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- All HBS Web
(2,277)
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- News (721)
- Research (982)
- Events (8)
- Multimedia (20)
- Faculty Publications (486)
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- February 1999
- Article
1998 10-K's: Earnings Quality Alert
By: David F. Hawkins
Hawkins, David F. "1998 10-K's: Earnings Quality Alert." Accounting Bulletin, no. 76 (February 1999).
- January 2017
- Article
Being Surprised by the Unsurprising: Earnings Seasonality and Stock Returns
By: Tom Y. Chang, Samuel M. Hartzmark, David H. Solomon and Eugene F. Soltes
We present evidence consistent with markets failing to properly price information in seasonal earnings patterns. Firms with historically larger earnings in one quarter of the year (“positive seasonality quarters”) have higher returns when those earnings are usually... View Details
Chang, Tom Y., Samuel M. Hartzmark, David H. Solomon, and Eugene F. Soltes. "Being Surprised by the Unsurprising: Earnings Seasonality and Stock Returns." Review of Financial Studies 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 281–323.
- January 1999 (Revised October 2010)
- Background Note
Accumulated Earnings Tax and Personal Holding Company Tax
By: Henry B. Reiling and Mark Pollard
Identifies Congress's concerns and objectives in adopting the Accumulated Earnings Tax and the Personal Holding Company Tax. Also describes the provisions' mechanics and some of their practical implications. View Details
Keywords: Business Earnings; Taxation; Business and Government Relations; Business and Shareholder Relations; Public Administration Industry; United States
Reiling, Henry B., and Mark Pollard. "Accumulated Earnings Tax and Personal Holding Company Tax." Harvard Business School Background Note 299-043, January 1999. (Revised October 2010.)
- January 2010
- Article
Does Public Ownership of Equity Improve Earnings Quality?
We compare the quality of accounting numbers produced by two types of public firms-those with publicly traded equity and those with privately held equity that are nonetheless considered public by virtue of having publicly traded debt. We develop and test two... View Details
- 2024
- Working Paper
Scaling Core Earnings Measurement with Large Language Models
By: Matthew Shaffer and Charles CY Wang
We study the application of large language models (LLMs) to the estimation of core earnings, i.e., a firm's persistent profitability from its core business activities. This construct is central to investors' assessments of economic performance and valuations. However,... View Details
Keywords: Large Language Models; AI and Machine Learning; Accounting; Profit; Corporate Disclosure; Analytics and Data Science; Measurement and Metrics
Shaffer, Matthew, and Charles CY Wang. "Scaling Core Earnings Measurement with Large Language Models." Working Paper, November 2024.
- April 1982 (Revised June 1985)
- Case
Westinghouse Electric Corp.: Quality of Earnings Analysis
Westinghouse had just issued its annual report to shareholders for the year ending December 31, 1973. The report indicates that sales have increased to a record $5.7 billion but that net income is down almost 20% from its record level of $199 million in the previous... View Details
Bartczak, Norman. "Westinghouse Electric Corp.: Quality of Earnings Analysis." Harvard Business School Case 182-239, April 1982. (Revised June 1985.)
- 06 Feb 2006
- What Do You Think?
Should CEOs of Public Companies Offer Earnings Guidance?
Summing Up Based on some of the most thoughtful comments to any of these columns, one might conclude that acceptable earnings guidance by CEOs should take on new forms. Let's first consider the pros and cons, then some research, then some... View Details
- June 18, 2014
- Blog Post
How to Kill Quarterly Earnings Guidance
By: Gabriel Karageorgiou, Daniela Saltzman and George Serafeim
Karageorgiou, Gabriel, Daniela Saltzman, and George Serafeim. "How to Kill Quarterly Earnings Guidance." HBR Blog Network (June 18, 2014). http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/06/how-to-kill-quarterly-earnings-guidance/.
- May 1995 (Revised April 1997)
- Background Note
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
By: David F. Hawkins
Keywords: Business Earnings
Hawkins, David F. "Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share." Harvard Business School Background Note 195-233, May 1995. (Revised April 1997.)
- March 2009
- Article
Earnings Management and Corporate Tax Shelters, and Book-Tax Alignment
By: Mihir Desai and Dhammika Dharmapala
This paper reviews recent evidence analyzing the link between earnings management and corporate tax avoidance and considers the implications for how policymakers should evaluate the financial reporting environment facing firms. A real-world tax shelter is dissected to... View Details
Desai, Mihir, and Dhammika Dharmapala. "Earnings Management and Corporate Tax Shelters, and Book-Tax Alignment." National Tax Journal 62, no. 1 (March 2009): 169–186.
- 08 Oct 2018
- Research & Ideas
Knowing What Your Boss Earns Can Make You Work Harder
francescoch Learning that a co-worker earns more than you can decrease your job performance while increasing the likelihood of you searching for a new job, according to a new research study. On the other hand, learning what your manager... View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne
- Article
Core Earnings: New Data and Evidence
By: Ethan Rouen, Eric C. So and Charles C.Y. Wang
Using a novel dataset, we show that components of firms' GAAP earnings stemming from ancillary business activities or transitory shocks are significant in frequency and magnitude. These components have grown over time and are dispersed across various sections of the... View Details
Keywords: Core Earnings; Transitory Earnings; Non-operating Earnings; Quantitative Disclosures; Equity Valuation; Big Data; Business Earnings; Financial Reporting; Valuation; Analytics and Data Science
Rouen, Ethan, Eric C. So, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Core Earnings: New Data and Evidence." Journal of Financial Economics 142, no. 3 (December 2021): 1068–1091.
- May 2008
- Article
Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods
By: Daniel Cohen, Aiyesha Dey and Thomas Lys
We document that accrual‐based earnings management increased steadily from 1987 until the passage of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, followed by a significant decline after the passage of SOX. Conversely, the level of real earnings management activities declined... View Details
Cohen, Daniel, Aiyesha Dey, and Thomas Lys. "Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods." Accounting Review 83, no. 3 (May 2008): 757–787.
- 2011
- Chapter
The Analyst Recommendation and Earnings Forecast Anomaly
By: George Serafeim
Serafeim, George. "The Analyst Recommendation and Earnings Forecast Anomaly." Chap. 3 in The Handbook of Equity Market Anomalies: Translating Market Inefficiencies into Effective Investment Strategies, edited by Len Zacks, 63–91. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
- February 1998
- Article
Computer Software Company Earnings Revisions may be Needed
By: David F. Hawkins
Hawkins, David F. "Computer Software Company Earnings Revisions may be Needed." Accounting Bulletin, no. 62 (February 1998).
- November 1997
- Case
Intercon Electric Corporation: Quality of Earnings Analysis
By: David F. Hawkins and Norman Bartczak
Hawkins, David F., and Norman Bartczak. "Intercon Electric Corporation: Quality of Earnings Analysis." Harvard Business School Case 198-013, November 1997.
- 1991
- Article
How Management Bonus Plans Affect Reported Earnings
By: Paul M. Healy
Healy, Paul M. "How Management Bonus Plans Affect Reported Earnings." CPE Program Lesson 90-11. Accounting Today (1991).
- May 2019
- Article
Who Consumes Firm Disclosures? Evidence from Earnings Conference Calls
By: Anne Heinrichs, Jihwon Park and Eugene F. Soltes
Using a set of proprietary records, we examine who consumes quarterly earnings conference calls and under which circumstances the calls are consumed. While there is significant interest in calls by institutional investors and sell-side analysts, we find that investors... View Details
Keywords: Disclosure; Conference Calls; Firm News; Corporate Disclosure; Business Earnings; Situation or Environment
Heinrichs, Anne, Jihwon Park, and Eugene F. Soltes. "Who Consumes Firm Disclosures? Evidence from Earnings Conference Calls." Accounting Review 94, no. 3 (May 2019): 205–231.
- 06 May 2002
- Research & Ideas
Profits for Nonprofits: Earning Your Own Way
"Pay our own way? No way." Not long ago, that was the mantra of many a proud nonprofit organization, living on the largesse of government grants and private donations. But with those income sources drying up, suddenly nonprofits are learning to View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace
- spring 1990
- Article
Earnings and Risk Changes Surrounding Primary Stock Offers
By: Paul M. Healy and Krishna G. Palepu
Healy, Paul M., and Krishna G. Palepu. "Earnings and Risk Changes Surrounding Primary Stock Offers." Journal of Accounting Research 28, no. 1 (spring 1990): 25–48.