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  • February 2018 (Revised October 2019)
  • Case

HubSpot and Motion AI: Chatbot-Enabled CRM

By: Jill Avery and Thomas Steenburgh
HubSpot, an inbound marketing, sales, and customer relationship management (CRM) software provider, announced that it had acquired Motion AI, a software platform that enabled companies to easily build and deploy chatbots, fueled by artificial intelligence, to interact... View Details
Keywords: CRM; Sales Management; Customer Service; Artificial Intelligence; B2B Vs. B2C; Business Marketing; SaaS; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Customer Focus and Relationships; Sales; Salesforce Management; Technological Innovation; Applications and Software; Customer Relationship Management; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; Service Industry; United States; North America
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  • May 2024
  • Article

The Health Risks of Generative AI-Based Wellness Apps

By: Julian De Freitas and G. Cohen
Artifcial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots are increasingly being used to help people manage their mental health. Chatbots for mental health and particularly ‘wellness’ applications currently exist in a regulatory ‘gray area’. Indeed, most generative AI-powered... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Applications and Software
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  • April 2023 (Revised September 2023)
  • Case

Apple's iPhone Revolution: Pioneering the Circular Economy

By: George Serafeim
When asked to identify an example of a circular economy business model that has generated billions in revenues for a company, ChatGPT, the famous chatbot that in 2022 rocked the world with its ability to perform a variety of tasks, immediately identified and... View Details
Keywords: Iphone; Smartphone; Waste Management; Recycling; Innovation; Product Upgrade; Product Life Cycle; Sustainability; Climate Impact; Digital; Business Model Innovation; Climate Change; Information Technology; Business Model; Electronics Industry; Information Technology Industry
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  • September 2020 (Revised September 2021)
  • Supplement

Student Success at Georgia State University (B)

By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
This is a supplement to the Student Success at Georgia State University (A) case. The (B) case includes the results of a randomized control trial that Georgia State conducted to test education technology start-up AdmitHub’s chatbot solution as a strategy for improving... View Details
Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum and Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Values and Beliefs; Leadership; Goals and Objectives; Measurement and Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Outcome or Result; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation; Performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Information Technology; Digital Platforms; Education Industry; Atlanta
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  • January 2023 (Revised June 2023)
  • Case

Replika: Embodying AI

By: Shikhar Ghosh, Shweta Bagai and Marilyn Morgan Westner
Replika was a virtual AI companion that provided a way for people to process their emotions, build connections in a safe environment, and get through periods of loneliness. The chatbot fulfilled a user's need for a friend, romantic partner, or purely an emotional... View Details
Keywords: AI; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Human Needs; California
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  • 18 Sep 2021
  • News

Celebrating AI-Infused Talent Management at the Eightfold Conference

  • December 2023 (Revised August 2024)
  • Case

Monsters in the Machine? Tackling the Challenge of Responsible AI

By: Paul M. Healy and Debora L. Spar
In November of 2022, the small tech company OpenAI released ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot which quickly captured the public’s imagination—becoming the world’s fastest-growing consumer application within months of its release. Though observers from across... View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Ethics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Technology Adoption; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Technology Industry; United States; European Union; China
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  • October 2023 (Revised January 2025)
  • Case

Sydney Loves Kevin

By: Ryan W. Buell and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Kevin Roose was a columnist and podcast host for the New York Times, who focused on technology and its effects on society. When Microsoft launched the latest version of its search engine Bing in February 2023, the company invited Roose to its Redmond campus to... View Details
Keywords: Newspapers; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Technological Innovation; Perspective; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Technology Industry
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  • 2025
  • Working Paper

Lessons from an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships

By: Julian De Freitas, Noah Castelo, Ahmet K. Uğuralp and Zeliha O. Uğuralp
As consumers increasingly interact with AI applications specialized for social relationships, what is the nature and depth of these relationships among actual users, and can company actions influence these dynamics? We find that active users of the US-based AI... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Welfare; Loss; Well-being; Identity; Perception; Relationships
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  • May 2024
  • Teaching Note

AI Wars

By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 723-434. In 2024, the world was looking to Google to see what the search giant and long-time putative technical leader in artificial intelligence (AI) would do to compete in the massively hyped technology of generative AI popularized over... View Details
Keywords: AI; Trends; AI and Machine Learning; Public Opinion; Technological Innovation; Competitive Advantage; Technology Industry
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  • April 2023 (Revised February 2024)
  • Case

AI Wars

By: Andy Wu, Matt Higgins, Miaomiao Zhang and Hang Jiang
In February 2024, the world was looking to Google to see what the search giant and long-time putative technical leader in artificial intelligence (AI) would do to compete in the massively hyped technology of generative AI. Over a year ago, OpenAI released ChatGPT, a... View Details
Keywords: AI; Artificial Intelligence; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Competitive Strategy; Technological Innovation
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  • October 2023 (Revised February 2024)
  • Case

Loris

By: Shunyuan Zhang, Das Narayandas, Stacy Straaberg and David Lane
In December 2022, Loris’s executive team considered their go-to-market strategy. Loris was an artificial intelligence (AI) software startup for the customer service industry with two products on the market: 1) Agent Assist which provided customer service agents (CSAs)... View Details
Keywords: Decisions; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Marketing Strategy; Sales; Technology Industry; United States
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  • 2024
  • Working Paper

AI Companions Reduce Loneliness

By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet K. Uğuralp, Zeliha O. Uğuralp and Stefano Puntoni
Chatbots are now able to engage in sophisticated conversations with consumers in the domain of relationships, providing a potential coping solution to widescale societal loneliness. Behavioral research provides little insight into whether these applications are... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Behavior; Well-being
Related
  • Article

AI Companions Reduce Loneliness

By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet K. Uguralp, Z. Oguz and Stefano Puntoni
Chatbots are now able to engage in sophisticated conversations with consumers in the domain of relationships, providing a potential coping solution to widescale societal loneliness. Behavioral research provides little insight into whether these applications are... View Details
Related
  • Web

Browse All Articles, Research, & Case Studies - HBS Working Knowledge

Listen by Ben Rand A chatbot might be able to write emails that sound human, but can the technology respond to staff questions just like the boss would? Research by Prithwiraj Choudhury shows that while a View Details
  • Web

Lifelong Learning - Alumni

and Perils of Generative AI The rise of chatbots sparks wide-ranging faculty research at HBS Re: Ayelet Israeli (Marvin Bower Associate Professor); Himabindu Lakkaraju (Assistant Professor of Business Administration); Rowan Clarke ();... View Details
  • 19 Sep 2023
  • HBS Case

How Will the Tech Titans Behind ChatGPT, Bard, and LLaMA Make Money?

ChatGPT, Bard, and other AI chatbots—as well as the dueling tech titans behind them—and probe the strategic dilemmas ahead for innovators and users. The public's fascination with the human-like aspects of chatbots may be overshadowing... View Details
Keywords: by Ben Rand; Technology; Information Technology
  • 07 Mar 2023
  • HBS Case

ChatGPT: Did Big Tech Set Up the World for an AI Bias Disaster?

ChatGPT, the remarkable AI chatbot garnering attention worldwide. The rollout comes amid mounting concerns that AI could perpetuate cultural, racial, and gender biases, sparking intense debate over the uses—and misuses—of this powerful... View Details
Keywords: by Scott Van Voorhis; Technology
  • 01 Jun 2024
  • News

Leveraging Generative AI

Mitchell Weiss, the Richard L. Menschel Professor of Management Practice and chair of the Required Curriculum in the MBA Program. Read more about From Chalkboards to Chatbots A large language model such as ChatGPT is a type of GenAI that... View Details
Keywords: Jennifer Gillespie
  • 01 Jun 2024
  • News

Redefining How Businesses Operate

In her LinkedIn profile, Rebecca Hu (MBA 2023) describes herself as a “biologist-turned-technologist obsessed with building great software products.” A product manager at the language learning app Duolingo, Hu immersed herself in electives and activities centered... View Details
Keywords: Jennifer Gillespie