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      • September 2016 (Revised February 2017)
      • Case

      Angie's List: Ratings Pioneer Turns 20

      By: Robert J. Dolan and Ayelet Israeli
      In 1995, before people “googled” or “yelped,” Angela Hicks (HBS, 2000) was establishing her Angie’s List as a pioneer in the accumulation and dissemination of consumer rating information. Hicks focused on the home repair and maintenance market and, as she put it,... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Services; Product Line Management; Growth; Conjoint Analysis; Market Research; Freemium; Growth Strategy; Two Sided Markets; Ecommerce; Platform; Platform Business; Platform Businesses; Platform Strategy; Platforms; Platforms And Ecosystems; Business Model; Internet and the Web; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Price; Strategy; Digital Platforms; E-commerce; Service Industry; United States
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      Dolan, Robert J., and Ayelet Israeli. "Angie's List: Ratings Pioneer Turns 20." Harvard Business School Case 517-016, September 2016. (Revised February 2017.)
      • September 2016
      • Article

      Do Display Ads Influence Search?: Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising

      By: Pavel Kireyev, Koen Pauwels and Sunil Gupta
      As firms increasingly rely on online media to acquire consumers, marketing managers feel comfortable justifying higher online marketing spending by referring to online metrics such as click-through rate (CTR) and cost per acquisition (CPA). However, these standard... View Details
      Keywords: Internet and the Web; Digital Marketing
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      Kireyev, Pavel, Koen Pauwels, and Sunil Gupta. "Do Display Ads Influence Search? Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising." International Journal of Research in Marketing 33, no. 3 (September 2016): 475–490.
      • July–August 2016
      • Article

      Minimum Advertised Pricing: Patterns of Violation in Competitive Retail Markets

      By: Ayelet Israeli, Eric Anderson and Anne Coughlan
      Manufacturers in many industries frequently use vertical price policies, such as minimum advertised price (MAP), to influence prices set by downstream retailers. Although manufacturers expect retail partners to comply with MAP policies, violations of MAP are common in... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing Policies; Pricing; Channel Management; Legal Aspects Of Business; Price; Governance Compliance; Marketing Channels; Retail Industry
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      Israeli, Ayelet, Eric Anderson, and Anne Coughlan. "Minimum Advertised Pricing: Patterns of Violation in Competitive Retail Markets." Marketing Science 35, no. 4 (July–August 2016): 539–564. (Lead article.)
      • April 2015
      • Case

      Who Owns the Whale?

      By: Thales S. Teixeira and David E. Bell
      Judge William Wright considers the case of the dispute of a whale carcass wherein several whaling ships claim ownership based on each one's contribution to its killing. The judge must weigh in the differing efforts and costs of three ships who each played a role at... View Details
      Keywords: Whaling; Attribution; Norms-of-ownership; Transaction Costs; Deadweight Losses; Free-rider Problem; Advertising; History; Advertising Industry; North America; Europe
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      Teixeira, Thales S., and David E. Bell. "Who Owns the Whale?" Harvard Business School Case 515-107, April 2015.
      • April 2015
      • Case

      Who Owns the Whale? (Abridged)

      By: Thales S. Teixeira and David E. Bell
      Judge William Wright considers the case of the dispute of a whale carcass wherein several whaling ships claim ownership based on each one's contribution to its killing. The judge must weigh in the differing efforts and costs of three ships who each played a role at... View Details
      Keywords: Whaling; Attribution; Norms-of-ownership; Transaction Costs; Deadweight Losses; Free-rider Problem; Advertising; History; United States; United Kingdom
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      Teixeira, Thales S., and David E. Bell. "Who Owns the Whale? (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 515-108, April 2015.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Do Display Ads Influence Search?: Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising

      By: Sunil Gupta
      As firms increasingly rely on online media to acquire consumers, marketing managers feel comfortable justifying higher online marketing spend by referring to online metrics such as click-through rate (CTR) and cost per acquisition (CPA). However, these standard online... View Details
      Keywords: Internet and the Web; Digital Marketing
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      Kireyev, Pavel, Koen Pauwels, and Sunil Gupta. "Do Display Ads Influence Search? Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-070, February 2013.
      • September 2011 (Revised August 2013)
      • Case

      The Pepsi Refresh Project: A Thirst for Change

      By: Michael I. Norton and Jill Avery
      In 2010, for the first time in 23 years, PepsiCo did not invest in Superbowl advertising for its iconic brand. Instead, the company diverted this $20 million to the social media-fueled Pepsi Refresh Project: PepsiCo's innovative cause-marketing program in which... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Marketing Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Advertising Campaigns; Investment Return; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Social Marketing; Cost vs Benefits; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Norton, Michael I., and Jill Avery. "The Pepsi Refresh Project: A Thirst for Change." Harvard Business School Case 512-018, September 2011. (Revised August 2013.)
      • March 2011 (Revised December 2012)
      • Case

      Demand Media

      By: John Deighton and Leora Kornfeld
      Google search had helped Demand Media grow to be a $1.9 billion online publisher. Then, social media and smartphone apps began to change the way people navigated the Internet. How should Demand Media respond? The business ran on a radically new model in which a stable... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Information Publishing; Consumer Behavior; Customization and Personalization; Internet and the Web; Publishing Industry
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      Deighton, John, and Leora Kornfeld. "Demand Media." Harvard Business School Case 511-043, March 2011. (Revised December 2012.) (request a courtesy copy.)
      • February 2011
      • Article

      The Underdog Effect: The Marketing of Disadvantage and Determination Through Brand Biography

      By: Neeru Paharia, Anat Keinan, Jill Avery and Juliet B. Schor
      We introduce the concept of an underdog brand biography (UBB) to describe an emerging trend in branding in which firms author an historical account of their humble origins, lack of resources, and determined struggle against the odds. We identify two essential... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Brand Management; Brands; Brand Building; Brand Positioning; Competitive Positioning; Advertising; Marketing Communication; Biography; Brands and Branding; Product Marketing; Emerging Markets; Network Effects; Demand and Consumers; Marketing Communications; Cost vs Benefits; Perspective; Advertising Campaigns; Marketing Strategy; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry
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      Paharia, Neeru, Anat Keinan, Jill Avery, and Juliet B. Schor. "The Underdog Effect: The Marketing of Disadvantage and Determination Through Brand Biography." Journal of Consumer Research 37, no. 5 (February 2011): 775–790. (Finalist, 2014 Best Article Award for a paper published in JCR in 2011.)
      • 2010
      • Chapter

      Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-interested Charitable Behavior

      By: L. Anik, L. B. Aknin, M. I. Norton and E. W. Dunn
      While lay intuitions and pop psychology suggest that helping others leads to higher levels of happiness, the existing evidence only weakly supports this causal claim: research in psychology, economics, and neuroscience exploring the benefits of charitable giving has... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Cost vs Benefits; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Outcome or Result; Relationships; Research; Behavior; Happiness; Motivation and Incentives
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      Anik, L., L. B. Aknin, M. I. Norton, and E. W. Dunn. "Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-interested Charitable Behavior." In The Science of Giving: Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity, edited by D. M. Oppenheimer and C. Y. Olivola. Psychology Press, 2010.
      • May 2010
      • Supplement

      Tim Westergren of Pandora Radio

      By: Willy C. Shih and Halle Alicia Tecco
      Pandora Radio is at a crossroads. Founder Tim Westergren has just been told by a well known VC to get rid of his unprofitable customers in order to get his costs down, but Westergren is not sure that such actions are consistent with his company's business model.... View Details
      Keywords: History; Business Model; Customers; Venture Capital; Internet and the Web; Cost Management; Outcome or Result; Customization and Personalization; Growth and Development Strategy; Music Industry
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      Shih, Willy C., and Halle Alicia Tecco. "Tim Westergren of Pandora Radio." Harvard Business School Video Supplement 610-714, May 2010.
      • March 2010 (Revised November 2010)
      • Case

      Pandora Radio: Fire Unprofitable Customers?

      By: Willy C. Shih and Halle Alicia Tecco
      Pandora Radio is at a crossroads. Founder Tim Westergren has just been told by a well known VC to get rid of his unprofitable customers in order to get his costs down, but Westergren is not sure that such actions are consistent with his company's business model.... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Customer Satisfaction; Music Entertainment; Venture Capital; Profit; Growth and Development Strategy; Consumer Behavior; Internet; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Shih, Willy C., and Halle Alicia Tecco. "Pandora Radio: Fire Unprofitable Customers?" Harvard Business School Case 610-077, March 2010. (Revised November 2010.)
      • February 2010 (Revised October 2010)
      • Case

      YouTube: Time to Charge Users?

      By: Anita Elberse and Sunil Gupta
      In January 2010, YouTube, the world's largest online video aggregator, was still seeking to become profitable. Was the time right for Google, YouTube's parent company, to charge users seeking to upload content, as some analysts had suggested—and if so, who should be... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; Business Model; Cost; Profit; Revenue; Consumer Behavior; Internet and the Web; Motion Pictures and Video Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, and Sunil Gupta. "YouTube: Time to Charge Users?" Harvard Business School Case 510-053, February 2010. (Revised October 2010.)
      • September 2007
      • Article

      (Noisy) Communication

      By: Bharat Anand and Ron Shachar
      Communication is central to many settings in marketing and economics. A focal attribute of communication is miscommunication. We model this key characteristic as a noise in the messages communicated, so that the sender of a message is uncertain about its perception by... View Details
      Keywords: Communication Intention and Meaning; Interpersonal Communication; Cost vs Benefits; Marketing Communications; Performance Improvement; Mathematical Methods
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      Anand, Bharat, and Ron Shachar. "(Noisy) Communication." Quantitative Marketing and Economics 5, no. 3 (September 2007): 211–237. (Lead Article.)
      • December 2004 (Revised October 2005)
      • Case

      Hasbro Games -- POX (A)

      By: David B. Godes and Elie Ofek
      Hasbro's newest toy is so unique it requires a unique launch strategy. Comparing traditional media (TV, print) with a non-traditional viral campaign, Matt Collins must weigh the risks and benefits of doing things the way they've always been done or blazing a new path... View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Cost vs Benefits; Marketing Strategy; Advertising Campaigns; Product Launch; Innovation and Invention; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Godes, David B., and Elie Ofek. "Hasbro Games -- POX (A)." Harvard Business School Case 505-046, December 2004. (Revised October 2005.)
      • May 2004 (Revised July 2004)
      • Case

      Clarence Saunders: The Comeback King

      By: Nitin Nohria and Bridget Gurtler
      Follows the rise and fall of the founder of the modern supermarket, Clarence Saunders. Prior to 1915, all staple shopping took place in the market or general store, where a clerk behind a counter pulled items from shelves for customers , measured them from a barrel, or... View Details
      Keywords: Inflation and Deflation; Mission and Purpose; Business Processes; Leadership; Consumer Behavior; Leadership Style; Advertising; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Order Taking and Fulfillment
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      Nohria, Nitin, and Bridget Gurtler. "Clarence Saunders: The Comeback King." Harvard Business School Case 404-070, May 2004. (Revised July 2004.)
      • July 2003 (Revised March 2004)
      • Case

      XM Satellite Radio (A)

      By: David B. Godes and Elie Ofek
      XM Satellite Radio is a radically new way to listen to radio. Management must develop a marketing strategy to launch the firm and the category. A crucial aspect of the strategy is to determine which of two business models the company will pursue. Should it focus... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Business Model; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cost Management; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Problems and Challenges; Partners and Partnerships; Sales; Competitive Strategy; Communications Industry
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      Godes, David B., and Elie Ofek. "XM Satellite Radio (A)." Harvard Business School Case 504-009, July 2003. (Revised March 2004.)
      • November 1999 (Revised June 2006)
      • Case

      DLJdirect: "Putting Our Reputation Online"

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Gillian Morris
      Online broker DLJdirect faced two decisions during the fall of 1999: what customer segments should it target and how much should it spend on marketing? Unlike its competitors, who focused either on day traders or more mainstream investors, DLJdirect differentiated its... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications; Competitive Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Investment; Cost Management; Business Plan; Research and Development; Customers; Budgets and Budgeting; Online Advertising; Internet; Financial Services Industry
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Gillian Morris. DLJdirect: "Putting Our Reputation Online". Harvard Business School Case 800-164, November 1999. (Revised June 2006.)
      • November 1991 (Revised October 1993)
      • Supplement

      British Airways: ""Go for It, America!"" Promotion (B)

      By: Stephen A. Greyser
      Provides details on the results of the campaign for British Airways (BA) in terms of expenditure by BA, press coverage, effect on bookings, and effect on overall market share. View Details
      Keywords: Advertising Campaigns; Cost Management; Information Publishing; Marketing Strategy; Market Participation; Aerospace Industry
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      Greyser, Stephen A. British Airways: ""Go for It, America!"" Promotion (B). Harvard Business School Supplement 592-050, November 1991. (Revised October 1993.)
      • 2015
      • Other Teaching and Training Material

      Marketing Reading: Digital Marketing

      By: Sunil Gupta and Joseph Davin
      Digital technology has changed how consumers search for information, interact with each other, and buy products. The popularization of these technologies has made it possible for companies to have a better understanding of their customers' decision journey and... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Buzz Marketing; Internet Marketing; Marketing; Marketing Management; Social Media; Social Networks; Viral Marketing; Word-of-mouth Marketing; Digital; Internet; Marketing Channels; Marketing Reference Programs; Online Advertising; Advertising Industry
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Joseph Davin. "Marketing Reading: Digital Marketing." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston: Harvard Business Publishing 8224, 2015.
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