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      • June 2012
      • Article

      Leadership Is a Conversation

      By: Boris Groysberg and Michael Slind
      Globalization and new technologies have sharply reduced the efficacy of command-and-control management and its accompanying forms of corporate communication. In the course of a recent research project, the authors concluded that by talking with employees, rather than... View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Management Style; Interpersonal Communication; Leadership; Cooperation; Partners and Partnerships
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Michael Slind. "Leadership Is a Conversation." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 6 (June 2012).
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?

      By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
      We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient... View Details
      Keywords: Great Depression; R&D; Bank Distress; Patents; Research and Development; Financial Crisis; Innovation and Invention; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; United States
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-106, May 2012. (Revised October 2013. Revise and Resubmit, Journal of Financial Economics.)
      • May 2012
      • Article

      Adding Bricks to Clicks: Predicting the Patterns of Cross-Channel Elasticities over Time

      By: Jill Avery, Thomas J. Steenburgh, John Deighton and Mary Caravella
      The authors propose a conceptual framework to explain whether and when the introduction of a new retail store channel helps or hurts sales in existing direct channels. A conceptual framework separates short- and long-term effects by analyzing the capabilities of a... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Channels; Channels Of Distribution; Distribution; Retailing; Channel Management; Channel Migration; Multichannel Retailing; Framework; Customers; Marketing Channels; Sales; Internet and the Web; Demand and Consumers; Competency and Skills; Distribution Channels; E-commerce; Retail Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, Thomas J. Steenburgh, John Deighton, and Mary Caravella. "Adding Bricks to Clicks: Predicting the Patterns of Cross-Channel Elasticities over Time." Journal of Marketing 76, no. 3 (May 2012): 96–111.
      • April 2012
      • Case

      Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation

      By: Willy Shih and Margaret Pierson
      Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation (DNATF), a government agency, invests in public-private partnerships to stimulate commercialization of Danish scientific research within the country's industry. DNATF established a process for evaluating proposals, making... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Commercialization; Management Practices and Processes; Experience and Expertise; Innovation and Invention; Public Ownership; Business and Government Relations; Technology Industry; Denmark
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      Shih, Willy, and Margaret Pierson. "Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation." Harvard Business School Case 612-091, April 2012.
      • April 2012 (Revised June 2012)
      • Case

      HP Labs in Singapore

      By: Willy Shih, Pankaj Agarwal and Christine Chi
      When HP established a branch of its corporate research lab in Singapore, the government played a key role through its Economic Development Board (EDB). Chris Whitney, the lab's director, sought to generate revenue from the lab's innovations, making it financially... View Details
      Keywords: Research and Development; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Development Economics; Government and Politics; Motivation and Incentives; Innovation and Invention; Revenue; Technology Industry; Singapore
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      Shih, Willy, Pankaj Agarwal, and Christine Chi. "HP Labs in Singapore." Harvard Business School Case 612-080, April 2012. (Revised June 2012.)
      • April 2012
      • Article

      Local R&D Strategies and Multi-location Firms: The Role of Internal Linkages

      By: Juan Alcacer and Minyuan Zhao
      This study looks at the role of firms' internal linkages in highly competitive technology clusters, where much of the world's R&D takes place. The leading players in these clusters are multilocation firms that organize and integrate knowledge across sites worldwide.... View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Research and Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Technology
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Minyuan Zhao. "Local R&D Strategies and Multi-location Firms: The Role of Internal Linkages." Management Science 58, no. 4 (April 2012): 734–753.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      Problem Solving and Search in Networks

      By: David Lazer and Ethan Bernstein
      This chapter examines the role that networks play in facilitating or inhibiting search for solutions to problems at both the individual and collective levels. At the individual level, search in networks enables individuals to transport themselves to a very different... View Details
      Keywords: Network Organizations; Search; Problem Solving; Individual; Individuals And Teams; Collective; Cognitive Search; Network Search; Search Typology; Networks; Social and Collaborative Networks; Theory; Knowledge Sharing
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      Lazer, David, and Ethan Bernstein. "Problem Solving and Search in Networks." Chap. 17 in Cognitive Search: Evolution, Algorithms, and the Brain, edited by Peter M. Todd, Thomas T. Hills, and Trevor W. Robbins, 269–282. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      The Confederacy of Heterogeneous Software Organizations and Heterogeneous Developers: Field Experimental Evidence on Sorting and Worker Effort

      By: Kevin J. Boudreau and Karim R. Lakhani
      Software development occurs in a patchwork or "confederacy" of different types of institutions (universities, small start-ups, multinational enterprises, government agencies, etc.) utilizing varied work approaches. Here we speculate on one possible explanation for this... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Applications and Software; Product Development; Organizations; Employees; Behavior; Competition; Cooperation; Creativity; Information Technology Industry
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      Boudreau, Kevin J., and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Confederacy of Heterogeneous Software Organizations and Heterogeneous Developers: Field Experimental Evidence on Sorting and Worker Effort." In The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited, edited by Josh Lerner and Scott Stern, 483–502. University of Chicago Press, 2012.
      • 2012
      • Book

      The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited

      By: Josh Lerner and Scott Stern
      While the importance of innovation to economic development is widely understood, the conditions conducive to it remain the focus of much attention. This volume offers new theoretical and empirical contributions to fundamental questions relating to the economics of... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Opportunities; Nonprofit Organizations; Resource Allocation; Economic Growth; Research and Development
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      Lerner, Josh and Scott Stern, eds. The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited. University of Chicago Press, 2012.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      Team Scaffolds: How Meso-Level Structures Support Role-based Coordination in Temporary Groups

      By: Melissa A. Valentine and Amy C. Edmondson
      This paper shows how meso-level structures support effective coordination in temporary groups. Prior research on coordination in temporary groups describes how roles encode individual responsibilities so that coordination between relative strangers is possible. We... View Details
      Keywords: Fluid Personnel; Team Scaffolds; Team Effectiveness; Role-based Coordination; Multi-method; Health Care and Treatment; Analytics and Data Science; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Organizational Structure; Outcome or Result; Performance Effectiveness; Groups and Teams; Networks; Behavior; Balance and Stability; Health Industry
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      Valentine, Melissa A., and Amy C. Edmondson. "Team Scaffolds: How Meso-Level Structures Support Role-based Coordination in Temporary Groups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-062, January 2012. (Revised June 2014.)
      • December 2011
      • Article

      Data Impediments to Empirical Work on Health Insurance Markets

      By: Leemore S. Dafny, David Dranove, Frank Limbrock and Fiona Scott Morton
      We compare four datasets that researchers might use to study competition in the health insurance industry. We show that the two datasets most commonly used to estimate market concentration differ considerably from each other (both in levels and in changes over time),... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Analytics and Data Science; Market Participation; Insurance Industry
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      Dafny, Leemore S., David Dranove, Frank Limbrock, and Fiona Scott Morton. "Data Impediments to Empirical Work on Health Insurance Markets." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 11, no. 2 (December 2011).
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Discretion Within the Constraints of Opportunity: Gender Homophily and Structure in a Formal Organization

      By: Adam M. Kleinbaum, Toby E. Stuart and Michael L. Tushman
      Homophily in social relations is widely documented. We know that homophily results from both individual preferences and uneven opportunities for interaction, but how these two mechanisms interact in formal organizations is not well understood. We argue that... View Details
      Keywords: Interactive Communication; Analytics and Data Science; Organizational Structure; Partners and Partnerships; Behavior; Internet and the Web; Theory; Information Technology Industry
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      Kleinbaum, Adam M., Toby E. Stuart, and Michael L. Tushman. "Discretion Within the Constraints of Opportunity: Gender Homophily and Structure in a Formal Organization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-050, December 2011.
      • September 2011 (Revised July 2012)
      • Case

      Building Watson: Not So Elementary, My Dear!

      By: Willy Shih
      This case is set inside IBM Research's efforts to build a computer that can successfully take on human challengers playing the game show Jeopardy! It opens with the machine named Watson offering the incorrect answer "Toronto" to a seemingly simple question during the... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Standards; Product Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mathematical Methods; Research and Development; Information Technology
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      Shih, Willy. "Building Watson: Not So Elementary, My Dear!" Harvard Business School Case 612-017, September 2011. (Revised July 2012.)
      • September 2011
      • Article

      What Drives Innovation?

      By: Tom Nicholas
      The idea that innovation drives economic growth is incontrovertible, but the factors that, in turn, drive innovation are not fully understood. This paper surveys the recent literature, focusing on three main drivers: intellectual property rights institutions, the... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Economic Growth
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      Nicholas, Tom. "What Drives Innovation?" Antitrust Law Journal 77, no. 3 (September 2011).
      • 2012
      • Book

      The Culture Cycle: How to Shape the Unseen Force That Transforms Performance

      By: James Heskett
      The contribution of culture to organizational performance is both substantial and quantifiable. This book presents the results of field research that demonstrates how an effective culture can account for up to half of the differential in performance between... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Learning; Framework; Policy; Retention; Books; Analytics and Data Science; Innovation and Invention; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Culture; Performance Expectations; Research
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      Heskett, James. The Culture Cycle: How to Shape the Unseen Force That Transforms Performance. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press, 2012.
      • July 2011 (Revised September 2012)
      • Case

      Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer (A)

      By: Willy Shih
      "This trial is going to take longer." Those were words that Michael Kaschke, CEO of Carl Zeiss AG, was not surprised to hear as he nurtured the intraoperative radiotherapy business inside his company's microsurgery unit. But he also didn't expect it to take 13 years to... View Details
      Keywords: Finance; Business History; Disruptive Innovation; Emerging Markets; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Research and Development; Safety
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      Shih, Willy. "Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer (A)." Harvard Business School Case 612-003, July 2011. (Revised September 2012.)
      • July 2011 (Revised January 2013)
      • Case

      Digital Microscopy Is Making Me Crazy!

      By: Willy Shih
      For Carl Zeiss Microimaging, modular hardware and software enabled customers to tailor Zeiss's broad range of microscopy systems hardware and software to meet a wide range of needs from basic scientific research in the biological and medical sciences to clinical... View Details
      Keywords: Information Infrastructure; Applications and Software; Corporate Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Science-Based Business; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Business Conglomerates; Digital Platforms; Opportunities; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Shih, Willy. "Digital Microscopy Is Making Me Crazy!" Harvard Business School Case 612-002, July 2011. (Revised January 2013.)
      • July – August 2011
      • Article

      Foundations of Organizational Trust: What Matters to Different Stakeholders?

      By: Michael Pirson and Deepak Malhotra
      Prior research on organizational trust has not rigorously examined the context specificity of trust nor distinguished between the potentially varying dimensions along which different stakeholders base their trust. As a result, dominant conceptualizations of... View Details
      Keywords: Trust; Competency and Skills; Forecasting and Prediction; Ethics; Framework; Analytics and Data Science; Surveys; Organizations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Identity; Perspective
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      Pirson, Michael, and Deepak Malhotra. "Foundations of Organizational Trust: What Matters to Different Stakeholders?" Organization Science 22, no. 4 (July–August 2011): 1087–1104.
      • June 2011 (Revised July 2012)
      • Case

      Reversing the AMD Fusion Launch

      By: Elie Ofek and Ryan Johnson
      AMD management needs to make a critical decision on the launch sequence of its next-generation technology called Fusion. The Fusion processor concept merges the central and graphics processing units (CPU and GPU) onto one chip-- yielding advantages in performance... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Performance Effectiveness; Strategic Planning; Competition; Value Creation; Technology Industry; Technology Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Ryan Johnson. "Reversing the AMD Fusion Launch." Harvard Business School Case 511-036, June 2011. (Revised July 2012.)
      • June 2011 (Revised October 2012)
      • Case

      IBM China Development Lab Shanghai: Capability by Design

      By: Willy Shih, Kamen Bliznashki and Fan Zhao
      When IBM shifted from a traditional territory-based multinational organization to what it called a globally integrated enterprise, it established its headquarters for "Growth Markets" in Shanghai and "Established Markets" in New York. This positioned its China... View Details
      Keywords: Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Global Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Research and Development; Emerging Markets; Product Development; Information Technology Industry; China
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      Shih, Willy, Kamen Bliznashki, and Fan Zhao. "IBM China Development Lab Shanghai: Capability by Design." Harvard Business School Case 611-055, June 2011. (Revised October 2012.)
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