Publications

December 2004
Supplement

Basic Statistics from the World Bank's World Development Indicators, 2004

By: David A. Moss, Sarah A. Brennan and Peter Epstein

Provides basic economic and social indicators for 145 countries, drawn from the World Bank's World Development Indicators (2004). The data include: population, land area, GNP per capita, real GDP growth, life expectancy, adult illiteracy, fertility rate, access to... View Details

Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Wealth and Poverty; Standards; Economics; Society

11 Mar 2014
First Look

First Look: March 11

Cassandra L. Govan, Dan Ariely, and Elise Holland Abstract—Recent evidence suggests that Americans underestimate wealth inequality in the United States and favor a more equal wealth distribution (Norton & Ariely, 2011). Does this... View Details

Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

03 Apr 2017
What Do You Think?

How About Investing in Human Infrastructure?

Sitaraman, The Crisis of the Middle-Class Constitution: Why Economic Inequality Threatens Our Republic (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2017) ORIGINAL COLUMN: There is increasing talk about stimulating $1 trillion in spending on the aging... View Details

Keywords: by James Heskett; Construction

19 Jan 2022
In Practice

7 Trends to Watch in 2022

As 2022 gets underway we asked our faculty to highlight some trends worth watching in the coming year. Ariel Stern: A new future for digital health care While 2020 and 2021 were years of rapid innovation and deployment of new health care technologies and delivery... View Details

Keywords: by HBS News

30 Jun 2015
First Look

First Look: June 30, 2015

risks. Download working paper: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=45672 Mums the Word! Cross-national Effects of Maternal Employment on Gender Inequalities at Work and at Home By: McGinn, Kathleen L., Mayra Ruiz Castro, and... View Details

Keywords: Carmen Nobel

2009
Working Paper

Walking the Talk in Multiparty Bargaining: An Experimental Investigation

By: Kathleen L. McGinn, Katherine L Milkman and Markus Noth

We study the framing effects of communication in multiparty bargaining. Communication has been shown to be more truthful and revealing than predicted in equilibrium. Because talk is preference-revealing, it may effectively frame bargaining around a logic of fairness or... View Details

Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Competition; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Types; Fairness; Interpersonal Communication; Game Theory; Cooperation

September 2017 (Revised March 2019)
Supplement

Henry Kissinger: Negotiating Black Majority Rule in Rhodesia (B)

By: James K. Sebenius and Laurence A. Green

In 1976, United States Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger conducted a series of intricate, multiparty negotiations in Southern Africa to persuade white Rhodesian leader Ian Smith to accede to black majority rule. Conducted near the end of President Gerald Ford’s... View Details

Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Race; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Deal; Government and Politics; Africa; United States

1992
Chapter

Sharing the Burden. Fair Allocation and Equity

By: James K. Sebenius, Michael Grubb, Antonio Magalhaes and Susan Subak

Keywords: Fairness; Equality and Inequality; Resource Allocation; Welfare

2007
Working Paper

Plant-Size Distribution and Cross-Country Income Differences

By: Laura Alfaro, Andrew Charlton and Fabio Kanzcuk

We investigate, using plant-level data for 79 developed and developing countries, whether differences in the allocation of resources across heterogeneous plants are a significant determinant of cross-country differences in income per worker. For this purpose, we use a... View Details

Keywords: Heterogeneous Plants; Productivity; Policy Distortions; Wages; Equality and Inequality; Resource Allocation; Macroeconomics

September 29, 2023
Article

Eliminating Algorithmic Bias Is Just the Beginning of Equitable AI

By: Simon Friis and James Riley

When it comes to artificial intelligence and inequality, algorithmic bias rightly receives a lot of attention. But it’s just one way that AI can lead to inequitable outcomes. To truly create equitable AI, we need to consider three forces through which it might make... View Details

Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Prejudice and Bias; Equality and Inequality

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Article

A Fair Game? Racial Bias and Repeated Interaction between NBA Coaches and Players

By: Letian Zhang

There is strong evidence of racial bias in organizations but little understanding of how it changes with repeated interaction. This study proposes that repeated interaction has the potential to reduce racial bias, but its moderating effects are limited to the treatment... View Details

Keywords: Discrimination; Bias; Interaction; NBA; Prejudice and Bias; Race; Equality and Inequality; Interpersonal Communication; Sports

20 May 2019
Research & Ideas

Activist CEOs Are Rising Up—and Their Customers Are Listening

Duke’s Fuqua School of Business. Toffel is the Senator John Heinz Professor of Environmental Management at HBS. “ some CEOs believe they can’t be silent when a proposed government policy might lead some of their employees to be subjected to View Details

Keywords: by Michael Blanding

February 1990 (Revised March 1990)
Case

Quantum Semiconductor, Inc.

By: Janice H. Hammond and Roy D. Shapiro

Quantum is faced with a difficult ethical dilemma--industry studies provide evidence that chemicals used in semiconductor manufacturing may cause women working in fabrication cleanrooms to suffer a higher likelihood of spontaneous abortions. The possibility of other... View Details

Keywords: Safety; Prejudice and Bias; Law; Equality and Inequality; Cost; Production; Ethics; Health; Gender; Semiconductor Industry

23 Feb 2011
First Look

First Look: Feb. 23

unavailable at this time. Publisher's Link: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=t927286744 Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality Authors:Mark J. Roe and... View Details

Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

2025
Working Paper

Pushing the Envelope: The Effects of Salary Negotiations

By: Zoë B. Cullen, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson and Ricardo Perez-Truglia

Salary negotiations are a widespread phenomenon that can shape key labor market outcomes, such as welfare and inequality. We provide novel empirical and theoretical insights into the causes and consequences of salary negotiations. We conducted two field experiments... View Details

Keywords: Compensation and Benefits; Negotiation; Policy; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Welfare

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January 4, 2020
Article

The 10 Commitments Companies Must Make to Advance Racial Justice

By: Mark R. Kramer

In the wake of George Floyd’s tragic death in Minneapolis, major corporations have been voicing their support for racial justice in the United States. But we are way past the point when words alone suffice. Actions are needed. Corporations can and should make 10... View Details

Keywords: Racial Justice; Racial Equity; Race; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact

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April 2025
Article

Skill Dependencies Uncover Nested Human Capital

By: Moh Hosseinioun, Frank Neffke, Letian Zhang and Hyejin Youn

Modern economies require increasingly diverse and specialized skills, many of which depend on the acquisition of other skills first. Here we analyse US survey data to reveal a nested structure within skill portfolios, where the direction of dependency is inferred... View Details

Keywords: Competency and Skills; Human Capital; Personal Development and Career; Equality and Inequality; Analytics and Data Science

January 2016 (Revised May 2016)
Supplement

IKEA in Saudi Arabia (B)

By: Karthik Ramanna, Jerome Lenhardt and Marc Homsy

Supplements the (A) case. View Details

Keywords: Corporate Values; Islam; Multinationals; Globalization; Leadership; Equality and Inequality; Multinational Firms and Management; Religion; Organizational Culture; Gender; Consumer Products Industry; Saudi Arabia; Sweden

August 2021
Article

Business Education as If People and the Planet Really Matter

By: Andrew J. Hoffman

Mounting concern over capitalism’s inability to address systemic challenges in our natural world (i.e. climate change) and social world (i.e. income inequality) is prompting reexamination of capitalism within business groups. This article argues that a concurrent... View Details

Keywords: Climate Change; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Governance; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Social Issues; Business Education; Transformation