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      • May 2025
      • Article

      Imagining the Future: Memory, Simulation and Beliefs

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Giovanni Burro, Katherine B. Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
      How do people form beliefs about novel risks, with which they have little or no experience? Motivated by survey data on beliefs about Covid we collected in 2020, we build a model based on the psychology of selective memory. When a person thinks about an event,... View Details
      Keywords: Expectations; Memory; COVID-19 Pandemic; Risk and Uncertainty; Cognition and Thinking
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Giovanni Burro, Katherine B. Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Imagining the Future: Memory, Simulation and Beliefs." Review of Economic Studies 92, no. 3 (May 2025): 1532–1563.
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Sustainability as a Business-Model Transformation

      By: Ivanka Visnjic, Felipe Monteiro and Michael L. Tushman
      Many global companies have made public commitments to sustainability targets. Fulfilling these commitments will require firms to transform their business models and organizational architectures. A few pioneers are leading the way, demonstrating that companies can make... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Business Model
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      Visnjic, Ivanka, Felipe Monteiro, and Michael L. Tushman. "Sustainability as a Business-Model Transformation." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 80–89.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Management and Firm Dynamism

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh and John Van Reenen
      We show better-managed firms are more dynamic in plant acquisitions, disposals, openings and closings in U.S. Census and international data. Better-managed firms also birth better-managed plants, and improve the performance of the plants they acquire. To explain these... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competition; Business or Company Management; Performance Productivity
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh, and John Van Reenen. "Management and Firm Dynamism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-052, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Generative AI Use by Capital Market Information Intermediaries: Evidence from Seeking Alpha

      By: Mark Bradshaw, Chenyang Ma, Benjamin Yost and Yuan Zou
      We study the use of generative AI for firm-specific financial analysis on the Seeking Alpha platform. We find that, after the initial launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, the share of AI-generated articles rose sharply to 13.4% of all articles, then declined in late... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Seeking Alpha; Equity Research; Large Language Models; Gpt; AI and Machine Learning; Information Publishing; Financial Markets
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      Bradshaw, Mark, Chenyang Ma, Benjamin Yost, and Yuan Zou. "Generative AI Use by Capital Market Information Intermediaries: Evidence from Seeking Alpha." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-055, April 2025.
      • April 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Background Note

      Customer Acquisition and the Cash Flow Trap

      By: E. Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      Startups as well as existing firms recognize the need to invest in order to acquire customers for their new ventures. And as each customer is expected at some point to have generated sufficient gross margins to cover their CAC, management expects that, soon enough, the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Customers; Forecasting and Prediction; Cash Flow; Business or Company Management
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      Ofek, E., Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Customer Acquisition and the Cash Flow Trap." Harvard Business School Background Note 525-056, April 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Japan Industrial Partners Powers the Leveraged Buyout of Toshiba

      By: Brian K. Baik, Joseph Pacelli and James Barnett
      The case explores Japan Industrial Partners (JIP) $14 billion takeover of Toshiba Corporation (Toshiba). JIP was a private equity firm that took over the troubled electronics corporation in late 2023. The deal, which had been labeled one of the largest leveraged... View Details
      Keywords: International Accounting; Borrowing and Debt; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Ownership; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy; Valuation; Leveraged Buyouts; Restructuring; Capital Structure; Cost of Capital; Private Equity; Bids and Bidding; Accounting Industry; Electronics Industry; Energy Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Semiconductor Industry; Asia; Japan
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      Baik, Brian K., Joseph Pacelli, and James Barnett. "Japan Industrial Partners Powers the Leveraged Buyout of Toshiba." Harvard Business School Case 125-055, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact

      By: Lauren Cohen, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo and Mariana Cal
      In early 2024 Erika Bienek, Chief Community Relations Officer at Techint, had to decide whether to invest in a new company-owned and operated technical school in Veracruz, Mexico, or invest instead in strengthening the city’s public education system. Techint, a global... View Details
      Keywords: Technical Institutes; Community Relations; Social Impact; Argentina; Mexico; Brazil; Conglomerate; Stakeholder Management; Government And Business; Community Impact; Philanthropy; Business Conglomerates; Business Subsidiaries; Business Headquarters; Family Business; Decision Making; Private Sector; Public Sector; Education; Curriculum and Courses; Middle School Education; Secondary Education; Teaching; Training; Learning; Energy; Engineering; Construction; Values and Beliefs; Geography; Global Range; Local Range; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Firms and Management; Government Legislation; Recruitment; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Knowledge; Resource Allocation; Industry Clusters; Infrastructure; Family Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business and Government Relations; Creativity; Reputation; Social and Collaborative Networks; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Poverty; Strategy; Construction Industry; Education Industry; Energy Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; Europe; Italy; Latin America; North and Central America; Mexico; North America; United States; South America; Argentina; Buenos Aires; Brazil
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      Cohen, Lauren, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo, and Mariana Cal. "Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact." Harvard Business School Case 825-058, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Balancing Engagement and Polarization: Multi-Objective Alignment of News Content Using LLMs

      By: Mengjie Cheng, Elie Ofek and Hema Yoganarasimhan
      We study how media firms can use LLMs to generate news content that aligns with multiple objectives—making content more engaging while maintaining a preferred level of polarization/slant consistent with the firm’s editorial policy. Using news articles from The New York... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Models; Content Creation; Media; Polarization; Generative Ai; Direct Preference Optimization; AI and Machine Learning; News; Perspective; Digital Marketing; Policy; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Cheng, Mengjie, Elie Ofek, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Balancing Engagement and Polarization: Multi-Objective Alignment of News Content Using LLMs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-051, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade

      By: Elisabeth Kempf, Mancy Luo and Margarita Tsoutsoura
      We examine how the political ideology of corporate leaders shapes cross-border firm networks. Exploiting changes in ideological alignment between U.S. firm CEOs and foreign governments around close foreign elections, we show that U.S. firms are more likely to... View Details
      Keywords: Global Trade; Firm Networks; Political Ideology; Elections; Political Economy; Political Elections; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Trade
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      Kempf, Elisabeth, Mancy Luo, and Margarita Tsoutsoura. "The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-050, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Prices and Concentration: A U-shape? Theory and Evidence from Renewables

      By: Michele Fioretti, Junnan He and Jorge Tamayo
      We show that when firms compete via supply functions, transferring high-cost capacity to the largest, most efficient firm—thereby diversifying its production technologies while increasing concentration—can lower prices by prompting the leader to expand output and... View Details
      Keywords: Diversified Production Technologies; Concentration Levels; Market Power; Supply Function Equilibrium; Hydropower; Energy Transition; Renewable Energy; Price; Competition; Supply and Industry; Energy Industry; Colombia
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      Fioretti, Michele, Junnan He, and Jorge Tamayo. "Prices and Concentration: A U-shape? Theory and Evidence from Renewables." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-049, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Pouring Oil on Troubled Waters: Vickers Oils and Resolving Family Conflict over Generations

      By: Lauren Cohen, Octavian Graf Pilati and Sophia Pan
      Will Vickers, a seventh-generation (G7) member of the Vickers Family, grappled with a pressing challenge: how to re-integrate family members into the firm to recover lost talent. His father, Peter Vickers, was the lone leader of the Vickers Oils—despite having stepped... View Details
      Keywords: Shareholder; Involvement; Family Office; Family Firms; Family Business; Business Growth and Maturation; Experience and Expertise; Retention; Leadership Development; Business or Company Management; Management Succession; Organizational Structure; Family Ownership; Family and Family Relationships; Diversification; Conflict and Resolution; Consumer Products Industry; United Kingdom
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      Cohen, Lauren, Octavian Graf Pilati, and Sophia Pan. "Pouring Oil on Troubled Waters: Vickers Oils and Resolving Family Conflict over Generations." Harvard Business School Case 225-083, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Training Within Firms

      By: Brayan Diaz, Andrea Neyra-Nazarrett, Julian Ramirez, Raffaella Sadun and Jorge Tamayo
      Training investments are essential for improving worker and firm productivity, yet their implementation is often hindered by low participation rates and insufficient worker engagement. This study uses data from three firms–a car manufacturer, a quick-service... View Details
      Keywords: Productivity; Absenteeism; Middle Managers; Training; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Employees
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      Diaz, Brayan, Andrea Neyra-Nazarrett, Julian Ramirez, Raffaella Sadun, and Jorge Tamayo. "Training Within Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-045, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      An Anatomy of Crypto-Enabled Cybercrimes

      By: Will Cong, Campbell Harvey, Daniel Rabetti and Zong-Yu Wu
      The advent of cryptocurrencies and digital assets holds the promise of improving financial systems by offering cheap, quick, and secure transfer of value. However, it also opens up new payment channels for cybercrimes. Assembling a diverse set of public on- and... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Crime and Corruption; Technology Adoption; Currency; Policy
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      Cong, Will, Campbell Harvey, Daniel Rabetti, and Zong-Yu Wu. "An Anatomy of Crypto-Enabled Cybercrimes." Management Science 71, no. 4 (April 2025): 3622–3633.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      Corporate Ownership and ESG Performance

      By: Belen Villalonga, Peter Tufano and Boya Wang
      Using a sample of 3083 firms from 62 countries over 18 years, we analyze how the structure and identity of firms' material owners influence their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance. We find that firms with founding families or other individual... View Details
      Keywords: ESG; CSR; Family Firms; Social Responsibility; Environment; Sustainability; Ownership; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Governance; Environmental Sustainability
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      Villalonga, Belen, Peter Tufano, and Boya Wang. "Corporate Ownership and ESG Performance." Journal of Corporate Finance 91 (April 2025).
      • April 2025
      • Article

      Crisis Interventions in Corporate Insolvency

      By: Samuel Antill and Christopher Clayton
      We model the optimal resolution of insolvent firms in general equilibrium. Collateral-constrained banks lend to (i) solvent firms to finance investments and (ii) distressed firms to avoid liquidation. Liquidations create negative fire-sale externalities. Liquidations... View Details
      Keywords: Insolvent Firms; Government Intervention; Liquidation; Econometric Models; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Policy
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      Antill, Samuel, and Christopher Clayton. "Crisis Interventions in Corporate Insolvency." Journal of Finance 80, no. 2 (April 2025): 875–910.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      The Allocation of Socially Responsible Capital

      By: Daniel Green and Benjamin N. Roth
      Portfolio allocation decisions increasingly incorporate social values. We develop a tractable framework to study how competition between investors to own socially valuable assets affects social welfare. Relative to the most common social-investing strategies, we... View Details
      Keywords: Socially Responsible Investing; Investment Portfolio; Welfare; Social Issues; Investment Return
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      Green, Daniel, and Benjamin N. Roth. "The Allocation of Socially Responsible Capital." Journal of Finance 80, no. 2 (April 2025): 755–781.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Invention of Corporate Governance

      By: Yueran Ma and Andrei Shleifer
      The analysis of corporate governance begins with a central feature of modern capitalism—the separation of ownership and control in large corporations—first empirically documented by Berle and Means (1932). Such separation entails several agency problems reflecting... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Law; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Ma, Yueran, and Andrei Shleifer. "The Invention of Corporate Governance." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33710, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      With a Little Help from My Family: Informal Startup Financing

      By: Brian K. Baik, Johan Ludvig S. Karlsen and Katja Kisseleva
      Using Norwegian administrative data, we identify family equity investments in startups and examine their effects on investor returns and firm behavior. Informal investors earn lower returns than external individuals, and the firms they back are less likely to secure... View Details
      Keywords: Early Stage Finance; Informal Investment; Household Finance; Risk Taking; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurship; Personal Finance; Family and Family Relationships; Business Startups; Investment; Norway
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      Baik, Brian K., Johan Ludvig S. Karlsen, and Katja Kisseleva. "With a Little Help from My Family: Informal Startup Financing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-053, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation

      By: Kyle Herkenhoff, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo and Benjamin Sampson
      We measure the real effects of private equity buyouts on worker outcomes by building a new database that links transactions to matched employer-employee data in the United States. To guide our empirical analysis, we derive testable implications from three theories in... View Details
      Keywords: Monopsony; Market Power; Productivity; Private Equity; Employment; Wages; Employees
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      Herkenhoff, Kyle, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo, and Benjamin Sampson. "Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-046, March 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Transferability MATTRs: Towards Understanding Antecedents of Strategic Licensing

      By: Dafna F. Bearson and Maria P. Roche
      This paper examines the antecedents of firms’ decisions to license intellectual property (IP). We propose a conceptual framework emphasizing two critical factors: (1) transferability, which we define as the ease of moving knowledge embodied in inventions across firm... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Intellectual Property; Value Creation
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      Bearson, Dafna F., and Maria P. Roche. "Transferability MATTRs: Towards Understanding Antecedents of Strategic Licensing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-042, March 2025.
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