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      • January 2018
      • Case

      Trian Partners' Proxy Contest at Procter & Gamble

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Quinn Pitcher
      In July 2017, activist hedge fund Trian Partners announced that it was launching a proxy fight at U.S. consumer goods giant Procter & Gamble. P&G would be the largest company ever subjected to a proxy fight, as Trian sought to have its CEO, Nelson Peltz, elected to the... View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Corporate Governance; Institutional Investing; Investment Activism; Business and Shareholder Relations; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Quinn Pitcher. "Trian Partners' Proxy Contest at Procter & Gamble." Harvard Business School Case 118-049, January 2018.
      • December 2016 (Revised March 2017)
      • Case

      Beingmate

      By: David E. Bell, Juan Ma and Natalie Kindred
      Founded in 2002, Hangzhou, China–based Beingmate was a major producer of infant formula and related products in the high-demand Chinese market. After an infamous 2008 food safety episode in China, in which toxic infant formula sickened thousands of babies and led to... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Partners and Partnerships; Food and Beverage Industry; China
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      Bell, David E., Juan Ma, and Natalie Kindred. "Beingmate." Harvard Business School Case 517-050, December 2016. (Revised March 2017.)
      • May 2016 (Revised June 2017)
      • Case

      India's Amul: Keeping Up with the Times

      By: Rohit Deshpandé, Tarun Khanna, Namrata Arora and Tanya Bijlani
      Amul is an Indian dairy cooperative founded in 1947—eight months before India's independence from British rule—and owned by over three million farmers in the state of Gujarat. It is India's largest food product marketing organization, selling 46 products, including... View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Expansion; Dairy; India; Cooperatives; Milk; Leadership; Agriculture; Agribusiness; Competition; Marketing; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
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      Deshpandé, Rohit, Tarun Khanna, Namrata Arora, and Tanya Bijlani. "India's Amul: Keeping Up with the Times." Harvard Business School Case 516-116, May 2016. (Revised June 2017.)
      • March 2016
      • Article

      To Groupon or Not to Groupon: The Profitability of Deep Discounts

      By: Benjamin Edelman, Sonia Jaffe and Scott Duke Kominers
      We examine the profitability and implications of online discount vouchers, a relatively new marketing tool that offers consumers large discounts when they prepay for participating firms' goods and services. Within a model of repeat experience good purchase, we examine... View Details
      Keywords: Voucher Discounts; Groupon; Experience Goods; Repeat Purchase; Internet and the Web; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications
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      Edelman, Benjamin, Sonia Jaffe, and Scott Duke Kominers. "To Groupon or Not to Groupon: The Profitability of Deep Discounts." Marketing Letters 27, no. 1 (March 2016): 39–53. (First circulated in June 2011. Featured in Working Knowledge: Is Groupon Good for Retailers? Excerpted in HBR Blogs: To Groupon or Not To Groupon: New Research on Voucher Profitability.)
      • Article

      De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Heterogeneity in Preferences and Optimal Redistribution

      By: Benjamin B Lockwood and Matthew Weinzierl
      The prominent but unproven intuition that preference heterogeneity reduces redistribution in a standard optimal tax model is shown to hold under the plausible condition that the distribution of preferences for consumption relative to leisure rises, in terms of... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Income; Decision Choices and Conditions; Consumer Behavior; Taxation; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics
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      Lockwood, Benjamin B., and Matthew Weinzierl. "De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Heterogeneity in Preferences and Optimal Redistribution." Journal of Public Economics 124 (April 2015): 74–80. (Also NBER Working Paper Series, No. 17784, September 2014 and Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-063, January 2012.)
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis

      By: Laura Alfaro, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor and Paola Conconi
      In recent decades, advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the... View Details
      Keywords: Global Value Chains; Sequential Production; Incomplete Contracts; Demand and Consumers; Customer Value and Value Chain; Globalization
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      Alfaro, Laura, Pol Antràs, Davin Chor, and Paola Conconi. "Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-028, September 2015. (Updated October 2017. See Online Appendix. Also NBER Working Paper 21582. Forthcoming in the Journal of Political Economy.)
      • December 2013
      • Case

      Clique Pens: The Writing Implements Division of U.S. Home

      By: Frank V. Cespedes and James Kindley
      The Clique Pens Writing Implements division of U.S. Home is a manufacturer of a full line of pens, pencils, markers, and art supplies. Despite solid sales, division president Elise Ferguson has seen gross margins drop from 42% in 2010 to just over 36% in 2012 as a... View Details
      Keywords: Production; Marketing Strategy; Distribution Channels; Compensation and Benefits; Sales; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry
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      Cespedes, Frank V., and James Kindley. "Clique Pens: The Writing Implements Division of U.S. Home." Harvard Business School Brief Case 914-525, December 2013.
      • December 2012
      • Article

      Bolstering and Restoring Feelings of Competence via the IKEA Effect

      By: Daniel Mochon, Michael I. Norton and Dan Ariely
      We examine the underlying process behind the IKEA effect, which is defined as consumers' willingness to pay more for self-created products than for identical products made by others, and explore the factors that influence both consumers' willingness to engage in... View Details
      Keywords: Value; Consumer Behavior; Attitudes
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      Mochon, Daniel, Michael I. Norton, and Dan Ariely. "Bolstering and Restoring Feelings of Competence via the IKEA Effect." International Journal of Research in Marketing 29, no. 4 (December 2012): 363–369.
      • April 2012
      • Article

      The Impact of Relative Standards on the Propensity to Disclose

      By: Alessandro Acquisti, Leslie John and George Loewenstein
      Two sets of studies illustrate the comparative nature of disclosure behavior. The first set investigates how divulgence is affected by signals about others' readiness to divulge. Study 1A shows a "herding" effect, such that survey respondents are more willing to... View Details
      Keywords: Rights; Surveys; Management Practices and Processes; Ethics; Corporate Disclosure; Judgments; Consumer Behavior; Standards
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      Acquisti, Alessandro, Leslie John, and George Loewenstein. "The Impact of Relative Standards on the Propensity to Disclose." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 49, no. 2 (April 2012): 160–174.
      • April 2012
      • Article

      Bouncing Out of the Banking System: An Empirical Analysis of Involuntary Bank Account Closures

      By: Dennis Campbell, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez and Peter Tufano
      Using a new database, we document the factors that relate to the extent of involuntary consumer bank account closure resulting from excessive overdraft activity. Consumers who have accounts involuntarily closed for overdraft activity may have limited or no access to... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Customers; Social Issues; Outcome or Result; Budgets and Budgeting; Forecasting and Prediction; Competition; Banks and Banking; Policy; Personal Characteristics; Credit; Employment; United States
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      Campbell, Dennis, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez, and Peter Tufano. "Bouncing Out of the Banking System: An Empirical Analysis of Involuntary Bank Account Closures." Journal of Banking & Finance 36, no. 4 (April 2012): 1224–1235.
      • October 2011 (Revised March 2012)
      • Case

      Cottle-Taylor: Expanding the Oral Care Group in India

      By: John A. Quelch and Alisa Zalosh
      Brinda Patel, director of oral care products for the India division of a consumer home-care product company, develops a data-driven marketing plan for toothbrushes. She believes her plan can support a 20% increase in unit sales based on rising demand for modern... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting; Budgeting; International Marketing; Product Planning & Policy; Sales Promotions; Marketing Plans; Products; Marketing Strategy; Consumer Behavior; Emerging Markets; Forecasting and Prediction; Advertising; Product Launch; Budgets and Budgeting; Product Development; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; India
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      Quelch, John A., and Alisa Zalosh. "Cottle-Taylor: Expanding the Oral Care Group in India." Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-350, October 2011. (Revised March 2012.)
      • Article

      Product Positioning in a Two-Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model: The Role of Quality Costs

      By: Dominique Lauga and Elie Ofek
      We study a duopoly model where consumers are heterogeneous with respect to their willingness to pay for two product characteristics and marginal costs are increasing with the quality level chosen on each attribute. We show that while firms seek to manage competition... View Details
      Keywords: Duopoly and Oligopoly; Customers; Quality; Product Positioning; Competition; Management; Cost; Product
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      Lauga, Dominique, and Elie Ofek. "Product Positioning in a Two-Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model: The Role of Quality Costs." Marketing Science 30, no. 5 (September–October 2011): 903–923.
      • March 2011
      • Article

      Cheaper Patents

      By: Tom Nicholas
      The 1883 Patents Act in Britain provides perspective for modern patent policy reforms because it radically changed incentives for inventors by reducing filing fees by 84 percent. Patents increased 2.5 fold after the reform, which was evenly distributed across the... View Details
      Keywords: Patents; Global Range; Distribution; Demand and Consumers; Organizational Structure; Business Processes; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Fluctuation; Motivation and Incentives; Distribution Industry; United States; Great Britain
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      Nicholas, Tom. "Cheaper Patents." Research Policy 40, no. 2 (March 2011).
      • July 2010
      • Case

      Monmouth, Inc.

      By: Thomas R. Piper and Heide Abelli
      The management of Monmouth Inc. is considering whether to acquire the Robertson Tool Company and the value and form that the acquisition should take. Value can be assessed using a variety of approaches including a DCF with WACC analysis, impact on EPS and market... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Bidding; Forecasting; Stock Offerings; Mergers & Acquisitions; Margins; Stocks; Valuation; Mergers and Acquisitions; Forecasting and Prediction; Bids and Bidding; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry
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      Piper, Thomas R., and Heide Abelli. "Monmouth, Inc." Harvard Business School Brief Case 104-226, July 2010.
      • July 2010
      • Supplement

      Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Pricing and Profitability Analysis (CW)

      By: Thomas J. Steenburgh and Jill Avery
      Pricing is one of the most difficult decisions marketers make and the one with the most direct and immediate impact on the firm's financial position. This toolkit will introduce the fundamental terminology and calculations associated with pricing and profitability... View Details
      Keywords: Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Marketing Strategy; Decisions; Strategic Planning; Price; Partners and Partnerships; Cost; Demand and Consumers; Revenue; Profit; Mathematical Methods; Measurement and Metrics
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      Steenburgh, Thomas J., and Jill Avery. "Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Pricing and Profitability Analysis (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 511-701, July 2010.
      • July 2010 (Revised December 2011)
      • Background Note

      Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Pricing and Profitability Analysis

      By: Thomas J. Steenburgh and Jill Avery
      Pricing is one of the most difficult decisions marketers make and the one with the most direct and immediate impact on the firm's financial position. This toolkit will introduce the fundamental terminology and calculations associated with pricing and profitability... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Price; Profit; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Marketing Strategy; Demand and Consumers; Measurement and Metrics; Strategic Planning; Mathematical Methods; Retail Industry
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      Steenburgh, Thomas J., and Jill Avery. "Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Pricing and Profitability Analysis." Harvard Business School Background Note 511-028, July 2010. (Revised December 2011.)
      • June 2010 (Revised July 2011)
      • Case

      Classic Knitwear and Guardian: A Perfect Fit?

      By: John A. Quelch and Patricia Girardi
      Classic Knitwear manufactures and distributes casual apparel, either unbranded or under a private-label brand name. Partly because Classic has no brand recognition with consumers, gross margins are low. To improve margins, the company considers partnering via a... View Details
      Keywords: Market Research; Forecasting; Consumer Marketing; New Product Marketing; Product Lines; Merchandising; Branding; Demand and Consumers; Partners and Partnerships; Marketing Strategy; Forecasting and Prediction; Product Marketing; Brands and Branding; Product Development; Manufacturing Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry
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      Quelch, John A., and Patricia Girardi. "Classic Knitwear and Guardian: A Perfect Fit?" Harvard Business School Brief Case 104-217, June 2010. (Revised July 2011.)
      • February 2010 (Revised June 2022)
      • Case

      Dollarama Inc.

      By: Andre F. Perold
      Dollarama is the leading operator of dollar stores in Canada. The firm performed extraordinarily well after a leveraged buyout in 2004 and recently executed a highly successful IPO. The company sources its goods primarily from Asia. It has strong brand recognition and... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Supply Chain; Competitive Advantage; Valuation; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Canada
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      Perold, Andre F. "Dollarama Inc." Harvard Business School Case 210-041, February 2010. (Revised June 2022.)
      • August 2009
      • Article

      Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer

      By: John Beshears and Katherine L. Milkman
      We study the effect of small windfalls on consumer spending decisions by comparing the purchases online grocery customers make when redeeming $10-off coupons with the purchases they make without coupons. Controlling for customer fixed effects and other variables, we... View Details
      Keywords: Mental Accounting; Windfalls; Marginal Propensity To Consume; Coupons; Marketing Communications; Consumer Behavior; Accounting; Cognition and Thinking; Retail Industry
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      Beshears, John, and Katherine L. Milkman. "Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71, no. 2 (August 2009): 384–394.
      • July – August 2008
      • Article

      Should You Invest in the Long Tail?

      By: Anita Elberse
      The blockbuster strategy is a time-honored approach, particularly in media and entertainment. When space is limited on store shelves and in traditional distribution channels, producers tend to focus on a few likely best sellers, hoping that one or two big hits will... View Details
      Keywords: Demand and Consumers; Distribution Channels; Sales; Marketing Strategy; Online Technology; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; Music Industry; Retail Industry
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      Elberse, Anita. "Should You Invest in the Long Tail?" HBS Centennial Issue Harvard Business Review 86, nos. 7/8 (July–August 2008): 88–96. (HBS Centennial Issue.)
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