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- All HBS Web (215)
- Faculty Publications (82)
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- December 2000
- Background Note
Networked Utility Providers
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Alastair Brown
Defines and describes ways to categorize networked utilities, software "applets" such as RealNetwork's RealPlayer, Macromedia's Shockwave, and AOL's ICQ that are downloaded via the Internet. Networked utilities extend basic Web browser capability to allow users to... View Details
Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Alastair Brown. "Networked Utility Providers." Harvard Business School Background Note 801-309, December 2000.
- 2009
- Chapter
Nonlinear Pricing
By: Raghuram Iyengar and Sunil Gupta
A nonlinear pricing schedule refers to any pricing structure where the total charges payable by customers are not proportional to the quantity of their consumed services. We begin the chapter with a discussion of the broad applicability of nonlinear pricing schemes. We... View Details
Keywords: Price; Demand and Consumers; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Monopoly; Service Operations; Research
- 2013
- Working Paper
An Empirical Study of the Spillover Effects of Workload on Patient Length of Stay
By: Jillian Berry Jaeker and Anita Tucker
We use two years of inpatient data from 243 California hospitals to quantify the relationship between hospital-level workload and patient length of stay (LOS), and its "spillover" effects across patient types. Patients are categorized as medical or surgical, and the... View Details
Keywords: Workload; Processing Times; Healthcare; Working Conditions; Performance Productivity; Time Management; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; California
Berry Jaeker, Jillian, and Anita Tucker. "An Empirical Study of the Spillover Effects of Workload on Patient Length of Stay." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-052, December 2012. (Revised July 2013.)
- 2009
- Article
Silenced by Fear: The Nature, Sources, and Consequences of Fear at Work
By: Jennifer Kish Gephart, James R. Detert, Linda K. Trevino and Amy C. Edmondson
In every organization, individual members have the potential to speak up about important issues, but a growing body of research suggests that they often remain silent instead, out of fear of negative personal and professional consequences. In this chapter, we draw on... View Details
Keywords: Organizations; Working Conditions; Research; Emotions; Employees; Motivation and Incentives; Theory; Behavior
Kish Gephart, Jennifer, James R. Detert, Linda K. Trevino, and Amy C. Edmondson. "Silenced by Fear: The Nature, Sources, and Consequences of Fear at Work." Research in Organizational Behavior 29 (2009): 163–193.
- October 2006 (Revised August 2023)
- Background Note
Note on Student Outcomes in U.S. Public Education
By: Stacey M. Childress, Stig Leschly and John J-H Kim
Surveys educational outcomes among public school students in the United States. Educational outcomes are categorized as achievement outcomes (measured primarily by students' performance on standardized test results) and attainment outcomes (measured primarily by... View Details
Keywords: Demographics; Education; Outcome or Result; Public Administration Industry; Education Industry; United States
Childress, Stacey M., Stig Leschly, and John J-H Kim. "Note on Student Outcomes in U.S. Public Education." Harvard Business School Background Note 307-068, October 2006. (Revised August 2023.)
- September 2022
- Article
A Spanner in the Works: Category-Spanning Entrants and Audience Valuation of Incumbents
By: Rory M. McDonald and Ryan T. Allen
Previous work has examined how audiences evaluate category-spanning organizations, but little is known about how their entrance affects evaluations of other, proximate organizations. We posit that the emergence of category-spanning entrants signals the advent of an... View Details
Keywords: Emerging Industries; Industry Dynamics; Organization And Management Theory; Technology Strategy; Technology And Innovation Management; Entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Strategy; Management; Theory; Innovation and Management
McDonald, Rory M., and Ryan T. Allen. "A Spanner in the Works: Category-Spanning Entrants and Audience Valuation of Incumbents." Strategy Science 7, no. 6 (September 2022): 190–209.
- 2023
- Article
M4: A Unified XAI Benchmark for Faithfulness Evaluation of Feature Attribution Methods across Metrics, Modalities, and Models
By: Himabindu Lakkaraju, Xuhong Li, Mengnan Du, Jiamin Chen, Yekun Chai and Haoyi Xiong
While Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques have been widely studied to explain predictions made by deep neural networks, the way to evaluate the faithfulness of explanation results remains challenging, due to the heterogeneity of explanations for... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning
Lakkaraju, Himabindu, Xuhong Li, Mengnan Du, Jiamin Chen, Yekun Chai, and Haoyi Xiong. "M4: A Unified XAI Benchmark for Faithfulness Evaluation of Feature Attribution Methods across Metrics, Modalities, and Models." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
- 2022
- Chapter
Corporate Misconduct’s Relevance to Society through Everyday Misconduct
By: Eugene Soltes
Terms like "corporate misconduct" and "white-collar crime" typically bring to mind major scandals like Enron or Bernie Madoff. This popular perception overlooks another important—and in fact much more typical—type of deviance: "everyday misconduct." Everyday misconduct... View Details
Soltes, Eugene. "Corporate Misconduct’s Relevance to Society through Everyday Misconduct." Chap. 2 in A Research Agenda for Financial Crime, edited by Barry Rider, 31–48. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022.
- Research Summary
How will Web 2.0 technologies contribute to 'Enterprise 2.0?'
Web 2.0 technologies like blogs, wikis, tags, RSS, and open APIs are clearly having an impact on the public Internet. Will they also be important additions to Intranets?
I believe that these tools are likely to have their largest impact inside companies. ... View Details
- Article
Fast Generalized Subset Scan for Anomalous Pattern Detection
By: Edward McFowland III, Skyler Speakman and Daniel B. Neill
We propose Fast Generalized Subset Scan (FGSS), a new method for detecting anomalous patterns in general categorical data sets. We frame the pattern detection problem as a search over subsets of data records and attributes, maximizing a nonparametric scan statistic... View Details
Keywords: Pattern Detection; Anomaly Detection; Knowledge Discovery; Bayesian Networks; Scan Statistics; Analytics and Data Science
McFowland III, Edward, Skyler Speakman, and Daniel B. Neill. "Fast Generalized Subset Scan for Anomalous Pattern Detection." Art. 12. Journal of Machine Learning Research 14 (2013): 1533–1561.
- March 2009 (Revised June 2010)
- Case
TOTO: The Bottom Line
TOTO, the leading manufacturer of toilets in Japan, is struggling to penetrate the U.S. market with its premier bidet-toilets, which are present in 63% of homes in Japan. The case examines the behavioral, cultural, and institutional barriers that TOTO faces in gaining... View Details
Keywords: Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Disruptive Innovation; Product Positioning; Market Entry and Exit; Organizational Culture; Consumer Products Industry; Japan; United States
Tripsas, Mary, Masako Egawa, and Jun Fukuyoshi. "TOTO: The Bottom Line." Harvard Business School Case 809-064, March 2009. (Revised June 2010.)
- December 2000
- Background Note
Online Market Makers
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Chris Hackett
Describes the business model for online market makers, firms that use the Internet to organize a marketplace, providing participants with a virtual "place" to trade, rules to govern their exchanges, and infrastructure to support trading. First it proposes a definition... View Details
Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Chris Hackett. "Online Market Makers." Harvard Business School Background Note 801-308, December 2000.
- 13 Feb 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
Electronic Hierarchies and Electronic Heterarchies: Relationship-Specific Assets and the Governance of Interfirm IT
- 2016
- Working Paper
Decision-Making by Precedent and the Founding of American Honda (1948 – 1974)
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and John Heilbron
American Honda was founded in 1959 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Honda Motor Company to facilitate sales and distribution in the United States. The details of American Honda’s early history have long served as evidence in debates among scholars and practitioners... View Details
Keywords: Strategy; Business Subsidiaries; Decision Making; Auto Industry; Retail Industry; United States
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and John Heilbron. "Decision-Making by Precedent and the Founding of American Honda (1948 – 1974)." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-016, August 2016.
- winter 2009
- Journal Article
Interactivity's Unanticipated Consequences for Markets and Marketing
By: John A. Deighton and Leora Kornfeld
The digital interactive transformation in marketing is not unfolding, as some thought it would, on the model of direct marketing. That model anticipated that marketing, empowered by digital media using rich profiling data, would intrude ever more deeply and more... View Details
Keywords: Communication Intention and Meaning; Interactive Communication; Marketing Communications; Consumer Behavior; Social and Collaborative Networks; Online Technology
Deighton, John A., and Leora Kornfeld. "Interactivity's Unanticipated Consequences for Markets and Marketing." Journal of Interactive Marketing 23, no. 1 (winter 2009): 2–12. (First Runner-up and Winner of an Honorable Mention for the Best Paper published in the Journal of Interactive Marketing in 2009.)
- Article
The Supply Chain Economy: New Policies to Drive Innovation and Jobs
By: Mercedes Delgado and Karen G. Mills
The debate in economic policymaking about the drivers of innovation and job creation has long centered on manufacturing versus services. The predominant view is that manufacturing drives innovation, wages, and growth, and that services provide less innovation and... View Details
Keywords: Supply Chain Industries; Supply Chain; Economy; Policy; Innovation and Invention; Jobs and Positions
Delgado, Mercedes, and Karen G. Mills. "The Supply Chain Economy: New Policies to Drive Innovation and Jobs." Economía Industrial, no. 421 (December 2021).
- 05 Jul 2006
- Working Paper Summaries
The Cycles of Theory Building in Management Research
- March 2008
- Article
When Growth Stalls
By: Matthew S. Olson, Derek C. M. van Bever and Seth Verry
This article includes a one-page preview that quickly summarizes the key ideas and provides an overview of how the concepts work in practice along with suggestions for further reading.
An abrupt and lasting drop in revenue growth is a crisis that can strike even the... View Details
Olson, Matthew S., Derek C. M. van Bever, and Seth Verry. "When Growth Stalls." Harvard Business Review 86, no. 3 (March 2008): 50–61.
- Research Summary
Reinvention and “Frame Flexibility”
Adopting a radical innovation creates pressure for leaders to reframe their mental models while they also sustain their organization's existing capabilities and product category variants. Yet at key junctures in a product class and during technological change, a... View Details
- December 2000
- Background Note
Internet Access Providers
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Daniel Green
Describes the Internet access provider business model. First, it defines the model and presents different ways to categorize access providers. Second, it offers a summary of the various ways that Internet access providers create value for their customers. Next, it... View Details
Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Daniel Green. "Internet Access Providers." Harvard Business School Background Note 801-304, December 2000.