Publications

April 2005 (Revised January 2006)
Background Note

Note on Basic Option Properties

Options are contracts that give the right, but not the obligation, to either buy or sell a specific underlying security for a specified price on or before a specific date. Explains the basis of options, covering fundamentals such as option terminology, the payoff... View Details

Keywords: Stock Options

October 2001 (Revised February 2007)
Background Note

Accounting for Employee Stock Options

Employees who have been granted stock options have the right to purchase shares of their company's stock at a specified price within a specified time period. The accounting for such employee stock options has been a controversial and complex topic for decades. The... View Details

Keywords: Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Accounting

April 2005 (Revised February 2006)
Background Note

Note on Option Valuation

For every option, a fair price has to be established. But how do you actually price an option? Assuming a basic knowledge of options, this note covers two pricing methods: the binominal tree and the Black-Scholes/Merton formula. View Details

Keywords: Valuation; Stock Options

2025
Working Paper

How Do Households Suppress the Price of Tail Risk?

By: Laurent Calvet, Claire Célérier, Gordon Liao and Boris Vallée

This paper investigates the effects of the issuance of retail products with non-linear payoffs on option prices. For a given underlying asset, when the outstanding volume of products embedding a short-put position increases, implied volatility at the corresponding... View Details

Keywords: Security Design; Dividend; Options; Structured Products; Market Segmentation; Financial Instruments; Design; Volatility; Markets; Segmentation

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09 May 2000
Research & Ideas

Stock Options Are Not All Created Equal

years of weak performance (and low stock values). To see how that works, let's look at the pay of a hypothetical CEO whom I'll call John. As part of his pay plan, John receives $1 million in at-the-money options each year. In the first... View Details

Keywords: by Brian Hall

May 2009
Teaching Note

Nextel Partners: Put Option (TN)

By: Timothy A. Luehrman

Teaching Note for [207-128] View Details

Keywords: Business and Shareholder Relations; Voting; Price; Public Ownership; Valuation; Financial Liquidity; Stock Options; Management Practices and Processes; Telecommunications Industry

2001
Working Paper

Do Underwater Executive Stock Options Still Align Incentives? The Effect of Stock Price Movements on Managerial Incentive-Alignment

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February 1995
Teaching Note

Corporate Financial Management: Options Exercises (TN)

By: Timothy A. Luehrman

Teaching Note for (9-293-095). View Details

Keywords: Decisions; Price; Stock Options; Theory; Investment; Corporate Finance

2008
Simulation

Pricing Simulation: Universal Car Rental

By: John T. Gourville

This web-based simulation presents an engaging context in which students develop their knowledge of pricing by managing a rental car operation (Universal) in Florida and improve regional performance by developing a pricing strategy. The simulation involves three... View Details

Keywords: Competition; Consumer Behavior; Price; Profit; Renting or Rental; Auto Industry; Service Industry; Miami; Orlando; Tampa

28 Jun 2004
Research & Ideas

How to Avoid a Price Increase

When product companies see the cost of materials rise, the result for consumers is often a price increase (gasoline) or, less often, a smaller amount of product at the same price (potato chips). Which View Details

Keywords: by Manda Salls

June 1977
Article

An Analytic Derivation of the Cost of Deposit Insurance and Loan Guarantees : An Application of Modern Option Pricing Theory

By: Robert C. Merton

Keywords: Cost; Insurance; Financing and Loans; Price; Theory

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12 Oct 1999
Research & Ideas

Paid for Success: Options for Compensating CEOs

stock price falls substantially, the CEO will be left holding options that have lost most of their value (a scenario economists describe as "out of the money"). And while there may be some chance... View Details

Keywords: by Judith A. Ross

January 2013 (Revised April 2017)
Supplement

Maxum Petroleum, Inc.

By: W. Carl Kester

Maxum seeks an oil-price hedging strategy that yields substantial cash during oil price spikes, is affordable under ordinary circumstances, and is easily managed. It is striving to avoid a repeat of the challenging situation encountered in 2008 when spiking oil prices... View Details

Keywords: Hedging; Options; Commodities; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Risk Management; Futures and Commodity Futures; Financial Strategy; Volatility

17 Jan 2024
HBS Case

Psychological Pricing Tactics to Fight the Inflation Blues

subconscious biases and attempt to get them to view certain prices as attractive and fair. The tactics range from offering tiered pricing options to old standby sales... View Details

Keywords: by Jay Fitzgerald; Consumer Products; Retail

August 2014 (Revised March 2015)
Case

Molycorp: Morgan Brothers' Reverse Convertible Notes (C)

By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield

In August 2011, Morgan Brothers Bank was issuing a $2.5 million reverse convertible note with payoffs linked to the price of Molycorp's common stock. These financially engineered securities were just one of many kinds of structured notes available in the retail market.... View Details

Keywords: Structured Products; Reverse Convertible Notes; Replication; Option Pricing; Bond Pricing; Financial Engineering; Valuation; Metals and Minerals; Debt Securities; Finance; Investment; Mining Industry; Financial Services Industry; Canada; California

October 2005 (Revised June 2007)
Case

Apollo Hospitals--First-World Health Care at Emerging-Market Prices

By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Tarun Khanna and Carin-Isabel Knoop

The Apollo Hospitals Group, one of Asia's premier health care organizations, had come to rival the best health care organizations on the globe. Apollo offered advanced medical procedures, such as cardiac surgery using the beating heart technique, at very high levels of... View Details

Keywords: Vertical Integration; Decision Choices and Conditions; Health Care and Treatment; Global Strategy; Developing Countries and Economies; Health Industry; Thailand; United States; India