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- All HBS Web
(15,266)
- Faculty Publications (4,919)
- August 1995
- Background Note
Managing in an Information Age: IT Challenges and Opportunities
The co-evolution of technology, work, and the workforce over the past 30 years has dramatically influenced our concept of organizations and the industries within which they compete. No longer simply a tool to support "back-office" transactions, IT has become a... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Information Management; Restructuring; Technological Innovation; Corporate Strategy; Organizational Design; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Information Technology Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Managing in an Information Age: IT Challenges and Opportunities." Harvard Business School Background Note 196-004, August 1995.
- August 1995 (Revised August 1995)
- Case
CIGNA Property and Casualty Reengineering (A)
By: Richard L. Nolan, Donna B. Stoddard, Chiara Francalanci and Elise C Martin
Reengineering was introduced at CIGNA Corp. in 1988. CIGNA entered a second wave reengineering effort through a major project at CIGNA P&C, one of CIGNA's larger businesses. P&C was in financial crisis and as a result brought in a new executive team in 1991 to head the... View Details
Keywords: Transformation; Cost vs Benefits; Design; Growth and Development; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Balanced Scorecard; Financial Crisis; Crisis Management; Projects; Information Technology; Insurance Industry
Nolan, Richard L., Donna B. Stoddard, Chiara Francalanci, and Elise C Martin. "CIGNA Property and Casualty Reengineering (A)." Harvard Business School Case 196-059, August 1995. (Revised August 1995.)
- July 1995 (Revised September 1995)
- Background Note
Managing Information Technology in the 1990s: Technology Overview
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Geoffrey Bock
Provides students with a basic understanding of the technology and technical terminology for computer hardware and software. View Details
Applegate, Lynda M., and Geoffrey Bock. "Managing Information Technology in the 1990s: Technology Overview." Harvard Business School Background Note 196-007, July 1995. (Revised September 1995.)
- July 1995 (Revised October 1995)
- Background Note
Electronic Commerce: Trends and Opportunities
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Janis Lee Gogan
In a 1966 Harvard Business Review article, Felix Kaufman implored general managers to think beyond their own organizational boundaries to the possibilities of interorganizational systems (IOS)--networked computers that enable companies to share information and... View Details
Applegate, Lynda M., and Janis Lee Gogan. "Electronic Commerce: Trends and Opportunities." Harvard Business School Background Note 196-006, July 1995. (Revised October 1995.)
- July 1995 (Revised September 1995)
- Background Note
Technology for Teams
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Geoffrey Bock
The importance of groups in organizations has long been recognized but, until recently, groups were always "tacked onto" organizations that were designed around individuals. It was not just the logic of classical organizational theory that perpetuated this focus on the... View Details
Applegate, Lynda M., and Geoffrey Bock. "Technology for Teams." Harvard Business School Background Note 196-008, July 1995. (Revised September 1995.)
- June 1995 (Revised August 1995)
- Background Note
Managing IT in the 1990s: Communications Technology
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Geoffrey Bock
Provides an overview of the basic technologies that comprise the communications infrastructure of a firm. Network architecture, wide area networks, local area networks, communication media, network protocols, and basic principles of data transmission over networks are... View Details
Applegate, Lynda M., and Geoffrey Bock. "Managing IT in the 1990s: Communications Technology." Harvard Business School Background Note 195-270, June 1995. (Revised August 1995.)
- June 1995
- Case
Northern Telecom and Netas (A): Turkey's Telecommunications Team
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter, Kalman D. Applbaum and Pamela A. Yatsko
The Turkish general manager of a successful telecommunications equipment-manufacturing joint venture between the Canadian company Northern Telecom and local partners in Turkey reviews the solutions to a crisis in 1989 and wonders whether the company will be able to... View Details
Keywords: Joint Ventures; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Crisis Management; Problems and Challenges; Change Management; Developing Countries and Economies; Political Elections; Telecommunications Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Turkey; Canada
Kanter, Rosabeth M., Kalman D. Applbaum, and Pamela A. Yatsko. "Northern Telecom and Netas (A): Turkey's Telecommunications Team." Harvard Business School Case 395-087, June 1995.
- June 1995
- Case
Northern Telecom and Netas (B): Transferring Technology to Central Asia
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter, Kalman D. Applbaum and Pamela A. Yatsko
In the early 1990s, the Turkish telecommunications firm, Netas, established joint ventures in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan as miniature replications of Netas's own experience on the receiving end of technology transfer with Netas's 51% owner, Northern Telecom. This case... View Details
Keywords: Joint Ventures; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Change Management; Transition; Developing Countries and Economies; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Learning; Technology Adoption; Telecommunications Industry; Turkey; Kazakhstan; Azerbaijan
Kanter, Rosabeth M., Kalman D. Applbaum, and Pamela A. Yatsko. "Northern Telecom and Netas (B): Transferring Technology to Central Asia." Harvard Business School Case 395-088, June 1995.
- June 1995
- Case
Northern Telecom and Tong Guang Electronics (A1): Getting to Know Each Other
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Pamela A. Yatsko
In its second year of operation, the joint venture between Northern Telecom (Nortel) of Canada and Tong Guang Electronics of China to manufacture telecommunications equipment in China has hit a crisis. The Chinese partner has asked Northern Telecom to replace its... View Details
Keywords: Mobile and Wireless Technology; Joint Ventures; Change Management; Organizational Culture; Crisis Management; Financial Crisis; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Leadership; Telecommunications Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Canada; China
Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Pamela A. Yatsko. "Northern Telecom and Tong Guang Electronics (A1): Getting to Know Each Other." Harvard Business School Case 395-081, June 1995.
- June 1995
- Case
Northern Telecom and Tong Guang Electronics (B): Building Success
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Pamela A. Yatsko
This case continues the story of the joint venture in China between Northern Telecom (Nortel) of Canada and Tong Guang Electronics of China. It shows how North Americans learned to operate in a very different cultural environment in China and provides an opportunity to... View Details
Keywords: Mobile and Wireless Technology; Joint Ventures; Change Management; Organizational Culture; Leadership; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Culture; Telecommunications Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Canada; China
Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Pamela A. Yatsko. "Northern Telecom and Tong Guang Electronics (B): Building Success." Harvard Business School Case 395-083, June 1995.
- May 1995 (Revised March 1996)
- Case
ToyWorld, Inc.: Information Technology Planning
ToyWorld, a fast growing retailer, was revitalizing its information technology (IT) infrastructure and called in AT&T to help plan for the future. Five strategic alternatives for use of information and communications technology were identified through value chain... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Planning; Information Technology; Growth and Development; Expansion; Partners and Partnerships; Retail Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "ToyWorld, Inc.: Information Technology Planning." Harvard Business School Case 195-262, May 1995. (Revised March 1996.)
- May 1995 (Revised April 1998)
- Case
AT&T Paradyne
By: Robert S. Kaplan
A company making data communication devices has adopted a Total Quality philosophy for working with suppliers, employees, and customers. The finance group finds its existing cost system has become obsolete because of a shift from manual to automatic production... View Details
Keywords: Decisions; Product; Corporate Accountability; Activity Based Costing and Management; System; Performance Efficiency; Financial Reporting; Operations; Technology Industry; Technology Industry
Kaplan, Robert S. "AT&T Paradyne." Harvard Business School Case 195-165, May 1995. (Revised April 1998.)
- April 1995 (Revised June 1996)
- Case
Choice Hotels International, 1995
By: Tarun Khanna and Israel Yellen Ganot
Illustrates the various ways in which Choice Hotels, the franchiser for seven mid-market hotel chains, can realize economies of scope across its multiple products. Also provides an opportunity to discuss the benefits and limitations of various organizational forms... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Structure; Competition; Franchise Ownership; Accommodations Industry; United States
Khanna, Tarun, and Israel Yellen Ganot. "Choice Hotels International, 1995." Harvard Business School Case 795-165, April 1995. (Revised June 1996.)
- April 1995 (Revised December 1997)
- Case
Silicon Graphics, Inc. (A)
By: Marco Iansiti and Ellen Stein
Based on a Silicon Valley company that has developed the capability to compete in a rapidly growing, highly turbulent environment. This capability hinges on its flexible and rapid development process, which the case characterizes in detail. Focuses on the development... View Details
Keywords: Product Development; Information Infrastructure; Product Launch; Managerial Roles; Expansion; Design; Applications and Software; Computer Industry; Electronics Industry; California
Iansiti, Marco, and Ellen Stein. "Silicon Graphics, Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 695-061, April 1995. (Revised December 1997.)
- April 1995 (Revised September 1997)
- Case
Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition, 1987-1992 (Abridged)
A new CEO must take action to return the company to profitability, to clarify the vision, and then to build the infrastructure (human, capital, and information) needed to support the long-term change in strategy and organization. The case provides a rich description of... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Change Management; Leading Change; Information Technology; Adaptation; Technology Adoption; Manufacturing Industry; Food and Beverage Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition, 1987-1992 (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 195-238, April 1995. (Revised September 1997.)
- April 1995
- Article
Perceptions of Fairness in Interpersonal and Individual Choice Situations
By: M. H. Bazerman, S. B. White and G. F. Loewenstein
Bazerman, M. H., S. B. White, and G. F. Loewenstein. "Perceptions of Fairness in Interpersonal and Individual Choice Situations." Current Directions in Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (April 1995): 39–43.
- March 1995 (Revised July 1996)
- Case
Mattson Foods, Inc. (Revised): The Bardolini Division
The Bardolini Division of Mattson Foods, with plants in the northeast and midwest, wants to open up the western market for its pizza. Management must decide whether to build a new plant on the West Coast, and what type of technology to put in the plant if they decide... View Details
Keywords: Logistics; Emerging Markets; Business Startups; Decision Choices and Conditions; Business Plan; Capital Budgeting; Expansion; Buildings and Facilities; Strategic Planning; Marketing Strategy; Technology; Economic Systems; Food and Beverage Industry
Wheelwright, Steven C. "Mattson Foods, Inc. (Revised): The Bardolini Division." Harvard Business School Case 695-058, March 1995. (Revised July 1996.)
- February 1995 (Revised August 1995)
- Case
Microsoft in the People's Republic of China, 1993
By: Tarun Khanna
Explores some of the economic and political tradeoffs that need to be negotiated by a firm seeking to influence industry structure. The setting is the nascent personal computer software industry in the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1993. Microsoft has to localize... View Details
Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Product Marketing; Market Entry and Exit; Market Transactions; Industry Structures; Partners and Partnerships; Vertical Integration; Software; Information Technology Industry; China
Khanna, Tarun. "Microsoft in the People's Republic of China, 1993." Harvard Business School Case 795-115, February 1995. (Revised August 1995.)
- February 1995 (Revised October 1995)
- Case
Doing Business in a Distributed World: Clients, Servers, and the Stuff in Between
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Geoffrey Bock
Examines business computing as it is evolving in the 1990s. Compares the highly centralized and tightly controlled systems of the past with today's flexible, networked, client/server technology. Serves as an introduction to client/server terminology and technology. View Details
Keywords: Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Performance Improvement; Transformation; Technological Innovation; Business Strategy; Adoption; Information Technology Industry
Applegate, Lynda M., and Geoffrey Bock. "Doing Business in a Distributed World: Clients, Servers, and the Stuff in Between." Harvard Business School Case 195-211, February 1995. (Revised October 1995.)
- Article
A Brand's Eye View of Response Segmentation in Consumer Choice Behavior
By: Randolph E. Bucklin, Sunil Gupta and Sangman Han
Bucklin, Randolph E., Sunil Gupta, and Sangman Han. "A Brand's Eye View of Response Segmentation in Consumer Choice Behavior." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 32, no. 1 (February 1995): 66–74.