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      • Faculty Publications  (42)

      Dominant DesignRemove Dominant Design →

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      • October 2014
      • Article

      Hidden Structure: Using Network Methods to Map System Architecture

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and John Rusnak
      In this paper, we describe an operational methodology for characterizing the architecture of complex technical systems and demonstrate its application to a large sample of software releases. Our methodology is based upon directed network graphs, which allows us to... View Details
      Keywords: Architecture; Modularity; Dominant Designs; Complexity; Product Design; Software
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., Alan MacCormack, and John Rusnak. "Hidden Structure: Using Network Methods to Map System Architecture." Research Policy 43, no. 8 (October 2014): 1381–1397.
      • March 2014 (Revised March 2015)
      • Case

      Samsung Electronics: TV in an Era of Convergence

      By: Karim R. Lakhani, Marco Iansiti and Kerry Herman
      From the late 1990s to 2006/2007, Samsung Electronics moved from one of 170 TV manufacturers to gain dominant TV market share year over year from 2007-2013. As digital technologies increasingly converged in 2013-2014, the industry faced new questions: What was the... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Innovation; Technology; Technology Management; Digital Convergence; Digital Technology; Innovation; Korea; Samsung; Television; Technological Innovation; Information Technology; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Innovation and Management; Product Development; Product Design; Electronics Industry; Korean Peninsula; Asia
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      Lakhani, Karim R., Marco Iansiti, and Kerry Herman. "Samsung Electronics: TV in an Era of Convergence." Harvard Business School Case 614-034, March 2014. (Revised March 2015.)
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      Visualizing and Measuring Software Portfolio Architectures: A Flexibility Analysis

      By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and David Dreyfus
      In this paper, we test a method for visualizing and measuring software portfolio architectures and use our measures to predict the costs of architectural change. Our data is drawn from a biopharmaceutical company, comprising 407 architectural components with 1,157... View Details
      Keywords: Design Structure Matrices; Software Architecture; Flexibility; Software Application Portfolio; Complexity; Applications and Software; Forecasting and Prediction
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      Lagerstrom, Robert, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, and David Dreyfus. "Visualizing and Measuring Software Portfolio Architectures: A Flexibility Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-083, March 2014.
      • August 2013 (Revised November 2013)
      • Case

      Ford vs. GM: The Evolution of Mass Production (A)

      By: Willy Shih

      This case explores the very different paths taken by the Ford Motor Company and the General Motors Corporation in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Henry Ford's Model T was a car for the masses. After considerable experimentation, Ford Motor... View Details

      Keywords: Innovation; Exploration; Dominant Design; Business Growth and Maturation; Business History; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Product Design; Product Development; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Vertical Integration; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Michigan
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      Shih, Willy. "Ford vs. GM: The Evolution of Mass Production (A)." Harvard Business School Case 614-010, August 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
      • August 2013 (Revised November 2013)
      • Supplement

      Ford vs. GM: The Evolution of Mass Production (B)

      By: Willy Shih

      This case explores the very different paths taken by the Ford Motor Company and the General Motors Corporation in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Henry Ford's Model T was a car for the masses. After considerable experimentation, Ford Motor... View Details

      Keywords: Innovation; Exploration; Dominant Design; Business Growth and Maturation; Business History; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Product Design; Product Development; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Vertical Integration; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Michigan
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      Shih, Willy. "Ford vs. GM: The Evolution of Mass Production (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 614-011, August 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
      • 2013
      • Dissertation

      Designing Freemium: A Model of Consumer Usage, Upgrade, and Referral Dynamics

      By: Clarence Lee, Vineet Kumar and Sunil Gupta
      Abstract. Over the past decade "freemium" (free + premium) has become the dominant business model among internet start-ups for its ability to acquire and monetize a large install-base with limited marketing resources. Freemium is a hybrid strategy where a firm offers... View Details
      Keywords: Discrete-Continuous Choice Dynamic Structural Models; Bayesian Estimation; Word-of-Mouth; Digital Services; Freemium; Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Motivation and Incentives; Marketing Strategy; Internet and the Web; Consumer Behavior; Marketing Reference Programs; Business Startups
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      Lee, Clarence, Vineet Kumar, and Sunil Gupta. "Designing Freemium: A Model of Consumer Usage, Upgrade, and Referral Dynamics." Diss., Harvard Business School, 2013. (Job Market Paper.)
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      Hidden Structure: Using Network Methods to Map System Architecture

      By: Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and John Rusnak
      In this paper, we describe an operational methodology for characterising the architecture of complex technical systems and demonstrate its application to a large sample of software releases. Our methodology is based upon directed network graphs, which allows us to... View Details
      Keywords: Complexity; Applications and Software; Product Design
      Citation
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      Baldwin, Carliss, Alan MacCormack, and John Rusnak. "Hidden Structure: Using Network Methods to Map System Architecture." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-093, May 2013. (Revised April 2014.)
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Entrepreneurs, Firms and Global Wealth since 1850

      By: G. Jones
      This working paper integrates the role of entrepreneurship and firms into debates on why Asia, Latin America and Africa were slow to catch up with the West following the Industrial Revolution and the advent of modern economic growth. It argues that the currently... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Change; Political Economy; Emerging Economies; Developing Countries; Industrial Development; Culture; Human Capital; Economic History; History; Wealth and Poverty; Business History; Emerging Markets; Globalization; Developing Countries and Economies; Manufacturing Industry; Mining Industry; Service Industry; Latin America; Asia; North and Central America; Africa; South America; Europe
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      Jones, G. "Entrepreneurs, Firms and Global Wealth since 1850." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-076, March 2013.
      • May 2011
      • Article

      Incentives and Problem Uncertainty in Innovation Contests: An Empirical Analysis

      By: Kevin J. Boudreau, Nicola Lacetera and Karim R. Lakhani
      Contests are a historically important and increasingly popular mechanism for encouraging innovation. A central concern in designing innovation contests is how many competitors to admit. Using a unique data set of 9,661 software contests, we provide evidence of two... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Problems and Challenges; Risk and Uncertainty; Innovation and Invention; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Value; Applications and Software; Competition; Performance; Theory; Practice
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      Boudreau, Kevin J., Nicola Lacetera, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Incentives and Problem Uncertainty in Innovation Contests: An Empirical Analysis." Management Science 57, no. 5 (May 2011): 843–863.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      How Foundations Think: The Ford Foundation as a Dominating Institution in the Field of American Business Schools

      By: Rakesh Khurana, Kenneth Kimura and Marion Fourcade
      The question of institutional change has become central to organizational research (Powell, 2008). Recent scholarship has demonstrated, often through carefully researched cases, that institutions can and sometimes do change. According to this research, there are two... View Details
      Keywords: Change; Business Education; Business History; Organizations; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Relationships; Behavior
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      Khurana, Rakesh, Kenneth Kimura, and Marion Fourcade. "How Foundations Think: The Ford Foundation as a Dominating Institution in the Field of American Business Schools." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-070, January 2011.
      • February 2009 (Revised April 2011)
      • Case

      Mistry Architects (A)

      By: Amy C. Edmondson, Robert G. Eccles and Mona Sinha
      Describes an architecture firm founded and run by a husband and wife team, Sharukh and Renu Mistry, that emphasizes "green" building. The firm presents an unusual mix of projects-spanning the spectrum from larger corporate projects to small private homes. The mix also... View Details
      Keywords: Family Business; Customer Focus and Relationships; Design; Housing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Community Relations; Environmental Sustainability; Nonprofit Organizations; Conflict and Resolution
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      Edmondson, Amy C., Robert G. Eccles, and Mona Sinha. "Mistry Architects (A)." Harvard Business School Case 609-044, February 2009. (Revised April 2011.)
      • February 2009 (Revised December 2010)
      • Case

      Upgrading the Economy: Industrial Policy and Taiwan's Semiconductor Industry

      By: Willy C. Shih and Jyun-Cheng Wang
      The government-led creation and incubation of the semiconductor industry in Taiwan is a striking success for advocates of strong industrial policy. It has led to the island nation's domination of the global "foundry" business in which firms like Taiwan Semiconductor... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Industry Structures; State Ownership; Business and Government Relations; Competition; Semiconductor Industry; Taiwan
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      Shih, Willy C., and Jyun-Cheng Wang. "Upgrading the Economy: Industrial Policy and Taiwan's Semiconductor Industry." Harvard Business School Case 609-089, February 2009. (Revised December 2010.)
      • April 2008
      • Module Note

      Service Design in the Context of Customer-Operators

      By: Frances X. Frei
      Taught as the second module in a Harvard Business School course on Managing Service Operations: Understanding the Customer Operating Role (606-092). Addresses the design and management of service operations with significant customer operating roles. The focus is on... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Management; Design; Service Operations; Cost
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      Frei, Frances X. "Service Design in the Context of Customer-Operators." Harvard Business School Module Note 608-134, April 2008.
      • June 2007 (Revised April 2009)
      • Case

      Intel 2006: Rising to the Graphics Challenge

      By: Willy C. Shih and Elie Ofek
      Examines the evolution of the PC hardware industry over the span of two and a half decades. The open architecture design of the IBM Personal Computer followed by the rapid appearance of clones drove a high level of standardization and modularity in the industry, and... View Details
      Keywords: History; Customer Value and Value Chain; Decision Choices and Conditions; Information Infrastructure; Competitive Strategy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Technology Industry
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      Shih, Willy C., and Elie Ofek. "Intel 2006: Rising to the Graphics Challenge." Harvard Business School Case 607-136, June 2007. (Revised April 2009.)
      • 2002
      • Chapter

      Dominant Designs, Technology Cycles, and Organizational Outcomes

      By: Michael L. Tushman and Johann Peter Murmann
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Information Technology; Outcome or Result
      Citation
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      Tushman, Michael L., and Johann Peter Murmann. "Dominant Designs, Technology Cycles, and Organizational Outcomes." Chap. 10 in Managing in the Modular Age: Architectures, Networks, and Organizations, edited by Raghu Garud, Arun Kumaraswamy, and Richard Langlois, 316–348. Blackwell Publishing, 2002.
      • 2001
      • Chapter

      From the Technology Cycle to the Entrepreneurship Dynamic: Placing Dominant Designs in Social Context

      By: J. Murmann and M. Tushman
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Organizational Design
      Citation
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      Murmann, J., and M. Tushman. "From the Technology Cycle to the Entrepreneurship Dynamic: Placing Dominant Designs in Social Context." In The Entrepreneurship Dynamic: The Origins of Entrepreneurship and Its Role in Industry Evolution, edited by K. Schoonhoven and E. Romanelli, 178–203. Stanford University Press, 2001.
      • June 2001
      • Background Note

      Information Technology Management from 1960-2000

      By: Richard L. Nolan
      Covers the history of IT management from 1960 to the present. Applies the Stages Theory as a basis to trace the evolution of the three dominant IT designs (mainframes, microcomputers, networks) and how companies used and managed IT in each era. View Details
      Keywords: Management; Information Technology; Industry Growth
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      Nolan, Richard L. "Information Technology Management from 1960-2000." Harvard Business School Background Note 301-147, June 2001.
      • 1998
      • Article

      Dominant Designs, Innovation Types and Organizational Outcomes

      By: Michael Tushman and P. Murmann
      Keywords: Design; Innovation and Invention; Outcome or Result
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      Tushman, Michael, and P. Murmann. "Dominant Designs, Innovation Types and Organizational Outcomes." Research in Organizational Behavior 20 (1998). (Winner of Stephan Schrader Best Paper Award presented by Academy of Management​.)
      • February 1992 (Revised March 1993)
      • Case

      Intel Corp.--1992

      By: Kenneth A. Froot
      Intel Corp., the world's dominant designer and manufacturer of microprocessors (the "brains" of the personal computer), has accumulated a large amount of cash (net of debt). Furthermore, it expects to continue to accumulate cash at an unprecedented rate. Has the... View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Financial Management; Competition; Multinational Firms and Management; Cash; Technological Innovation; Capital Structure; Investment Return; Equity; Financial Strategy; Corporate Finance; Semiconductor Industry; United States
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      Froot, Kenneth A. "Intel Corp.--1992." Harvard Business School Case 292-106, February 1992. (Revised March 1993.)
      • January 1992
      • Article

      The Role of Executive Team Actions in Shaping Dominant Designs: Towards Shaping Technological Progress

      By: R. McGrath, Ian MacMillan and M. Tushman
      Keywords: Groups and Teams; Design; Technology
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      McGrath, R., Ian MacMillan, and M. Tushman. "The Role of Executive Team Actions in Shaping Dominant Designs: Towards Shaping Technological Progress." Strategic Management Journal 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 137–161.
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