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- All HBS Web
(2,476)
- People (5)
- News (552)
- Research (1,641)
- Events (13)
- Multimedia (3)
- Faculty Publications (914)
- September 2014
- Case
Pfizer's Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI)
By: Gary Pisano, James Weber and Kait Szydlowski
In 2010, Pfizer established four small research units in New York, Boston, San Francisco, and San Diego located close to several premier Academic Medical Centers (AMCs), or hospitals with adjoining medical schools. The goal of these units was to redesign collaboration... View Details
Keywords: Drug Development; Academic Collaboration; Research And Development; Innovation; Translational Research; Management; Operations; Problems and Challenges; Research; Science; Information Technology; Strategy; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; North and Central America; Europe; Asia
Pisano, Gary, James Weber, and Kait Szydlowski. "Pfizer's Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI)." Harvard Business School Case 615-024, September 2014.
- March – April 2008
- Article
Customer Preference Discontinuities: A Trigger for Radical Technological Change
By: Mary Tripsas
What factors cause a mature industry to re-enter a period of technological turbulence? This paper addresses this question by developing a model of technological evolution that incorporates both technological trajectories and a new concept: preference trajectories, ... View Details
Keywords: History; Technology; Transition; Consumer Behavior; Industry Structures; Product Development
Tripsas, Mary. "Customer Preference Discontinuities: A Trigger for Radical Technological Change." Managerial and Decision Economics 29 (March–April 2008): 79–97.
- February 2024 (Revised January 2025)
- Case
AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup
By: Frank Nagle, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein and Susan Pinckney
The case describes the history of AGENTS.inc. Despite being a small startup, with only four employees, that had never had a funding round, the company boasted an impressive client portfolio including multiple Fortune 500 companies. While AGENTS.inc had been an early... View Details
Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Small Business; Transformation; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decisions; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Financial Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Platforms; Technological Innovation; Copyright; Management; Growth and Development; Market Timing; Ownership; Risk and Uncertainty; Competition; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurial Finance; Computer Industry; Europe; Germany
Nagle, Frank, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein, and Susan Pinckney. "AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup." Harvard Business School Case 724-444, February 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
- 2016
- Working Paper
Controlling Versus Enabling — Online Appendix
By: Andrei Hagiu and Julian Wright
Section 1 of this online appendix contains the proof of the technical Lemma (Lemma 2) used in the Proof of Lemma 1 in the main paper, which states that Ω* (.) is continuous and differentiable at R*. Section 2 provides the linear example with cost differences between... View Details
Hagiu, Andrei, and Julian Wright. "Controlling Versus Enabling — Online Appendix." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-004, July 2015. (Revised July 2016.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Organizational Responses to Product Cycles
By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo and Nicolas Torres
We use daily administrative data from a leading automobile manufacturer to study the organizational impacts of introducing new models to the auto assembly line. We first show that costly defects per vehicle spike when new models are introduced. As a response, the firm... View Details
Keywords: Product Quality Upgrading; Product Cycles; Organizational Behavior; Knowledge Hierarchies; Worker Skills; Auto Manufacturing; Training; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Knowledge Management; Production; Product; Organizational Structure; Auto Industry; Argentina
Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo, and Nicolas Torres. "Organizational Responses to Product Cycles." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-061, March 2023. (Revised August 2023. Revise & Resubmit Journal of Political Economy.)
- January 2006 (Revised March 2010)
- Case
Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and the Market for Digital Information Goods
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Andres Hervas and Jordan Mitchell
We study competitive interaction between two alternative models of digital content distribution over the Internet: peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing and centralized client-server distribution. We present microfoundations for a stylized model of p2p file sharing where all... View Details
Keywords: Price; Profit; Distribution; Competition; Internet and the Web; Information Infrastructure
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Andres Hervas, and Jordan Mitchell. "Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and the Market for Digital Information Goods." Harvard Business School Case 706-479, January 2006. (Revised March 2010.)
- Article
Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and the Market for Digital Information Goods
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Andres Hervas-Drane
We study competitive interaction between two alternative models of digital content distribution over the Internet: peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing and centralized client-server distribution. We present microfoundations for a stylized model of p2p file sharing where all... View Details
Keywords: Competition; Distribution; Internet and the Web; Information Infrastructure; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Strategy; Profit; Price; Performance Efficiency
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Andres Hervas-Drane. "Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and the Market for Digital Information Goods." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 19, no. 2 (Summer 2010): 333–373.
- October 2014
- Article
Hidden Structure: Using Network Methods to Map System Architecture
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and John Rusnak
In this paper, we describe an operational methodology for characterizing the architecture of complex technical systems and demonstrate its application to a large sample of software releases. Our methodology is based upon directed network graphs, which allows us to... View Details
Baldwin, Carliss Y., Alan MacCormack, and John Rusnak. "Hidden Structure: Using Network Methods to Map System Architecture." Research Policy 43, no. 8 (October 2014): 1381–1397.
- 2024
- Working Paper
When Batteries Meet Hydrogen: Dual-Storage Investments for Load-Shifting Purposes
By: Christian Kaps and Simone Marinesi
Power systems account for nearly 40% of global emissions. As the world tries to reduce emissions by increasing renewable penetration, storage technologies are playing an increasingly important role in matching variable renewable supply with demand. Batteries have... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Renewable Energy; Transition; Utilities Industry; Battery Industry
Kaps, Christian, and Simone Marinesi. "When Batteries Meet Hydrogen: Dual-Storage Investments for Load-Shifting Purposes." Working Paper, October 2024.
- 2010
- Working Paper
Quality Provision, Expected Firm Altruism and Brand Extensions
By: Julio J. Rotemberg
This paper studies quality choice in a model where consumers expect firms to act altruistically. It is shown that, under plausible assumptions regarding this altruism and the reaction of consumers to firms that demonstrate insufficient altruism, existing firms (or... View Details
Keywords: Brands and Branding; Consumer Behavior; Product Development; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Quality; Mathematical Methods
Rotemberg, Julio J. "Quality Provision, Expected Firm Altruism and Brand Extensions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 15635, January 2010.
- May 2025
- Supplement
On (B): The Cyclon Spins On
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader and Karen Elterman
A follow-up to the On case (723-430), this short case explores how the performance athletic shoe company On expanded its Cyclon subscription and recycling program through 2024, adding two new shoe models to the subscription and a one-time-purchase recyclable T-shirt. View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Distribution Channels; Environmental Sustainability; Marketing Strategy; Product Design; Product Development; Technological Innovation; Expansion; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry; Sports Industry; China; Europe; Germany; Japan; Switzerland; United States
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader, and Karen Elterman. "On (B): The Cyclon Spins On." Harvard Business School Supplement 725-475, May 2025.
- 30 Oct 2007
- First Look
First Look: October 30, 2007
Working PapersRecognizing the New: A Multi-Agent Model of Analogy in Strategic Decision-Making Authors:Giovanni Gavetti and Massimo Warglien Abstract In novel environments, strategic decision-making is often premised on analogy, and... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- 08 Dec 2016
- HBS Seminar
Joel Waldfogel, University of Minnesota, Carlson School of Management
- December 16, 2019
- Article
Why Your Startup Won't Last
By: Ranjay Gulati and Vasundhara Sawhney
Why do some startups that have crossed the threshold of “product-market fit” and have a viable business model still fail? This article begins by exploring the argument that most startups need more professionalization to thrive. Founders resist putting in place... View Details
Gulati, Ranjay, and Vasundhara Sawhney. "Why Your Startup Won't Last." HBR Ascend (December 16, 2019).
- 16 May 2018
- HBS Seminar
Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato, Duke University, Economics
- 19 Sep 2012
- Research & Ideas
Book Excerpt: “The Architecture of Innovation”
Many of the programs with the greatest stability—in terms of both management team and mission—have been characterized by high-powered incentives. An example is SmithKline Beecham's S.R. One, which operated under a single head, Peter... View Details
- February 2003 (Revised June 2003)
- Case
Interface's Evergreen Services Agreement
In an attempt to reduce its ecological footprint, Interface Americas, a leading manufacturer of commercial carpet tile, has launched the Evergreen Services Agreement (ESA)--a lease agreement that provides would-be carpet purchasers with comprehensive floor-covering... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Product; Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Invention; Leasing; Consumer Products Industry; Houston
Oliva, Rogelio, and James Quinn. "Interface's Evergreen Services Agreement." Harvard Business School Case 603-112, February 2003. (Revised June 2003.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Contract Duration and the Costs of Market Transactions
By: Alexander MacKay
The optimal duration of a supply contract balances the costs of reselecting a supplier against the costs of being matched to an inefficient supplier when the contract lasts too long. I develop a structural model of contract duration that captures this tradeoff and... View Details
Keywords: Vertical Relationships; Transaction Costs; Contract Duration; Identification; Supply Chain; Cost; Contracts; Auctions; Mathematical Methods
MacKay, Alexander. "Contract Duration and the Costs of Market Transactions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-058, December 2017. (Revised May 2020. Direct download.)
- 17 Mar 2015
- First Look
First Look: March 17
Publications March 2015 Journal of Financial Economics Banks as Patient Fixed-Income Investors By: Hanson, Samuel G., Andrei Shleifer, Jeremy C. Stein, and Robert W. Vishny Abstract—We examine the business model of traditional... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- September 2010
- Article
Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?
By: Saravanan Kesavan, Vishal Gaur and Ananth Raman
Firm-level sales forecasts for retailers can be improved if we incorporate cost of goods sold, inventory, and gross margin (defined here as the ratio of sales to cost of goods sold) as three endogenous variables. We construct a simultaneous equations model, estimated... View Details
Keywords: Sales; Forecasting and Prediction; Distribution; Goods and Commodities; Cost; Public Sector; Profit; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; United States
Kesavan, Saravanan, Vishal Gaur, and Ananth Raman. "Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?" Management Science 56, no. 9 (September 2010): 1519–1533.