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- 2012
- Article
Patent Policy, Patent Pools, and the Accumulation of Claims in Sequential Innovation
By: Gaston Llanes and Stefano Trento
We present a dynamic model where the accumulation of patents generates an increasing number of claims on sequential innovation. We compare innovation activity under three regimes—patents, no-patents, and patent pools—and find that none of them can reach the first best.... View Details
Llanes, Gaston, and Stefano Trento. "Patent Policy, Patent Pools, and the Accumulation of Claims in Sequential Innovation." Economic Theory 50, no. 3 (August 2012): 703–725.
- 1997
- Chapter
Patent Scope and Emerging Industries: Biotechnology, Software, and Beyond
By: Josh Lerner and Robert P. Merges
Keywords: Patents; Applications and Software; Genetics; Information Technology Industry; Biotechnology Industry
Lerner, Josh, and Robert P. Merges. "Patent Scope and Emerging Industries: Biotechnology, Software, and Beyond." In Competing in the Age of Digital Convergence, edited by D. B. Yoffie, 301–324. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
- 17 Jan 2017
- Working Paper Summaries
Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from US Patents
- October 2015
- Article
Exposed: Venture Capital, Competitor Ties, and Entrepreneurial Innovation
By: Emily Cox Pahnke, Rory McDonald, Dan Wang and Benjamin Hallen
This paper investigates the impact of early relationships on innovation at entrepreneurial firms. Prior research has largely focused on the benefits of network ties, documenting the many advantages that accrue to firms embedded in a rich network of inter-organizational... View Details
Keywords: Competition; Intellectual Property; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Pahnke, Emily Cox, Rory McDonald, Dan Wang, and Benjamin Hallen. "Exposed: Venture Capital, Competitor Ties, and Entrepreneurial Innovation." Academy of Management Journal 58, no. 5 (October 2015): 1334–1360.
- June 1976 (Revised March 1984)
- Case
Polaroid-Kodak
By: Norman A. Berg
Describes Kodak's long-awaited challenge to Polaroid in the field of instant photography. Provides technological and company background of both Polaroid and Eastman-Kodak and their respective product lines. Discusses Polaroid's claim that Kodak infringed on 10 Polaroid... View Details
Berg, Norman A. "Polaroid-Kodak." Harvard Business School Case 376-266, June 1976. (Revised March 1984.)
- 2019
- Working Paper
Infringing Use as a Path to Legal Consumption: Evidence from a Field Experiment
By: Hong Luo and Julie Holland Mortimer
Digitization has transformed how users find and use copyrighted goods, but many existing legal options remain difficult to access, possibly leading to infringement. In a field experiment, we contact firms that are caught infringing on expensive digital images. Emails... View Details
Luo, Hong, and Julie Holland Mortimer. "Infringing Use as a Path to Legal Consumption: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-081, January 2019. (Revised August 2019.)
- Fall 2023
- Article
Infringing Use as a Path to Legal Consumption: Evidence from a Field Experiment
By: Hong Luo and Julie Holland Mortimer
Digitization has transformed how users find and use copyrighted goods, but many existing legal options remain difficult to access, possibly leading to infringement. In a field experiment, we contact firms that are caught infringing on expensive digital images. Emails... View Details
Luo, Hong, and Julie Holland Mortimer. "Infringing Use as a Path to Legal Consumption: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Special Issue on Field Experiments edited by Michael Luca and Sarah Moshary. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 32, no. 3 (Fall 2023): 523–542.
- Article
Public Policy Towards Patent Pools
By: Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. "Public Policy Towards Patent Pools." Innovation Policy and the Economy 8 (2007): 157–186.
- February 2007
- Supplement
Patents & Patients, CIPLA - Video
By: Rohit Deshpande
Deshpande, Rohit. "Patents & Patients, CIPLA - Video." Harvard Business School Video Supplement 507-705, February 2007.
- Article
Patenting in the Shadow of Competitors
By: J. Lerner
Lerner, J. "Patenting in the Shadow of Competitors." Journal of Law & Economics 38, no. 2 (October 1995): 563–595.
- December 2019
- Article
Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms
By: Lauren Cohen, Umit Gurun and Scott Duke Kominers
We provide the first large-sample evidence on the behavior and impact of nonpracticing entities (NPEs) in the intellectual-property space. We find that, on average, NPEs appear to behave as opportunistic “patent trolls.” NPEs sue cash-rich firms and target cash in... View Details
Keywords: Patent Trolls; Innovation; Patents; Lawsuits and Litigation; Ethics; Innovation and Invention
Cohen, Lauren, Umit Gurun, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms." Management Science 65, no. 12 (December 2019): 5461–5486. (Cited in the United States Federal Trade Commission Report on Patent Assertion Entities, 2016.)
- August 2008 (Revised May 2009)
- Background Note
Note on Comparative Treatment of Business Method and Software Patents in the United States and European Union
By: Robert C. Pozen and Felicia Ellsworth
This note analyses and compares the legal definitions and practical applications of Business Method and Software Patents in the United States and European Union. View Details
Pozen, Robert C., and Felicia Ellsworth. "Note on Comparative Treatment of Business Method and Software Patents in the United States and European Union." Harvard Business School Background Note 309-023, August 2008. (Revised May 2009.)
- 2007
- Working Paper
Noncompetes and Inventor Mobility: Specialists, Stars, and the Michigan Experiment
Several scholars have documented the positive consequences of job-hopping by inventors, including knowledge spillovers and agglomeration and the concentration of spinoffs. This work investigates a possible antecedent of inventor mobility: regional variation in the... View Details
Marx, Matt, Deborah Strumsky, and Lee Fleming. "Noncompetes and Inventor Mobility: Specialists, Stars, and the Michigan Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-042, January 2007.
- 2008
- Working Paper
Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis
By: Juan Alcacer, Michelle Gittelman and Bhaven Sampat
Researchers studying innovation increasingly use indicators based on patent citations. However, it is well known that not all citations originate from applicants—patent examiners contribute to citations listed in issued patents—and that this could complicate... View Details
Alcacer, Juan, Michelle Gittelman, and Bhaven Sampat. "Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-016, August 2008.
- Article
Discussion of "Ivory Tower and Industrial Innovation: University-Industry Technology Transfer Before and After the Bayh-Dole Act in the United States" by David C. Mowery, Richard R. Nelson, Bhaven N. Sampat, and Arvids A. Ziedonis
By: Josh Lerner
Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Education; Information Technology; Patents; Law; Communication; United States
Lerner, Josh. Discussion of "Ivory Tower and Industrial Innovation: University-Industry Technology Transfer Before and After the Bayh-Dole Act in the United States" by David C. Mowery, Richard R. Nelson, Bhaven N. Sampat, and Arvids A. Ziedonis. Journal of Economic Literature 43, no. 2 (June 2005): 510–511.
- June 2015
- Article
Standard-Essential Patents
By: Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
A major policy issue in standard setting is that patents that are ex-ante not that important may, by being included into the standard, become standard-essential patents (SEPs). In an attempt to curb the monopoly power that they create, most standard-setting... View Details
Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. "Standard-Essential Patents." Journal of Political Economy 123, no. 3 (June 2015): 547–586.
- 06 Nov 2012
- Op-Ed
Stop Talking About the Weather and Do Something: Three Ways to Finance Sustainable Cities
The wrath of Hurricane Sandy has illuminated a fundamental question: How do we ensure that our cities are resilient in the face of inevitable future disasters? A destroyed city is not a sustainable city. I'm making the case that it's time to stop complaining about... View Details
- 2021
- Other Unpublished Work
Computer-Implemented Methods and Systems for Measuring, Estimating, and Managing Economic Outcomes and Technical Debt in Software Systems and Projects: US Patent 11,126,427 B2
By: Daniel J. Sturtevant, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Sunny Ahn and Sean Gilliland
An interrelated set of tools and methods is disclosed for: (1) measuring the relationship between software source code attributes (such as code quality, design quality, test quality, and complexity metrics) and software economics outcome metrics (such as... View Details
Sturtevant, Daniel J., Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Sunny Ahn, and Sean Gilliland. "Computer-Implemented Methods and Systems for Measuring, Estimating, and Managing Economic Outcomes and Technical Debt in Software Systems and Projects: US Patent 11,126,427 B2." Cambridge, MA, September 2021.
- August 2001
- Article
Technology as a Complex Adaptive System: Evidence from Patent Data
Fleming, L., and O. Sorenson. "Technology as a Complex Adaptive System: Evidence from Patent Data." Research Policy 30, no. 7 (August 2001).