Details
      Keywords: Brands; Brand Management; Brand Communication; Retailing; DTC; Influencer; Startup; Internet Marketing; Big Data; Crowdsourcing; Growth and Development Strategy; Social Media; E-commerce; Internet and the Web; Digital Marketing; Consumer Products Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Retail Industry; United States; North America
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      Avery, Jill. "Glossier: Co-Creating a Cult Brand with a Digital Community." Harvard Business School Case 519-022, January 2019. (Revised October 2019.)
      • August 2018 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing

      By: Jill Avery and Ayelet Israeli
      As its Series A extension round approaches, the founders of Hubble, a subscription-based, social-media fueled, direct-to-consumer (DTC) brand of contact lenses, are reflecting on the marketing strategies that have taken them to a valuation of $200 million and debating... View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Health Care; Mobile; Attribution; Experimentation; Experiments; Churn/retention; Customer Lifetime Value; Internet Marketing; Big Data; Analytics; A/B Testing; CRM; Advertising; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Media; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Digital Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Acquisition; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Social Media; E-commerce; Analytics and Data Science; Health Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; North America; Europe
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      Avery, Jill, and Ayelet Israeli. "Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing." Harvard Business School Case 519-011, August 2018. (Revised February 2023.)
      • March 2018 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      Nectar (A)

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Thomas O. Jones
      In late 2017, Nectar was a rapidly emerging player in the “bed-in-a-box” online market for direct-to-consumer foam memory mattresses. Barely a year old, it had achieved a revenue run rate of $85M and looked ahead to another year of blistering growth. The founding team... View Details
      Keywords: Direct-to-consumer; Growth and Development Strategy; Product; Diversification; Decision Making; Growth Management; Entrepreneurship
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., and Thomas O. Jones. "Nectar (A)." Harvard Business School Case 818-112, March 2018. (Revised July 2020.)
      • November 2017 (Revised October 2018)
      • Case

      Brandless: Disrupting Consumer Packaged Goods

      By: Jill Avery
      Brandless, an online direct-to-consumer seller of upscale private-label consumer packaged goods, offered consumers a limited assortment of values-conscious products delivered directly to their homes with the simplicity of one fixed $3 price point that promised an... View Details
      Keywords: Brand; Brand Management; Retailing; Retailing Industry; Private Label; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Ecommerce; Digital Marketing; Consumer Packaged Goods; Startup; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Disruption; Food; Product Marketing; Marketing Channels; Consumer Behavior; Brands and Branding; Venture Capital; E-commerce; Consumer Products Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Retail Industry; United States; North America
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      Avery, Jill. "Brandless: Disrupting Consumer Packaged Goods." Harvard Business School Case 518-044, November 2017. (Revised October 2018.)
      • May 2017 (Revised November 2017)
      • Case

      Cotopaxi: Managing Growth for Good

      By: Andy Wu and Laura Huang
      Cotopaxi, an innovative outdoor gear business targeting millennials, focuses on profit and social impact. This registered benefit corporation was formed by Davis Smith who coalesced his experiences as a Wharton MBA student along with professional knowledge from an... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Social Venture; Benefit Corporation; B-Corp; Retail; Consumer Products; Apparel; Social Impact; Social Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Product Positioning; Social Enterprise; Mission and Purpose; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry
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      Wu, Andy, and Laura Huang. "Cotopaxi: Managing Growth for Good." Harvard Business School Case 717-488, May 2017. (Revised November 2017.)
      • January 2017
      • Case

      Flatiron School

      By: Thomas Eisenmann and Halah AlQahtani
      In late 2016, the founders of Flatiron School, a startup offering 12-week coding bootcamps, are formulating their growth strategy. Their new online-only program has matched the excellent job placement results for their in-person bootcamps. Should Flatiron shift... View Details
      Keywords: Scaling Start-ups; Growth Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Distribution Channels; Growth and Development Strategy; Internet and the Web; Business Startups; Diversification; Expansion; Education Industry; United States
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      Eisenmann, Thomas, and Halah AlQahtani. "Flatiron School." Harvard Business School Case 817-114, January 2017.
      • January 12, 2017
      • Article

      What Cancer Researchers Can Learn from Direct-to-Consumer Companies

      By: Richard G. Hamermesh and Kathryn E. Giusti
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      Hamermesh, Richard G., and Kathryn E. Giusti. "What Cancer Researchers Can Learn from Direct-to-Consumer Companies." Harvard Business Review (website) (January 12, 2017).
      • September 2016 (Revised November 2017)
      • Case

      Casper Sleep Inc.: Marketing the 'One Perfect Mattress for Everyone'

      By: Robert J. Dolan
      “A Warby Parker of mattresses? Somebody is going to do it. Why not us?” This was the topic of a conversation begun in spring 2013 among Gabe Flateman, Philip Krim, Neil Parikh, and T. Luke Sherwin. The four met as members of a New York City venture accelerator... View Details
      Keywords: Mattress; Sleep; Marketing; Business Model; Marketing Channels; Adoption; Sales; Consumer Products Industry
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      Dolan, Robert J. "Casper Sleep Inc.: Marketing the 'One Perfect Mattress for Everyone'." Harvard Business School Case 517-042, September 2016. (Revised November 2017.)
      • March 2015 (Revised December 2016)
      • Case

      American Well: The DTC Decision

      By: Elie Ofek and Natalie Kindred
      In late 2013, telehealth company American Well, which developed a digital platform that allowed patients to conduct online medical consultations with physicians, is considering pursuing a direct-to-consumer (DTC) strategy. Founded in 2006, American Well had, to date,... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Telehealth; Telemedicine; American Well; Schoenberg; Boston; Israel; Technology; Online Care; Direct-to-consumer; DTC; Health Insurance; Affordable Care Act; Health Care Reform; Accountable Care Organizations; Technology Change; Innovation & Entrepreneurship; Digital Marketing; Strategy; Competition; Information Technology; Marketing; Technological Innovation; Technology Adoption; Entrepreneurship; Marketing Strategy; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Boston; Massachusetts; United States; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Natalie Kindred. "American Well: The DTC Decision." Harvard Business School Case 515-032, March 2015. (Revised December 2016.)
      • April 2014 (Revised June 2015)
      • Case

      Making stickK Stick: The Business of Behavioral Economics

      By: Leslie John, Michael Norton and Michael Norris
      Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.

      stickK.com, a website that uses behavioral economics to help users achieve their goals, must choose between a direct-to-consumer or business-to-business model. The case... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Behavior Change; B2B Vs. B2C; Human Resource Management; Marketing Of Innovations; Health & Wellness; Weight Loss; Charitable Giving; Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Entrepreneurship; Internet and the Web; Health; Business Model; Sales; Human Resources; Health Industry; United States
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      John, Leslie, Michael Norton, and Michael Norris. "Making stickK Stick: The Business of Behavioral Economics." Harvard Business School Case 514-019, April 2014. (Revised June 2015.) (request a courtesy copy.)
      • January 2014 (Revised June 2014)
      • Case

      23andMe: Genetic Testing for Consumers (A)

      By: John A. Quelch and Margaret L. Rodriguez
      On November 22, 2013, the direct-to-consumer genetic testing provider, 23andMe, received a letter from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ordering the company to halt the sale and promotion of its genetic testing kit. The FDA stated that the product was... View Details
      Keywords: Public Health; Genome Testing; Health Care; Ancestry; 23andMe; Marketing; Product Launch; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Health Testing and Trials; Genetics; Strategy; Health Industry; United States
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      Quelch, John A., and Margaret L. Rodriguez. "23andMe: Genetic Testing for Consumers (A)." Harvard Business School Case 514-086, January 2014. (Revised June 2014.)
      • August 2012 (Revised August 2014)
      • Case

      Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (A)

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Natalie Kindred
      Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA), a U.S. network of four privately owned oncology focused factory hospitals, was weighing options for growth. CTCA was entirely cancer focused and specialized in treating patients with complex and advanced-stage cancers, who... View Details
      Keywords: Cancer; Cancer Treatment; Health Care; Healthcare; Accountability; Outcomes; Outcomes Measurement; Outcomes Reporting; Hub And Spoke Cancer Care; Hub And Spoke; Hub-and-spoke; Focused Factory; Mission and Purpose; Private Ownership; For-Profit Firms; Health Disorders; Medical Specialties; Policy; Business Model; Expansion; Decision Choices and Conditions; Advertising; Health Care and Treatment; Innovation and Invention; Health Industry; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Natalie Kindred. "Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (A)." Harvard Business School Case 313-012, August 2012. (Revised August 2014.)
      • May 2007
      • Case

      Free the Grapes--Direct-to-Consumer Shipping in the Wine Industry

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Dennis A. Yao, Patricia Wu and Libby Cantrill
      While wine tourism in the United States was booming, the majority of consumers who tasted a Cabernet Sauvignon in one of Napa Valley's tasting rooms were not permitted to ship the wine directly to their home. In 2002, direct-to-consumer shipping was either banned or... View Details
      Keywords: Business Conglomerates; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Lawsuits and Litigation; Agreements and Arrangements; Business and Government Relations; Corporate Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, Dennis A. Yao, Patricia Wu, and Libby Cantrill. "Free the Grapes--Direct-to-Consumer Shipping in the Wine Industry." Harvard Business School Case 707-472, May 2007.
      • May 2007
      • Article

      The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising in Orthopaedics

      By: Kevin J. Bozic, Amanda R. Smith, Sanaz Hariri, Sanjo Adeoye, John T. Gourville, William J. Maloney, Brian Parsley and Harry E. Rubash
      Keywords: Customers; Advertising; Health
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      Bozic, Kevin J., Amanda R. Smith, Sanaz Hariri, Sanjo Adeoye, John T. Gourville, William J. Maloney, Brian Parsley, and Harry E. Rubash. "The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising in Orthopaedics." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, no. 458 (May 2007): 202–219.
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