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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,581)
      • Faculty Publications  (266)

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      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Operational Impact of Customer Location in On-Demand Services

      By: Natalie Epstein, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      The rapid growth of on-demand delivery services, particularly in the food and grocery sectors, has driven the expansion of hyperlocal fulfillment centers (FCs). This paper uses data from an on-demand grocery delivery platform in Latin America to assess how customer... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Logistics; Geographic Location; Service Delivery; Quality; Retail Industry; Latin America
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      Epstein, Natalie, Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "The Operational Impact of Customer Location in On-Demand Services." Working Paper, September 2024.
      • July 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Dynamic Pricing at Wendy's: Where's the Beef?

      By: Elie Ofek, Alicia Dadlani and Martha Hostetter
      In early 2024, Wendy’s new CEO announced on an earnings call that the company would install digital menus in its US locations so it could begin testing dynamic pricing—changing prices up or down in response to shifts in supply and demand – as well as allow engaging in... View Details
      Keywords: Dynamic Pricing; Marketing Strategy; Price; Technology Adoption; Consumer Behavior; AI and Machine Learning; Customer Focus and Relationships; Policy; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, Alicia Dadlani, and Martha Hostetter. "Dynamic Pricing at Wendy's: Where's the Beef?" Harvard Business School Case 525-010, July 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
      • July 2024
      • Case

      Knowledge-Enabled Financial Advice: Digital Transformation at Edward Jones

      By: Lauren Cohen, Richard Ryffel, Grace Headinger and Sophia Pan
      Edward Jones, a wealth management advisory firm that prided itself on its interpersonal connections and face-to-face interactions, was eager to augment their services with AI capabilities. Built on 1-to-1 close-knit relationships, the firm had more than 15,000 offices... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Innovation And Strategy; Financial Advisors; Big Data; Artificial Intelligence; Digitization; Financial Institutions; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Technology Adoption; Business Plan; Technological Innovation; Interpersonal Communication; Communication Intention and Meaning; Communication Strategy; Transformation; Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Innovation Leadership; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Customer Relationship Management; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Strategy; Financial Services Industry; St. Louis; Missouri; United States; Canada
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      Cohen, Lauren, Richard Ryffel, Grace Headinger, and Sophia Pan. "Knowledge-Enabled Financial Advice: Digital Transformation at Edward Jones." Harvard Business School Case 225-009, July 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Incrementality Representation Learning: Synergizing Past Experiments for Intervention Personalization

      By: Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      This paper introduces Incrementality Representation Learning (IRL), a novel multitask representation learning framework that predicts heterogeneous causal effects of marketing interventions. By leveraging past experiments, IRL efficiently designs and targets... View Details
      Keywords: Heterogeneous Treatment Effect; Multi-task Learning; Representation Learning; Personalization; Promotion; Deep Learning; Field Experiments; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customization and Personalization
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      Huang, Ta-Wei, Eva Ascarza, and Ayelet Israeli. "Incrementality Representation Learning: Synergizing Past Experiments for Intervention Personalization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-076, June 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Supplement

      gWorks (A)

      By: Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
      In January of 2019, Joe Heieck, CEO of gWorks, was deciding whether to proceed with his acquisition of Data Tech, that was a business roughly the same size as gWorks. gWorks, which provided geospatial software to small city and rural county governments, was acquired by... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Small Business; Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Business Education; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business or Company Management; Problems and Challenges; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Relationship Management; Technology Adoption; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms; Growth Management; Applications and Software; Risk and Uncertainty; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ruback, Richard S., and Royce Yudkoff. "gWorks (A)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 224-721, May 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Supplement

      gWorks (B)

      By: Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
      In January of 2019, Joe Heieck, CEO of gWorks, was deciding whether to proceed with his acquisition of Data Tech, that was a business roughly the same size as gWorks. gWorks, which provided geospatial software to small city and rural county governments, was acquired by... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Small Business; Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Business Education; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business or Company Management; Problems and Challenges; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Relationship Management; Technology Adoption; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms; Growth Management; Applications and Software; Risk and Uncertainty; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ruback, Richard S., and Royce Yudkoff. "gWorks (B)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 224-722, May 2024.
      • March–April 2024
      • Article

      Retailers and Health Systems Can Improve Care Together

      By: Robert S. Huckman, Vivian S. Lee and Bradley R Staats
      Health systems are struggling to address the many shortcomings of health care delivery: rapidly growing costs, inconsistent quality, and inadequate and unequal access to primary and other types of care. However, if retailers and health systems were to form strong... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Retail; Retailers; Consumer; Health Care and Treatment; Value; Consumer Behavior; Business Model; Partners and Partnerships; Health Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      Huckman, Robert S., Vivian S. Lee, and Bradley R Staats. "Retailers and Health Systems Can Improve Care Together." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 2 (March–April 2024): 120–127.
      • April 2024
      • Article

      Speaking up and Taking Action: Psychological Safety and Joint Problem-solving Orientation in Safety Improvement

      By: Hassina Bahadurzada, Michaela J. Kerrissey and Amy C. Edmondson
      Healthcare organizations face stubborn challenges in ensuring patient safety and mitigating clinician turnover. This paper aims to advance theory and research on patient safety by elucidating how the role of psychological safety in patient safety can be enhanced with... View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare Operations; Psychological Safety; Teams; Retention; Safety; Customer Satisfaction; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Health Industry
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      Bahadurzada, Hassina, Michaela J. Kerrissey, and Amy C. Edmondson. "Speaking up and Taking Action: Psychological Safety and Joint Problem-solving Orientation in Safety Improvement." Art. 812. Healthcare 12, no. 8 (April 2024).
      • March 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Amperity: First-Party Data at a Crossroads

      By: Elie Ofek, Hema Yoganarasimhan and Alexis Lefort
      In the summer of 2023, Amperity management was facing a critical decision on its future direction. Given the dramatic changes occurring within the digital advertising ecosystem, as concerns over consumer privacy placed limits on the ability to engage in third-party... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Business Strategy; Digital Marketing; Price; Product; Business or Company Management; Advertising Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, Hema Yoganarasimhan, and Alexis Lefort. "Amperity: First-Party Data at a Crossroads." Harvard Business School Case 524-017, March 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Peter Fader, Bruce G.S. Hardie and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Peter Fader, Bruce G.S. Hardie, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 524-068, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 524-707, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 524-706, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Peter S. Fader, Bruce Hardie and Michael Ross
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 524-046. This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Peter S. Fader, Bruce Hardie, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 524-047, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Michael Ross and Peter S. Fader
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Michael Ross, and Peter S. Fader. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Case 524-046, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      “Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization” (HBS No. 524-052) investigates algorithmic bias in marketing through four case studies featuring Apple, Uber, Facebook, and Amazon. Each study presents scenarios where these companies faced public criticism for... View Details
      Keywords: Race; Gender; Marketing; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Prejudice and Bias; Customization and Personalization; Technology Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization." Harvard Business School Case 524-052, March 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Teaching Note

      AB InBev: Brewing Up Forecasts during COVID-19

      By: Mark Egan and C. Fritz Foley
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 224-020. In July 2021, the CEO of AB InBev's European operations and his team strategized to position the company for success post-pandemic. As the world's largest beer company, boasting over 500 brands, revenue of $46 billion, and a... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting; Investor Relations; Beverage Industry; Corporate Finance; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Health Pandemics; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Crisis Management; Business Model; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Europe
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      Egan, Mark, and C. Fritz Foley. "AB InBev: Brewing Up Forecasts during COVID-19." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 224-074, February 2024.
      • February 2024 (Revised February 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei Huang
      Teaching Note for HBS Exercise 524-044. The exercise aims to teach students about 1) Customer Segmentation; and 2) constructing buying personas, 3) Get actionable insights from clickstream data. View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analysis; Analytics and Data Science; Marketing Strategy; Segmentation; Consumer Behavior; Travel Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei Huang. "Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 524-045, February 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
      • January 2024 (Revised February 2024)
      • Course Overview Note

      Managing Customers for Growth: Course Overview for Students

      By: Eva Ascarza
      Managing Customers for Growth (MCG) is a 14-session elective course for second-year MBA students at Harvard Business School. It is designed for business professionals engaged in roles centered on customer-driven growth activities. The course explores the dynamics of... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Decision Making; Analytics and Data Science; Growth Management; Telecommunications Industry; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry; Travel Industry
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      Ascarza, Eva. "Managing Customers for Growth: Course Overview for Students." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 524-032, January 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Culture Consistency on Subunit Outcomes

      By: Jasmijn Bol, Robert Grasser, Serena Loftus and Tatiana Sandino
      We examine the association between subunit culture consistency—defined as the congruence between the organizational values espoused by top management and those perceived and practiced by subunit employees—and subunit outcomes. Using data from 235 subunits of a... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Employees; Creativity; Satisfaction
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      Bol, Jasmijn, Robert Grasser, Serena Loftus, and Tatiana Sandino. "The Impact of Culture Consistency on Subunit Outcomes." Working Paper, December 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Enhancing Treatment Effect Prediction on Privacy-Protected Data: An Honest Post-Processing Approach

      By: Ta-Wei Huang and Eva Ascarza
      As firms increasingly rely on customer data for personalization, concerns over privacy and regulatory compliance have grown. Local Differential Privacy (LDP) offers strong individual-level protection by injecting noise into data before collection. While... View Details
      Keywords: Targeted Intervention; Conditional Average Treatment Effect Estimation; Differential Privacy; Honest Estimation; Post-processing; Analytics and Data Science; Consumer Behavior; Marketing
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      Huang, Ta-Wei, and Eva Ascarza. "Enhancing Treatment Effect Prediction on Privacy-Protected Data: An Honest Post-Processing Approach." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-034, December 2023. (Revised March 2025.)
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