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      • January 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms

      By: Willy C. Shih and Shu Lin
      Kent Bovellan, the Chief Engineer and Head of the Vehicle Architecture Center for Geely Holding, the Hangzhou, China headquartered global automotive group, was debating the platform choice for an upcoming "D" segment midsized battery electric vehicle (BEV). He had led... View Details
      Keywords: Product Innovation; Product Architecture; Product Engineering; Platform Design; Platform Strategy; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Product Design; Product Development; Cost Management; Decision Making; Competitive Strategy; Industry Structures; Auto Industry; China; Sweden
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      Shih, Willy C., and Shu Lin. "Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms." Harvard Business School Case 622-001, January 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • December 2021 (Revised January 2023)
      • Case

      Katerra (A)

      By: Lindsay N. Hyde, Thomas R. Eisenmann and Tom Quinn
      In April 2020, Katerra executives struggled with a series of decisions that would determine the fate of one of the best-funded construction startups in history. Katerra was founded in 2015 by technology-industry executive Michael Marks and commercial real estate... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Entrepreneurship; Failure; Construction; Real Estate Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Hyde, Lindsay N., Thomas R. Eisenmann, and Tom Quinn. "Katerra (A)." Harvard Business School Case 822-021, December 2021. (Revised January 2023.)
      • Article

      Using Fresh Starts to Nudge Increased Retirement Savings

      By: John Beshears, Hengchen Dai, Katherine L. Milkman and Shlomo Benartzi
      We conducted a field experiment to study the effect of framing future moments in time as new beginnings (or “fresh starts”). University employees (N=6,082) received mailings with an opportunity to choose between increasing their contributions to a savings plan... View Details
      Keywords: Choice Architecture; Randomized Field Experiment; Savings; New Beginning; Fresh Start; Saving; Retirement; Behavior
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      Beshears, John, Hengchen Dai, Katherine L. Milkman, and Shlomo Benartzi. "Using Fresh Starts to Nudge Increased Retirement Savings." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 167 (November 2021): 72–87.
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Innovation in the 21st Century: Architectural Change, Purpose, and the Challenges of Our Time

      By: Rebecca Henderson
      Understanding the process of innovation has been a central concern of management researchers, but despite this progress, there remains much that we do not understand. Deepening our knowledge is critically important given the enormous environmental and social challenges... View Details
      Keywords: Architectural Innovation; Systemic Innovation; Innovation and Invention; Mission and Purpose; Environmental Sustainability
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      Henderson, Rebecca. "Innovation in the 21st Century: Architectural Change, Purpose, and the Challenges of Our Time." Management Science 67, no. 9 (September 2021).
      • June 2021
      • Article

      Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions

      By: Leor Zmigrod and Amit Goldenberg
      Who is most likely to join and engage in extreme political action? While traditional theories have focused on situational factors or group identity attributes, an emerging science illustrates that tendencies for extreme political action may also be rooted in... View Details
      Keywords: Extreme Political Action; Ideology; Political Psychology; Cognition-emotion Interactions; Cognition and Thinking; Emotions; Personal Characteristics
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      Zmigrod, Leor, and Amit Goldenberg. "Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions." Current Directions in Psychological Science 30, no. 3 (June 2021): 218–227.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Data Governance, Interoperability and Standardization: Organizational Adaptation to Privacy Regulation

      By: Sam (Ruiqing) Cao and Marco Iansiti
      The increasing availability of data can afford dynamic competitive advantages among data-intensive corporations, but governance bottlenecks hinder data-driven value creation and increase regulatory risks. We analyze the role of two technological features of data... View Details
      Keywords: Organizations; Information Technology; Performance Productivity; Growth and Development; Transformation
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      Cao, Sam (Ruiqing), and Marco Iansiti. "Data Governance, Interoperability and Standardization: Organizational Adaptation to Privacy Regulation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-122, May 2021. (Revised November 2023.)
      • May 2021
      • Article

      Choice Architecture in Physician–patient Communication: A Mixed-methods Assessment of Physicians' Competency

      By: J. Hart, K. Yadav, S. Szymanski, A. Summer, A. Tannenbaum, J. Zlatev, D. Daniels and S.D. Halpern
      Background: Clinicians’ use of choice architecture, or how they present options, systematically influences the choices made by patients and their surrogate decision makers. However, clinicians may incompletely understand this influence.... View Details
      Keywords: Choice Architecture; Health Care and Treatment; Interpersonal Communication; Decision Choices and Conditions; Competency and Skills
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      Hart, J., K. Yadav, S. Szymanski, A. Summer, A. Tannenbaum, J. Zlatev, D. Daniels, and S.D. Halpern. "Choice Architecture in Physician–patient Communication: A Mixed-methods Assessment of Physicians' Competency." BMJ Quality & Safety 30, no. 5 (May 2021).
      • March 2021
      • Article

      A Diplomatic Counterrevolution: Indonesian Diplomacy and the Invasion of East Timor

      By: Mattias Fibiger
      This article reinterprets the Indonesian invasion of East Timor as a "diplomatic counterrevolution." Using the central archival records of the Suharto regime for the first time in English-language scholarship, it argues that Indonesian diplomats pursued diplomacy in... View Details
      Keywords: Diplomacy; Geopolitics; History; Globalization; Indonesia; Timor-Leste
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      Fibiger, Mattias. "A Diplomatic Counterrevolution: Indonesian Diplomacy and the Invasion of East Timor." Modern Asian Studies 55, no. 2 (March 2021): 587–628.
      • December 2020 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      Made In Space, Expectations Management, and the Business of In-Space Manufacturing

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Mehak Sarang
      After having proven its base technology (3D printing) through NASA solicitations and contracts, Made In Space was searching for a viable commercial application. But the business case for the leading candidate, high-quality fiber optic cable for use on Earth, remained... View Details
      Keywords: Aerospace; Space; Space Economy; 3D Printing; Manufacturing; Public-private Partnership; Partners and Partnerships; Strategy; Business and Government Relations; Aerospace Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C., and Mehak Sarang. "Made In Space, Expectations Management, and the Business of In-Space Manufacturing." Harvard Business School Case 721-025, December 2020. (Revised March 2021.)
      • December 2020
      • Case

      Château Margaux: Serving Up the Third Wine

      By: Elie Ofek
      In fall 2019, Corinne Mentzelopoulos, owner of the famous first-growth Château Margaux, is pondering a series of decisions with respect to the chateau's third wine. Margaux du Château Marguax, as this wine was called, was launched in 2013 with a particular goal in mind... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Pricing; Wine Industry; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Performance Evaluation; Price; Distribution Channels; Growth and Development Strategy; France
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      Ofek, Elie. "Château Margaux: Serving Up the Third Wine." Harvard Business School Case 521-054, December 2020.
      • Article

      Healthy Buildings in 2070

      By: John D. Macomber and Joseph G. Allen
      Fifty years seems a very long time in the future for most industries. Not so in buildings and real estate; built structures routinely last decades if not hundreds of years, as long as they are economically competitive. Any discussion of the 50-year future has to... View Details
      Keywords: Health & Wellness; Real Estate; Architectural Innovation; Public Health; Health; Buildings and Facilities; Well-being
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      Macomber, John D., and Joseph G. Allen. "Healthy Buildings in 2070." The Bridge 50, no. S (Winter 2020): 11–14. (Special 50th Anniversary Issue edited by Ronald M. Latanision.)
      • Article

      Nudging: Progress to Date and Future Directions

      By: John Beshears and Harry Kosowsky
      Nudges influence behavior by changing the environment in which decisions are made, without restricting the menu of options and without altering financial incentives. This paper assesses past empirical research on nudging and provides recommendations for future work in... View Details
      Keywords: Nudge; Choice Architecture; Behavioral Economics; Behavioral Science; Behavior; Change; Situation or Environment; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decision Making
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      Beshears, John, and Harry Kosowsky. "Nudging: Progress to Date and Future Directions." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 161, Supplement (November 2020): 3–19.
      • May 2020 (Revised October 2020)
      • Teaching Note

      The Marriott-Starwood Merger: Navigating Brand Portfolio Strategy and Brand Architecture

      By: Jill Avery and Chekitan S. Dev
      In September 2016, Marriott completed its $13.3 billion acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts, which added 11 brands to its already robust 19 hotel brand portfolio. Tina Edmundson, Marriott’s global brand officer, was charged with making sense of the brand portfolio... View Details
      Keywords: Branding; Brand Portfolio Strategy; Brand Architecture; Hospitality Industry; Mergers & Acquisitions; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Travel Industry; Accommodations Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, and Chekitan S. Dev. "The Marriott-Starwood Merger: Navigating Brand Portfolio Strategy and Brand Architecture." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 520-112, May 2020. (Revised October 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Book

      Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity

      By: Joseph Allen and John D. Macomber
      By the time you reach 80, you will have spent 72 years of your life indoors. Like it or not, humans have become an indoor species. This means that the people who design, build, and maintain our buildings can have a major impact on our health.
      Ever feel tired... View Details
      Keywords: Architecture; Real Estate Development; Air Pollution; Air Quality; Public Health; Productivity Gains; Buildings and Facilities; Health; Pollutants; Performance Productivity; Construction Industry
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      Allen, Joseph, and John D. Macomber. Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Case

      A Tower for the People: 425 Park Avenue

      By: John Macomber, Joseph G. Allen and Emily Jones
      Healthy buildings and superior air quality are increasingly important since people now spend so much time indoors. Indoor spaces drive performance and productivity. Commercial real estate landlords and investors are responding to the demands of sophisticated tenants... View Details
      Keywords: Health And Wellness; Real Estate; Sustainability; Health; Pollution; Buildings and Facilities; Performance Productivity; Finance; Real Estate Industry; New York (city, NY)
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      Macomber, John, Joseph G. Allen, and Emily Jones. "A Tower for the People: 425 Park Avenue." Harvard Business School Case 220-065, March 2020.
      • 2019
      • Article

      Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation

      By: John Winsor, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman and Karim R. Lakhani
      Purpose: This article offers insight on how to effectively help incumbent organizations prepare for global business shifts to open source and digital business models.
      Design/methodology/approach: Discussion related to observation, experience and case studies... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Innovation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Model; Technological Innovation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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      Winsor, John, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation." Strategy & Leadership 47, no. 6 (2019): 28–33.
      • October 14, 2019
      • Article

      The Truth About Open Offices: There Are Reasons Why They Don't Produce the Desired Interactions

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Ben Waber
      It’s never been easier for workers to collaborate—or so it seems. Open, flexible, activity-based spaces are displacing cubicles, making people more visible. Messaging is displacing phone calls, making people more accessible. Enterprise social media such as Slack and... View Details
      Keywords: Buildings and Facilities; Interpersonal Communication; Communication Technology; Design; Human Resources; Performance Productivity; Organizational Design
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Ben Waber. "The Truth About Open Offices: There Are Reasons Why They Don't Produce the Desired Interactions." Harvard Business Review 97, no. 6 (November–December 2019): 82–91.
      • November 2019
      • Article

      When and Why Defaults Influence Decisions: A Meta-analysis of Default Effects

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Shannon Duncan, Elke U. Weber and Eric J. Johnson
      When people make decisions with a pre-selected choice option—a “default”—they are more likely to select that option. Because defaults are easy to implement, they constitute one of the most widely employed tools in the choice architecture toolbox. However, to decide... View Details
      Keywords: Choice Architecture; Defaults; Default Effects; Decision Making; Behavior; Analysis
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Shannon Duncan, Elke U. Weber, and Eric J. Johnson. "When and Why Defaults Influence Decisions: A Meta-analysis of Default Effects." Behavioural Public Policy 3, no. 2 (November 2019): 159–186.
      • September 2019 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      2U: Higher Education Rewired

      By: Yael Grushka-Cockayne and Karim R. Lakhani
      In its 2019 Partner Symposium, 2U, an online program management provider (OPM), showcased its new vision: “Career. Curriculum. Continuum. A construct for lifelong learning in the 21st century.” 2U, founded in 2008 and went public in 2014, was looking to expand beyond... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Innovation; Architectural Innovation; Make V. Buy; Learning; Higher Education; Internet and the Web; Innovation Strategy; Transformation; Digital Transformation
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      Grushka-Cockayne, Yael, and Karim R. Lakhani. "2U: Higher Education Rewired." Harvard Business School Case 620-044, September 2019. (Revised June 2020.)
      • June–July 2019
      • Article

      A Methodology for Operationalizing Enterprise IT Architecture and Evaluating Its Modifiability

      By: Robert Lagerström, Alan MacCormack, David Dreyfus and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Recent contributions to information systems theory suggest that the primary role of a firm’s information technology (IT) architecture is to facilitate, and therefore ensure the continued alignment of a firm’s IT investments with a constantly changing business... View Details
      Keywords: Enterprise Architecture; Modularity; Information Systems; Modifiability; Design Structure Matrix
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      Lagerström, Robert, Alan MacCormack, David Dreyfus, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "A Methodology for Operationalizing Enterprise IT Architecture and Evaluating Its Modifiability." Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly 19 (June–July 2019): 75–98.
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