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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (556)
      • Faculty Publications  (40)

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      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Experimental Evidence on Policies Aimed at Closing the Gender Gap in Willingness to Guess on Multiple-Choice Tests

      By: Katherine Baldiga Coffman
      Research has shown that women skip more questions than men on multiple-choice tests with penalties for wrong answers. We propose and test five policy changes aimed at eliminating this source of gender bias in test scores. Our data show that simply removing the penalty... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Behavior; Decision Choices and Conditions; Gender
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      Coffman, Katherine Baldiga. "Experimental Evidence on Policies Aimed at Closing the Gender Gap in Willingness to Guess on Multiple-Choice Tests." Working Paper, August 2016.
      • December 2013 (Revised September 2017)
      • Case

      Atlanta Schools: Measures to Improve Performance

      By: Robert Simons and Natalie Kindred
      The widespread cheating scandal that rocked the Atlanta public school system in 2010 and 2011 illustrates how high-stakes performance pressure, without sufficient risk controls, can drive dangerous behavior. After becoming superintendent of the low-income and... View Details
      Keywords: Atlanta; Test; Testing; Standardized Test; Standardized Testing; No Child Left Behind; NCLB; Cheating; Performance Pressure; Measurement; Incentives; Atlanta Public Schools; Management; Leadership; Ethics; Performance; Performance Evaluation; Performance Expectations; Risk Management; Education; Education Industry; United States; Georgia (state, US); Atlanta
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      Simons, Robert, and Natalie Kindred. "Atlanta Schools: Measures to Improve Performance." Harvard Business School Case 114-001, December 2013. (Revised September 2017.)
      • September–October 2013
      • Article

      The Role of Organizational Scope and Governance in Strengthening Private Monitoring

      By: Lamar Pierce and Michael W. Toffel
      Governments and other organizations often outsource activities to achieve cost savings from market competition. Yet such benefits are often accompanied by poor quality resulting from moral hazard, which can be particularly onerous when outsourcing the monitoring and... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Decision Choices and Conditions; Corporate Accountability; Governance Compliance; Policy; Management Practices and Processes; Demand and Consumers; Market Design; Market Entry and Exit; Market Transactions; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Business Processes; Organizational Structure; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Expectations; Practice; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Service Industry; United States; New York (state, US)
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      Pierce, Lamar, and Michael W. Toffel. "The Role of Organizational Scope and Governance in Strengthening Private Monitoring." Organization Science 24, no. 5 (September–October 2013): 1558–1584. (Winner of the NBS Research Impact on Practice Award from the Academy of Management (AOM) and Network for Business Sustainability (NBS))
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Non-Standard Matches and Charitable Giving

      By: Michael Sanders, Sarah Smith and Michael I. Norton
      Many organisations, including corporations and governments, wish to encourage charitable giving, and offer incentives for their employees, customers and citizens to do so. The most common of these incentives is a match rate, where the organisation agrees to pay, for... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Organizational Culture; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving
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      Sanders, Michael, Sarah Smith, and Michael I. Norton. "Non-Standard Matches and Charitable Giving." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-094, May 2013.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Do Strict Capital Requirements Raise the Cost of Capital? Banking Regulation and the Low Risk Anomaly

      By: Malcolm Baker and Jeffrey Wurgler
      Minimum capital requirements are a central tool of banking regulation. Setting them balances a number of factors, including any effects on the cost of capital and in turn the rates available to borrowers. Standard theory predicts that, in perfect and efficient capital... View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Cost of Capital; Capital Markets; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; United States
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      Baker, Malcolm, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Do Strict Capital Requirements Raise the Cost of Capital? Banking Regulation and the Low Risk Anomaly." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19018, May 2013.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Online Word of Mouth and Product Review Disagreement

      By: Frank Nagle and Christoph Riedl
      Studies of online word of mouth have frequently posited―but never systematically conceptualized and explored―that the level of disagreement between existing product reviews can impact the volume and the valence of future reviews. In this study we develop a theoretical... View Details
      Keywords: Online Word Of Mouth; Online Communities; Viral Marketing; Online Product Reviews; Quality; Internet and the Web; Consumer Behavior; Marketing Reference Programs; Social and Collaborative Networks; Digital Marketing; Analytics and Data Science
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      Nagle, Frank, and Christoph Riedl. "Online Word of Mouth and Product Review Disagreement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-091, May 2013. (Revised May 2015, selected for AOM Best Paper Proceedings.)
      • 2013
      • Chapter

      Capturing History: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927

      By: David Moss and Jonathan Lackow
      In the study of regulation (and political economy more generally), there is a danger that historical inferences from theory may infect historical tests of theory. It is imperative, therefore, that historical tests always involve a vigorous search not only for... View Details
      Keywords: Capture; History By Inference; Economic Theory Of Regulation; Federal Radio Commission; Theory; Economics; Media and Broadcasting Industry; United States
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      Moss, David, and Jonathan Lackow. "Capturing History: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927." Chap. 8 in Preventing Regulatory Capture: Special Interest Influence and How to Limit It, edited by Daniel Carpenter and David Moss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
      • Spring 2013
      • Article

      Does Mandatory IFRS Adoption Improve the Information Environment?

      By: Joanne Horton, George Serafeim and Ioanna Serafeim
      We examine the effect of mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on firms' information environment. We find that after mandatory IFRS adoption, consensus forecast errors decrease for firms that mandatorily adopt IFRS relative to forecast... View Details
      Keywords: International Accounting; Financial Reporting; Standards; Information; Quality; Earnings Management
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      Horton, Joanne, George Serafeim, and Ioanna Serafeim. "Does Mandatory IFRS Adoption Improve the Information Environment?" Contemporary Accounting Research 30, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 388–423.
      • Article

      Agency Costs, Mispricing, and Ownership Structure

      By: Sergey Chernenko, C. Fritz Foley and Robin Greenwood
      Standard theories of corporate ownership assume that because markets are efficient, insiders ultimately bear all agency costs that they create and therefore have a strong incentive to minimize conflicts of interest with outside investors. We argue that if equity is... View Details
      Keywords: Business and Shareholder Relations; Ownership; Conflict of Interests; Investment; Valuation
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      Chernenko, Sergey, C. Fritz Foley, and Robin Greenwood. "Agency Costs, Mispricing, and Ownership Structure." Financial Management 41, no. 4 (Winter 2012): 885–914.
      • 2010
      • Book

      Rethinking the MBA: Business Education at a Crossroads

      By: Srikant M. Datar, David A. Garvin and Patrick Cullen
      "Business Schools Face Test of Faith." "Is It Time to Retrain B-Schools?" As these headlines make clear, business education is at a major crossroads. For decades, MBA graduates from top-tier schools set the standard for cutting-edge business knowledge and skills. Now... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Transformation; Business Education; Curriculum and Courses; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Problems and Challenges
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      Datar, Srikant M., David A. Garvin, and Patrick Cullen. Rethinking the MBA: Business Education at a Crossroads. Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2010. (Selected by Strategy + Business as one of the Best Business Books of 2010.)
      • 2010
      • Chapter

      Happiness Adaptation to Income beyond 'Basic Needs'

      By: Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch
      We test for whether, once "basic needs" are satisfied, there is happiness adaptation to further gains in income using three data sets. Individual German Panel Data from 1985 to 2000, and data on the well-being of over 600,000 people in a panel of European countries... View Details
      Keywords: Wealth and Poverty; Happiness; Human Needs; Income; Adaptation; Economic Growth
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      Di Tella, Rafael, and Robert MacCulloch. "Happiness Adaptation to Income beyond 'Basic Needs'." Chap. 8 in International Differences in Well-Being, edited by Ed Diener, John Helliwell, and Daniel Kahneman, 217–247. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
      • August 2009
      • Article

      Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer

      By: John Beshears and Katherine L. Milkman
      We study the effect of small windfalls on consumer spending decisions by comparing the purchases online grocery customers make when redeeming $10-off coupons with the purchases they make without coupons. Controlling for customer fixed effects and other variables, we... View Details
      Keywords: Mental Accounting; Windfalls; Marginal Propensity To Consume; Coupons; Marketing Communications; Consumer Behavior; Accounting; Cognition and Thinking; Retail Industry
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      Beshears, John, and Katherine L. Milkman. "Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71, no. 2 (August 2009): 384–394.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Rethinking the Role of History in Law & Economics: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927

      By: David A. Moss and Jonathan B. Lackow
      In the study of law and economics, there is a danger that historical inferences from theory may infect historical tests of theory.  It is imperative, therefore, that historical tests always involve a vigorous search not only for confirming evidence, but for... View Details
      Keywords: Economic History; Decision Choices and Conditions; Government Legislation; Law; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Moss, David A., and Jonathan B. Lackow. "Rethinking the Role of History in Law & Economics: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-008, August 2008.
      • July 2008
      • Article

      Fairness in Extended Dictator-Game Experiments

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Reiner Eichenberger
      We test the robustness of behavior in dictator games by offering allocators the choice to play an unattractive lottery. With this lottery option, mean transfers from allocators to recipients substantially decline, partly because many allocators now keep the entire... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Fairness; Game Theory; Risk and Uncertainty; Behavior
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Reiner Eichenberger. "Fairness in Extended Dictator-Game Experiments." Art. 16. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 8, no. 1 (July 2008).
      • August 2007
      • Article

      Remedying Education: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India

      By: A. Banerjee, Shawn A. Cole, E. Duflo and L. Linden
      This paper presents the results of two randomized experiments conducted in schools in urban India. A remedial education program hired young women to teach students lagging behind in basic literacy and numeracy skills. It increased average test scores of all children in... View Details
      Keywords: Literacy; Teaching; Performance Improvement; Competency and Skills; India
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      Banerjee, A., Shawn A. Cole, E. Duflo, and L. Linden. "Remedying Education: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India." Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 3 (August 2007): 1235–1264.
      • October 2006 (Revised August 2023)
      • Background Note

      Note on Student Outcomes in U.S. Public Education

      By: Stacey M. Childress, Stig Leschly and John J-H Kim
      Surveys educational outcomes among public school students in the United States. Educational outcomes are categorized as achievement outcomes (measured primarily by students' performance on standardized test results) and attainment outcomes (measured primarily by... View Details
      Keywords: Demographics; Education; Outcome or Result; Public Administration Industry; Education Industry; United States
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      Childress, Stacey M., Stig Leschly, and John J-H Kim. "Note on Student Outcomes in U.S. Public Education." Harvard Business School Background Note 307-068, October 2006. (Revised August 2023.)
      • August 2005 (Revised December 2006)
      • Case

      Procter & Gamble: Electronic Data Capture and Clinical Trial Management

      By: Robert S. Huckman and Mark J. Cotteleer
      Considers whether the management of Procter & Gamble (P&G) Pharmaceuticals should adopt Web-based electronic data capture (EDC) as the default standard for the management of its clinical drug trials. Provides a detailed description of the existing paper-based process... View Details
      Keywords: Health Testing and Trials; Internet and the Web; Information Technology; Adoption; Business Processes; Industry Structures; Technological Innovation; Service Operations; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Huckman, Robert S., and Mark J. Cotteleer. "Procter & Gamble: Electronic Data Capture and Clinical Trial Management." Harvard Business School Case 606-033, August 2005. (Revised December 2006.)
      • September 2004 (Revised January 2006)
      • Tutorial

      Introduction to Cost Accounting Systems

      By: David F. Hawkins, V.G. Narayanan, Jacob Cohen and Michele Jurgens
      Covers the basics of cost system design, demonstrating in a clear, step-by-step fashion how costs are assigned to cost objects. Key concepts include direct and indirect costs, two-stage allocation, cost pools, and cost drivers. Also provides a brief review of several... View Details
      Keywords: Cost Accounting; Cost; System
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      "Introduction to Cost Accounting Systems." Harvard Business School Tutorial 105-701, September 2004. (Revised January 2006.)
      • March 1987
      • Article

      Using Survey Data to Test Standard Propositions Regarding Exchange Rate Expectations

      By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
      Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; Asset Pricing; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; Analytics and Data Science; Finance
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      Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "Using Survey Data to Test Standard Propositions Regarding Exchange Rate Expectations." American Economic Review 77, no. 1 (March 1987): 133–153. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 1672.)
      • Teaching Interest

      Negotiation

      By: Kevin P. Mohan

      Managerial success requires the ability to negotiate. Whether you are forging an agreement with your suppliers, trying to ink a deal with potential customers, raising money from investors, managing a conflict inside your firm, or resolving a dispute that is headed... View Details

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