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      • March 2009
      • Supplement

      Bausch & Lomb, Inc.: Pressure to Perform (B)

      By: Robert L. Simons
      This case breaks the existing (and still available) Bausch & Lomb, Inc.: Pressure to Perform case into an (A) and a (B) case. The (B) case can be used in class to demonstrate the serious consequences of overly aggressive accounting. The (B) case should be used after... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Revenue Recognition; Organizations; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; United States
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      Simons, Robert L. "Bausch & Lomb, Inc.: Pressure to Perform (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 109-075, March 2009.
      • March 2009
      • Article

      Earnings Management and Corporate Tax Shelters, and Book-Tax Alignment

      By: Mihir Desai and Dhammika Dharmapala
      This paper reviews recent evidence analyzing the link between earnings management and corporate tax avoidance and considers the implications for how policymakers should evaluate the financial reporting environment facing firms. A real-world tax shelter is dissected to... View Details
      Keywords: Earnings Management; Taxation; Financial Reporting; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Desai, Mihir, and Dhammika Dharmapala. "Earnings Management and Corporate Tax Shelters, and Book-Tax Alignment." National Tax Journal 62, no. 1 (March 2009): 169–186.
      • March 2009
      • Article

      The Impact of Shareholder Activism on Financial Reporting and Compensation: The Case of Employee Stock Options Expensing

      By: F. Ferri and Tatiana Sandino
      We examine the economic consequences of more than 150 shareholder proposals to expense employee stock options (ESO) submitted during the proxy seasons of 2003 and 2004, the first case in which the SEC allowed a shareholder vote on an accounting matter. Our results... View Details
      Keywords: Shareholder Activism; Shareholder Votes; Stock Option Expensing; Executive Compensation; Financial Reporting; Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Corporate Governance; Business and Shareholder Relations; Investment Activism
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      Ferri, F., and Tatiana Sandino. "The Impact of Shareholder Activism on Financial Reporting and Compensation: The Case of Employee Stock Options Expensing." Accounting Review 84, no. 2 (March 2009): 433–466.
      • March 2009
      • Article

      Trading Restrictions and Stock Prices

      By: Robin Greenwood
      Firms can manipulate their stock price by limiting the ability of their investors to sell. I examine a series of corporate events in Japan in which firms actively reduced their float—the fraction of shares available to trade—for periods of one to three months, locking... View Details
      Keywords: Equity; Stock Shares; Investment; Investment Return; Price; Market Transactions; Japan
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      Greenwood, Robin. "Trading Restrictions and Stock Prices." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 3 (March 2009): 509–539.
      • January 2009
      • Case

      The Federal Reserve and the Banking Crisis of 1931

      By: David A. Moss and Cole Bolton
      In early October 1931, in the midst of a global economic depression, the U.S. banking system was in crisis—with bank suspensions running at near record levels. At the same time, the broader economy was sputtering, and U.S. gold reserves had come under severe pressure... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Financial Crisis; Central Banking; Business History; Crisis Management; Banking Industry; United States
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      Moss, David A., and Cole Bolton. "The Federal Reserve and the Banking Crisis of 1931." Harvard Business School Case 709-040, January 2009.
      • May 2009
      • Article

      Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads

      By: Victoria Ivashina
      The paper estimates the cost arising from information asymmetry between the lead bank and members of the lending syndicate. In a lending syndicate, the lead bank retains only a fraction of the loan but acts as the intermediary between the borrower and the syndicate... View Details
      Keywords: Cost; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Interest Rates; Capital; Investment Portfolio; Credit; Diversification; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Ivashina, Victoria. "Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads." Journal of Financial Economics 92, no. 2 (May 2009): 300–319.
      • 2009
      • Article

      India Transformed: Insights from the Firm Level 1988–2007

      By: Laura Alfaro and Anusha Chari
      Using firm-level data, this paper analyzes the transformation of India's economic structure following the implementation of economic reforms. The focus of the study is on publicly listed and unlisted firms from across a wide spectrum of manufacturing and services... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Statements; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Transformation; Economics; Ownership; Assets; Sales; Profit; Stock Shares; Private Sector; Investment Return; Manufacturing Industry; Service Industry; India
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Anusha Chari. "India Transformed: Insights from the Firm Level 1988–2007." India Policy Forum 6 (2009). (Also NBER Working Paper w15448. Featured in The Economist. Economics focus. "Dancing elephants. Is Indian capitalism becoming oligarchic?" Jan 27th 2011.)
      • August 2009
      • Article

      Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer

      By: John Beshears and Katherine L. Milkman
      We study the effect of small windfalls on consumer spending decisions by comparing the purchases online grocery customers make when redeeming $10-off coupons with the purchases they make without coupons. Controlling for customer fixed effects and other variables, we... View Details
      Keywords: Mental Accounting; Windfalls; Marginal Propensity To Consume; Coupons; Marketing Communications; Consumer Behavior; Accounting; Cognition and Thinking; Retail Industry
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      Beshears, John, and Katherine L. Milkman. "Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71, no. 2 (August 2009): 384–394.
      • January 2009
      • Article

      Multinationals as Arbitrageurs? The Effect of Stock Market Valuations on Foreign Direct Investment

      By: Malcolm Baker, C. Fritz Foley and Jeffrey Wurgler
      Empirical evidence of imperfect integration across world capital markets suggests a role for cross-border arbitrage by multinationals. Consistent with multinational arbitrage as a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns, we find that FDI flows increase... View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Financial Markets; Foreign Direct Investment; Valuation; Capital Markets; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Cost; Forecasting and Prediction; Capital; Stocks; Integration
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      Baker, Malcolm, C. Fritz Foley, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Multinationals as Arbitrageurs? The Effect of Stock Market Valuations on Foreign Direct Investment." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 1 (January 2009): 337–369.
      • November 2008 (Revised November 2024)
      • Case

      The Fall of Enron

      By: Paul Healy and Krishna Palepu
      The case traces the rise of Enron, covering the company's business innovations, personnel management, and risk management processes. It then examines the company's dramatic fall including the extension of its trading model into questionable new businesses, the... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Management Practices and Processes; Crime and Corruption; Financial Reporting; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards
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      Healy, Paul, and Krishna Palepu. "The Fall of Enron." Harvard Business School Case 109-039, November 2008. (Revised November 2024.)
      • October 2008 (Revised October 2009)
      • Case

      New Century Financial Corporation

      By: Krishna G. Palepu, Suraj Srinivasan and Aldo Sesia
      After years of rapid growth and stock price appreciation, New Century Financial Corporation, one of the largest subprime loan originators in the U.S., reported accounting problems in early 2007. The resulting liquidity crisis forced the company to file for Chapter 11... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Audits; Financial Reporting; Business Model; Financial Crisis; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Mortgages; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Palepu, Krishna G., Suraj Srinivasan, and Aldo Sesia. "New Century Financial Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 109-034, October 2008. (Revised October 2009.)
      • October 2008 (Revised August 2009)
      • Case

      Subprime Crisis and Fair-Value Accounting

      By: Paul M. Healy, Krishna G. Palepu and George Serafeim
      This case examines the challenges in implementing fair value accounting for mortgage instruments, the role of accounting in the sub-prime crisis, and proposals for revising accounting standards given the crisis. View Details
      Keywords: Fair Value Accounting; Financial Crisis; Debt Securities; Mortgages; Standards
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      Healy, Paul M., Krishna G. Palepu, and George Serafeim. "Subprime Crisis and Fair-Value Accounting." Harvard Business School Case 109-031, October 2008. (Revised August 2009.)
      • October 2008
      • Article

      It's Time to Make Management a True Profession

      By: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana
      In the face of the recent institutional breakdown of trust in business, managers are losing legitimacy. To regain public trust, management needs to become a true profession in much the way medicine and law have, argue Khurana and Nohria of Harvard Business School. True... View Details
      Keywords: Competency and Skills; Education; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Management; Trust; Value Creation
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      Nohria, Nitin, and Rakesh Khurana. "It's Time to Make Management a True Profession." Harvard Business Review 86, no. 10 (October 2008).
      • September 2008 (Revised September 2011)
      • Background Note

      Note: Credit Rating Agencies

      By: William E. Fruhan
      The note examines the role of credit rating agencies in capital markets, with emphasis on the role of these agencies in the recent credit crisis and recommendations for change. View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Capital Markets; Credit; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Standards
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      Fruhan, William E. "Note: Credit Rating Agencies." Harvard Business School Background Note 209-056, September 2008. (Revised September 2011.)
      • Article

      MIT Roundtable on Corporate Risk Management

      By: Robert C. Merton

      Against the backdrop of financial crisis, a distinguished group of academics and practitioners discusses the contribution of financial management and innovation to corporate growth and value, along with the pitfalls and unintended consequences of such innovation.... View Details

      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Market Participation; Finance; Innovation and Invention; Growth and Development Strategy; Value; Distribution; Capital Structure; Risk Management; Business Ventures; Business Model; Strategy
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      Merton, Robert C. "MIT Roundtable on Corporate Risk Management." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 20, no. 4 (Fall 2008): 20–38.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Signaling Firm Performance Through Financial Statement Presentation: An Analysis Using Special Items

      By: Edward J. Riedl and Suraj Srinivasan
      This paper investigates whether managers' presentation of special items within the financial statements reflects economic performance or opportunism. Specifically, we assess special items presented as a separate line item on the income statement (income statement... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Reporting; Financial Statements; Decision Choices and Conditions; Corporate Disclosure; Performance
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      Riedl, Edward J., and Suraj Srinivasan. "Signaling Firm Performance Through Financial Statement Presentation: An Analysis Using Special Items." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-031, September 2008. (Conditionally accepted at Contemporary Accounting Research.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Rethinking the Role of History in Law & Economics: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927

      By: David A. Moss and Jonathan B. Lackow
      In the study of law and economics, there is a danger that historical inferences from theory may infect historical tests of theory.  It is imperative, therefore, that historical tests always involve a vigorous search not only for confirming evidence, but for... View Details
      Keywords: Economic History; Decision Choices and Conditions; Government Legislation; Law; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Moss, David A., and Jonathan B. Lackow. "Rethinking the Role of History in Law & Economics: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-008, August 2008.
      • July–August 2008
      • Article

      Interview with a Quality Leader: Regina E. Herzlinger on Consumer-Driven Healthcare

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger
      Regina E. Herzlinger is the Nancy R. McPherson Professor of Business Administration Chair at the Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA. She received her bachelor's degree from MIT and her doctorate from the Harvard Business School The first woman to be tenured and... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer-driven Health Care; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
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      "Interview with a Quality Leader: Regina E. Herzlinger on Consumer-Driven Healthcare." Journal for Healthcare Quality 30, no. 4 (July–August 2008): 17–19.
      • 2008
      • Simulation

      Strategic Innovation Simulation: Back Bay Battery

      By: Willy C. Shih and Clayton Christensen
      This online simulation allows students to play the role of a business unit manager at Back Bay Battery Company who faces the dilemma of balancing a portfolio of investment strategies across products in the rechargeable battery space. Players have to manage R&D... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Innovation and Management; Investment; Product Development; Research and Development; Battery Industry
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      Shih, Willy C., and Clayton Christensen. "Strategic Innovation Simulation: Back Bay Battery." Simulation and Teaching Note. Watertown, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2008. Electronic. (2656-HTM-ENG.)
      • April 2008 (Revised October 2008)
      • Case

      TD Canada Trust (A): The Green and the Red

      By: Dennis Campbell and Brent Kazan
      The case series illustrates the role of performance measurement and analytics in translating TD-Canada Trust's service model of "comfortable banking" into operational terms. In 2000, in a banking market where consumers and regulators were typically hostile to mergers... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Satisfaction; Commercial Banking; Profit; Balanced Scorecard; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Banking Industry; Canada
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      Campbell, Dennis, and Brent Kazan. "TD Canada Trust (A): The Green and the Red." Harvard Business School Case 108-005, April 2008. (Revised October 2008.)
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