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      • April 2017 (Revised February 2020)
      • Case

      Restructuring Ukraine

      By: Kristin Mugford, Seema Amble and Tian Feng
      In June 2015, Ukraine found itself struggling with a volatile and devalued currency, dramatically diminished foreign reserves, and a projected financing shortfall of $40 billion. Ukraine’s new government sought to return the nation to stability following political... View Details
      Keywords: Exchange Rates; Politics; Macroeconomics; Financial Crisis; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Restructuring; Economy; Currency Exchange Rate; Banks and Banking; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Bonds; Sovereign Finance; Capital Markets; Credit; Debt Securities; Financial Liquidity; Financial Markets; Government and Politics; Ukraine
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      Mugford, Kristin, Seema Amble, and Tian Feng. "Restructuring Ukraine." Harvard Business School Case 217-049, April 2017. (Revised February 2020.)
      • January 2017
      • Case

      Exotic Interest Rate Swaps: Snowballs in Portugal

      By: Boris Vallee, Patrick Augustin and Philippe Rich
      This case explores a complex swap transaction implemented by Metro do Porto in 2007. It represents an opportunity to study fixed income derivative instruments, such as plain-vanilla swaps and structured swaps, as well as understand the opportunities and challenges of... View Details
      Keywords: Swaps; Public Finance; Structured Finance; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Public Sector; Transportation Industry; Rail Industry; Portugal
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      Vallee, Boris, Patrick Augustin, and Philippe Rich. "Exotic Interest Rate Swaps: Snowballs in Portugal." Harvard Business School Case 217-050, January 2017.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      The Stock Market and Bank Risk-Taking

      By: David S. Scharfstein and Antonio Falato
      We argue that stock market pressure to generate earnings encourages banks to increase risk. We measure risk using confidential supervisory ratings as well as financial information released in regulatory filings. We document that there is an increase in the risk-taking... View Details
      Keywords: Stock Market; Financial Markets; Business Earnings; Banks and Banking; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Scharfstein, David S., and Antonio Falato. "The Stock Market and Bank Risk-Taking." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22689, September 2016.
      • June 2016
      • Article

      Local Currency Sovereign Risk

      By: Wenxin Du and Jesse Schreger
      We introduce a new measure of emerging market sovereign credit risk: the local currency credit spread, defined as the spread of local currency bonds over the synthetic local currency risk-free rate constructed using cross-currency swaps. We find that local currency... View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Sovereign Finance; Currency; Emerging Markets
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      Du, Wenxin, and Jesse Schreger. "Local Currency Sovereign Risk." Journal of Finance 71, no. 3 (June 2016): 1027–1070.
      • May 2016
      • Supplement

      2016 Update: Argentina Turns the Page

      By: David E. Bell, Forest Reinhardt and Natalie Kindred
      This brief case is a supplement to “Cresud and Argentina” (515-043) and “Note on Agriculture in Argentina” (515-069). Set in early 2016, it describes developments in Argentina under newly elected President Mauricio Macri, including the country’s return to international... View Details
      Keywords: Argentina; " Cresud; Agriculture; Economic Reform; Economic Policy; Land Investment; Macri; Currency; Agribusiness; Diversification; Economy; Emerging Markets; Credit; Currency Exchange Rate; Investment; Business and Government Relations; Government and Politics; Inflation and Deflation; Trade; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Argentina; Buenos Aires; South America
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      Bell, David E., Forest Reinhardt, and Natalie Kindred. "2016 Update: Argentina Turns the Page." Harvard Business School Supplement 716-077, May 2016.
      • March 2016
      • Article

      Trade Credit and Taxes

      By: Mihir Desai, C. Fritz Foley and James R. Hines Jr.
      This paper analyzes the extent to which firms use trade credit to reallocate capital in response to tax incentives. Tax-induced differences in pretax returns encourage the use of trade credit to reallocate capital from firms facing low tax rates to those facing high... View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Trade; Credit; Capital
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      Desai, Mihir, C. Fritz Foley, and James R. Hines Jr. "Trade Credit and Taxes." Review of Economics and Statistics 98, no. 1 (March 2016): 132–139.
      • Article

      Reaching for Yield in the Bond Market

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      Reaching for yield—the propensity to buy riskier assets in order to achieve higher yields—is believed to be an important factor contributing to the credit cycle. This paper analyzes this phenomenon in the corporate bond market. Specifically, we show evidence for... View Details
      Keywords: Fixed Income; Reaching For Yield; Financial Intermediation; Insurance Companies; Insurance; Assets; Bonds; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Risk Management; Insurance Industry
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Reaching for Yield in the Bond Market." Journal of Finance 70, no. 5 (October 2015): 1863–1902.
      • April 2015
      • Article

      Incentivizing Calculated Risk-Taking: Evidence from an Experiment with Commercial Bank Loan Officers

      By: Shawn Cole, Martin Kanz and Leora Klapper
      This paper uses a series of experiments with commercial bank loan officers to test the effect of performance incentives on risk assessment and lending decisions. We first show that while high-powered incentives lead to greater screening effort and more profitable... View Details
      Keywords: Banking; Management Processes; Credit Products; Experimental Economics; Risk Management; Motivation and Incentives; Management Practices and Processes; Financing and Loans; Banking Industry
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      Cole, Shawn, Martin Kanz, and Leora Klapper. "Incentivizing Calculated Risk-Taking: Evidence from an Experiment with Commercial Bank Loan Officers." Journal of Finance 70, no. 2 (April 2015): 537–575.
      • 2015
      • Chapter

      Just Who Put You in Charge? We Did: Credit Rating Agencies and the Politics of Ratings

      By: Rawi Abdelal and Mark Blyth
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      Abdelal, Rawi, and Mark Blyth. "Just Who Put You in Charge? We Did: Credit Rating Agencies and the Politics of Ratings." In Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool of Global Governance, edited by Alexander Cooley and Jack Snyder, 39–59. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
      • June 2014
      • Article

      Frictions in Shadow Banking: Evidence from the Lending Behavior of Money Market Funds

      By: Sergey Chernenko and Adi Sunderam
      We document the consequences of money market fund risk taking during the European sovereign debt crisis. Using a novel data set of security-level holdings of prime money market funds, we show that funds with large exposures to risky Eurozone banks suffered significant... View Details
      Keywords: Money Market Mutual Funds; European Sovereign Debt Crisis; Runs; Contagion; Risk Taking; Investment Funds; Financial Crisis; Europe
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and Adi Sunderam. "Frictions in Shadow Banking: Evidence from the Lending Behavior of Money Market Funds." Review of Financial Studies 27, no. 6 (June 2014): 1717–1750.
      • March 2013
      • Article

      Bridging the Gap? Government Subsidized Lending and Access to Capital

      By: Josh Lerner and Kristle Romero-Cortes
      The consequences of providing public funds to financial institutions remain controversial. We examine the Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Fund's impact on credit union activity, using hitherto little studied U.S. Treasury data. The CDFI Fund grants... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Credit; Government and Politics; Financial Institutions; United States
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      Lerner, Josh, and Kristle Romero-Cortes. "Bridging the Gap? Government Subsidized Lending and Access to Capital." Review of Corporate Finance Studies 2, no. 1 (March 2013): 98–128.
      • September 2012 (Revised July 2013)
      • Case

      Can the Eurozone Survive?

      By: Dante Roscini and Jonathan Schlefer
      The sovereign debt crisis that took Greece by storm in 2010 began to spread to other European markets. Within a few months Ireland and Portugal had also lost access to the sovereign debt markets and had to rely on supranational loans for their financing. The risk of... View Details
      Keywords: Sovereign Debt Crisis; Currency Areas; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Currency Exchange Rate; International Relations; Banking Industry; European Union; Germany; France; Italy; Spain; Greece; Portugal
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      Roscini, Dante, and Jonathan Schlefer. "Can the Eurozone Survive?" Harvard Business School Case 713-034, September 2012. (Revised July 2013.)
      • July 2012
      • Article

      The Real Consequences of Market Segmentation

      By: Sergey Chernenko and Adi Sunderam
      We study the real effects of market segmentation due to credit ratings using a matched sample of firms just above and just below the investment-grade cutoff. These firms have similar observables, including average investment rates. However, flows into high-yield mutual... View Details
      Keywords: Segmentation; Credit; Investment; Investment Funds; Quality; Markets; Measurement and Metrics; Business Ventures
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and Adi Sunderam. "The Real Consequences of Market Segmentation." Review of Financial Studies 25, no. 7 (July 2012): 2041–2069. (Winner of the RFS Young Researcher Prize 2012.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Reaching for Yield in the Bond Market

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      Reaching-for-yield—the propensity to buy riskier assets in order to achieve higher yields—is believed to be an important factor contributing to the credit cycle. This paper analyses this phenomenon in the corporate bond market. Specifically, we show evidence for... View Details
      Keywords: Fixed Income; Reaching For Yield; Financial Intermediation; Insurance Companies; Insurance; Bonds; Assets; Risk Management; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Insurance Industry
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Reaching for Yield in the Bond Market." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-103, May 2012. (Revised December 2012. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18909, March 2013)
      • May 18, 2012
      • Article

      Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss

      By: David I Levine, Michael W. Toffel and Matthew S. Johnson
      Controversy surrounds occupational health and safety regulators, with some observers claiming that workplace regulations damage firms' competitiveness and destroy jobs and others arguing that they make workplaces safer at little cost to employers and employees. We... View Details
      Keywords: Regulation; Occupational Safety; Evaluation; Regression; Matching; Difference In Differences; Safety; Health; Working Conditions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competitive Advantage; Performance; Manufacturing Industry; California
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      Levine, David I., Michael W. Toffel, and Matthew S. Johnson. "Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss." Science 336, no. 6083 (May 18, 2012): 907–911. (Online supplement (appendix). Featured in an article by the head of US OSHA, and in U.S. News & World Report and many other news outlets. Basis of U.S. Congressional testimony on promoting safe workplaces.)
      • April 2012
      • Article

      Bouncing Out of the Banking System: An Empirical Analysis of Involuntary Bank Account Closures

      By: Dennis Campbell, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez and Peter Tufano
      Using a new database, we document the factors that relate to the extent of involuntary consumer bank account closure resulting from excessive overdraft activity. Consumers who have accounts involuntarily closed for overdraft activity may have limited or no access to... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Customers; Social Issues; Outcome or Result; Budgets and Budgeting; Forecasting and Prediction; Competition; Banks and Banking; Policy; Personal Characteristics; Credit; Employment; United States
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      Campbell, Dennis, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez, and Peter Tufano. "Bouncing Out of the Banking System: An Empirical Analysis of Involuntary Bank Account Closures." Journal of Banking & Finance 36, no. 4 (April 2012): 1224–1235.
      • 2011
      • Chapter

      The Economics of Housing Finance Reform

      By: David S. Scharfstein and Adi Sunderam
      This paper analyzes the two leading types of proposals for reform of the housing finance system: (i) broad-based, explicit, priced government guarantees of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and (ii) privatization. Both proposals have drawbacks. Properly-priced... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Housing; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Government and Politics
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      Scharfstein, David S., and Adi Sunderam. "The Economics of Housing Finance Reform." In The Future of Housing Finance: Restructuring the U.S. Residential Mortgage Market, edited by Martin Neil Baily. Brookings Institution Press, 2011.
      • March 2011
      • Article

      Institutional Demand Pressure and the Cost of Corporate Loans

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Zheng Sun
      Between 2001 and 2007, annual institutional funding in highly leveraged loans went up from $32 billion to $426 billion, accounting for nearly 70% of the jump in total syndicated loan issuance over the same period. Did the inflow of institutional funding in the... View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Financial Crisis; Credit; Debt Securities; Financing and Loans; Interest Rates; Investment
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Zheng Sun. "Institutional Demand Pressure and the Cost of Corporate Loans." Journal of Financial Economics 99, no. 3 (March 2011): 500–522.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Crashes and Collateralized Lending

      By: Jakub W. Jurek and Erik Stafford
      This paper develops a parsimonious static model for characterizing financing terms in collateralized lending markets. We characterize the systematic risk exposures for a variety of securities and develop a simple indifference-pricing framework to value the systematic... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Cost of Capital; Credit; Financing and Loans; Interest Rates; Investment; Framework; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Services Industry
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      Jurek, Jakub W., and Erik Stafford. "Crashes and Collateralized Lending." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-025, September 2010.
      • 2010
      • Mimeo

      An Analysis of the Impact of 'Substantially Heightened' Capital Requirements on Large Financial Institutions

      By: Anil Kashyap, Jeremy C. Stein and Samuel G. Hanson
      We examine the impact of "substantially heightened" capital requirements on large financial institutions, and on their customers. Our analysis yields three main conclusions. First, the frictions associated with raising new external equity finance are likely to be... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Institutions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Capital; Equity; Financing and Loans; Credit
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      Kashyap, Anil, Jeremy C. Stein, and Samuel G. Hanson. "An Analysis of the Impact of 'Substantially Heightened' Capital Requirements on Large Financial Institutions." 2010. Mimeo.
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