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      • April 2024
      • Article

      Detecting Routines: Applications to Ridesharing CRM

      By: Ryan Dew, Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer and Nachum Sicherman
      Routines shape many aspects of day-to-day consumption. While prior work has established the importance of habits in consumer behavior, little work has been done to understand the implications of routines—which we define as repeated behaviors with recurring, temporal... View Details
      Keywords: Ride-sharing; Routine; Machine Learning; Customer Relationship Management; Consumer Behavior; Segmentation
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      Dew, Ryan, Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer, and Nachum Sicherman. "Detecting Routines: Applications to Ridesharing CRM." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 61, no. 2 (April 2024): 368–392.
      • March 2024 (Revised June 2025)
      • Teaching Note

      CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub

      By: Frank Nagle and Maria P. Roche
      This teaching note is the companion to case N9-624-010 CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub, which takes place in late 2021. The case briefly describes the history of both GitHub and Microsoft with a particular focus on open source software (OSS)—software... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Technological Innovation; Product Launch; Open Source Distribution; Product Development; Commercialization; Competition; Resource Allocation; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank, and Maria P. Roche. "CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-452, March 2024. (Revised June 2025.)
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Peter Fader, Bruce G.S. Hardie and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Peter Fader, Bruce G.S. Hardie, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 524-068, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 524-707, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 524-706, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Peter S. Fader, Bruce Hardie and Michael Ross
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 524-046. This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Peter S. Fader, Bruce Hardie, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 524-047, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Michael Ross and Peter S. Fader
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Michael Ross, and Peter S. Fader. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Case 524-046, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      “Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization” (HBS No. 524-052) investigates algorithmic bias in marketing through four case studies featuring Apple, Uber, Facebook, and Amazon. Each study presents scenarios where these companies faced public criticism for... View Details
      Keywords: Race; Gender; Marketing; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Prejudice and Bias; Customization and Personalization; Technology Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization." Harvard Business School Case 524-052, March 2024.
      • February 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup

      By: Frank Nagle, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein and Susan Pinckney
      The case describes the history of AGENTS.inc. Despite being a small startup, with only four employees, that had never had a funding round, the company boasted an impressive client portfolio including multiple Fortune 500 companies. While AGENTS.inc had been an early... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Small Business; Transformation; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decisions; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Financial Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Platforms; Technological Innovation; Copyright; Management; Growth and Development; Market Timing; Ownership; Risk and Uncertainty; Competition; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurial Finance; Computer Industry; Europe; Germany
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      Nagle, Frank, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein, and Susan Pinckney. "AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup." Harvard Business School Case 724-444, February 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
      • February 2024 (Revised February 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei Huang
      Teaching Note for HBS Exercise 524-044. The exercise aims to teach students about 1) Customer Segmentation; and 2) constructing buying personas, 3) Get actionable insights from clickstream data. View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analysis; Analytics and Data Science; Marketing Strategy; Segmentation; Consumer Behavior; Travel Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei Huang. "Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 524-045, February 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
      • January 2024 (Revised February 2024)
      • Course Overview Note

      Managing Customers for Growth: Course Overview for Students

      By: Eva Ascarza
      Managing Customers for Growth (MCG) is a 14-session elective course for second-year MBA students at Harvard Business School. It is designed for business professionals engaged in roles centered on customer-driven growth activities. The course explores the dynamics of... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Decision Making; Analytics and Data Science; Growth Management; Telecommunications Industry; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry; Travel Industry
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      Ascarza, Eva. "Managing Customers for Growth: Course Overview for Students." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 524-032, January 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
      • January 2024 (Revised February 2024)
      • Exercise

      Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys

      By: Eva Ascarza, Nicolas Padilla and Oded Netzer
      In late May 2023, Sarah Merino, the newly appointed manager of the Customer Insights group at Travelogo—an online travel booking platform—initiates a comprehensive analysis of clickstream data to understand the varied behaviors and needs of their users. In preparation... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analysis; Analytics and Data Science; Marketing Strategy; Segmentation; Consumer Behavior; Travel Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Nicolas Padilla, and Oded Netzer. "Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys." Harvard Business School Exercise 524-044, January 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
      • January 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Uncle Nearest: Creating a Legacy

      By: Hise Gibson, Archie L. Jones, Nicole Gilmore and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      Fawn Weaver, as a Black woman and industry outsider in a capital-intensive, highly regulated, competitive and male-dominated spirits industry, successfully overcame numerous obstacles to launch a premium American whiskey brand, Uncle Nearest in 2017, which became the... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Business Startups; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Age; Ethnicity; Gender; Entrepreneurship; Working Capital; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Intellectual Property; Trademarks; Leadership Style; Growth and Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Marketing Strategy; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Private Ownership; Performance Effectiveness; Strategic Planning; Problems and Challenges; Prejudice and Bias; Social Issues; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Entrepreneurial Finance; Food and Beverage Industry; Tourism Industry; United States; Tennessee; France
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      Gibson, Hise, Archie L. Jones, Nicole Gilmore, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Uncle Nearest: Creating a Legacy." Harvard Business School Case 824-047, January 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • January 2024
      • Case

      Sprouts Farmers Market

      By: Rajiv Lal, Forest L. Reinhardt and Natalie Kindred
      Sprouts Farmers Markets (Sprouts) is a Phoenix, Arizona-based chain of 400-plus natural foods stores in 23 U.S. states and $6.4 billion in sales as of 2022. In its product assortment, brand image, and store environment, Sprouts emphasizes freshness, health, innovation,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Strategic Planning; Sales; Business Strategy; Expansion; Product Positioning; Marketing Strategy; Competition; Retail Industry; United States; Arizona
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      Lal, Rajiv, Forest L. Reinhardt, and Natalie Kindred. "Sprouts Farmers Market." Harvard Business School Case 524-059, January 2024.
      • December 2023 (Revised July 2024)
      • Case

      Boortmalt: The Master Maltster

      By: Forest Reinhardt, Jose B Alvarez, Damien McLoughlin, Lena Duchene and Emer Moloney
      By May 2023, Boortmalt was the world’s leading producer of malt, with a production capacity of 3 million tonnes, 15% of global market share, and 27 malting plants across five continents. It had recently acquired a major competitor and had sustained an EBITDA growth of... View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Mergers and Acquisitions; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Focus and Relationships; Values and Beliefs; Financing and Loans; Employee Relationship Management; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Knowledge Sharing; Leadership Style; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Style; Resource Allocation; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategic Planning; Environmental Sustainability; Organizational Culture; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Belgium; Europe
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      Reinhardt, Forest, Jose B Alvarez, Damien McLoughlin, Lena Duchene, and Emer Moloney. "Boortmalt: The Master Maltster." Harvard Business School Case 724-021, December 2023. (Revised July 2024.)
      • December 18, 2023
      • Article

      Are Everywhere Stores the New Face of Retail?

      By: David R. Bell, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      Historically, customer engagement and product fulfillment occurred in the same place — a traditional retail store. But today, retailers are beginning to explore how they can create opportunities for customers to engage with products in native environments. A related... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Consumer Behavior; Distribution; Logistics; Retail Industry
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      Bell, David R., Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "Are Everywhere Stores the New Face of Retail?" MIT Sloan Management Review (website) (December 18, 2023).
      • November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Technical Note

      Customer Data Privacy

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei Huang
      This note provides an overview of the evolving landscape of customer data privacy in 2023. It highlights two pivotal aspects that make privacy a central concern for businesses: building and maintaining customer trust and navigating the intricate regulatory... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Governance Compliance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Risk and Uncertainty; Reputation; Trust; Information Management; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei Huang. "Customer Data Privacy." Harvard Business School Technical Note 524-005, November 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • November 2023
      • Case

      Team Liquid: Fueling the Business of Fandom

      By: Youngme Moon and Kerry Herman
      In 2023, the co-CEOs of Team Liquid, one of the world's most prominent Esports organizations, are deciding whether and how to evolve their business model to include (1) a greater focus on enterprise revenue; and (2) more direct-to-consumer activity. Team Liquid has one... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Customer Focus and Relationships; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Revenue; Organizational Culture; Business and Community Relations; Video Game Industry
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      Moon, Youngme, and Kerry Herman. "Team Liquid: Fueling the Business of Fandom." Harvard Business School Case 324-041, November 2023.
      • October 2023 (Revised February 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      Managing Customer Retention at Teleko

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei Huang
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 523-005. View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei Huang. "Managing Customer Retention at Teleko." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 524-036, October 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
      • October 2023 (Revised February 2024)
      • Technical Note

      Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei (David) Huang
      Targeted interventions serve as a pivotal tool in business strategy, streamlining decisions for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. This note delves into two central facets of such interventions: first, the design of potent decision guidelines, or targeting... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Customer Relationship Management; Analysis; Design; Business Strategy; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Telecommunications Industry
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei (David) Huang. "Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions." Harvard Business School Technical Note 524-034, October 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
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