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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (5,766)
      • Faculty Publications  (1,149)

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      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Why Has Construction Productivity Stagnated? The Role of Land-Use Regulation

      By: Leonardo D’Amico, Edward Glaeser, Joseph Gyourko, William Kerr and Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto
      We document a Kuznets curve for construction productivity in 20th-century America. Homes built per construction worker remained stagnant between 1900 and 1940, boomed after World War II, and then plummeted after 1970. The productivity boom from 1940 to 1970 shows... View Details
      Keywords: Governance Controls; Performance Productivity; Local Range; Construction Industry
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      D’Amico, Leonardo, Edward Glaeser, Joseph Gyourko, William Kerr, and Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto. "Why Has Construction Productivity Stagnated? The Role of Land-Use Regulation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-027, November 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Advice and the Bayesian Entrepreneur

      By: Susan Cohen and Rembrand Koning
      Bayesian entrepreneurship starts from the premise that entrepreneurs’ beliefs guide their theorizing, experimentation, and choices (Agrawal et al., n.d.). Since each entrepreneur has unique beliefs based on their own set of past experiences, cognitive ability, and... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Cohen, Susan, and Rembrand Koning. "Advice and the Bayesian Entrepreneur." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-029, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Article

      Leadership and Plumbing

      By: Frank V. Cespedes
      “Leadership” is a growth industry. Amazon lists over 60,000 books on the topic. Most focus on emotional intelligence, charisma, avoiding narcissism (usually someone else’s problem, according to these authors, not their problem) and other personality traits. But as... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Development
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      Cespedes, Frank V. "Leadership and Plumbing." Top Sales Magazine (November 2024), 26–27.
      • November–December 2024
      • Article

      Retire Without Regrets

      By: Teresa M. Amabile, Lotte Bailyn, Marcy Crary, Douglas T. "Tim" Hall and Kathy E. Kram
      This article explores the significant transition of retirement and offers insights into creating a satisfying postcareer life. It highlights the contrasting experiences of Irene and Lawrence, two retirees who navigated this change differently. Irene embraced retirement... View Details
      Keywords: Retirement; Satisfaction; Transition; Identity
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      Amabile, Teresa M., Lotte Bailyn, Marcy Crary, Douglas T. "Tim" Hall, and Kathy E. Kram. "Retire Without Regrets." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 6 (November–December 2024): 143–147.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      How Do Global Portfolio Investors Hedge Currency Risk?

      By: Robin Greenwood and Alex Cheema-Fox
      We use monthly portfolio data from one of the world’s largest custodian banks, with over $40 trillion assets under custody, to study how global portfolio investors hedge foreign exchange risk in their equity and fixed income portfolios over the past 25 years. The data... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Portfolio; Investment Funds; Currency; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Alex Cheema-Fox. "How Do Global Portfolio Investors Hedge Currency Risk?" Working Paper, October 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Generative AI and the Nature of Work

      By: Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng and Kevin Xu
      Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate a considerable potential to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Digital Work; Open Source Software; Knowledge Economy; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Labor
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      Hoffmann, Manuel, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, and Kevin Xu. "Generative AI and the Nature of Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-021, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?

      By: Lauren Cohen, David Ager and Alpana Thapar
      Sacoor Brothers, a luxury clothing retail company, was founded in 1989 in Lisbon, Portugal, by four brothers—Malik, Salim, Rahimo, and Moez. After establishing a strong presence in Portugal, the brothers were drawn to the rapidly growing retail markets in the Middle... View Details
      Keywords: Growth; Geographic Mobility; Family Office; Professionalization; Institutional Development; Second-generation; Third-generation; Family Business; Private Equity; Investment; Governance; Transition; Business Model; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Succession; Market Entry and Exit; Family and Family Relationships; Expansion; Retail Industry; Fashion Industry; Middle East; United Arab Emirates; Saudi Arabia; Portugal; Jordan; Dubai
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      Cohen, Lauren, David Ager, and Alpana Thapar. "Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?" Harvard Business School Case 225-008, October 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Lessons from an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships

      By: Julian De Freitas, Noah Castelo, Ahmet K. Uğuralp and Zeliha O. Uğuralp
      As consumers increasingly interact with AI applications specialized for social relationships, what is the nature and depth of these relationships among actual users, and can company actions influence these dynamics? We find that active users of the US-based AI... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Welfare; Loss; Well-being; Identity; Perception; Relationships
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      De Freitas, Julian, Noah Castelo, Ahmet K. Uğuralp, and Zeliha O. Uğuralp. "Lessons from an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-018, October 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Ponzi Funds

      By: Philippe van der Beck, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud and Dario Villamaina
      Many active funds hold concentrated portfolios. Flow-driven trading causes price pressure, which pushes up the funds’ existing positions resulting in realized returns. We decompose fund returns into a price pressure (self-inflated) and a fundamental component and... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Price Bubble; Financial Reporting; Financial Liquidity
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      van der Beck, Philippe, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, and Dario Villamaina. "Ponzi Funds." Working Paper, May 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Article

      Strategic Decision Making at Platform Transitions: The Case of Nokia (2010-2011).

      By: Timo O. Vuori and Michael Tushman
      We studied Nokia’s decision to adopt the Windows platform in 2011 to induce new theory on the emotional dynamics of incumbent firms’ strategic decision making at platform transitions. We find that platform companies’ entry into an established industry activates a... View Details
      Keywords: Emotions; Technology Adoption; Corporate Strategy; Transition
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      Vuori, Timo O., and Michael Tushman. "Strategic Decision Making at Platform Transitions: The Case of Nokia (2010-2011)." Strategic Management Journal 45, no. 10 (October 2024): 2018–2062.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Leadership for Stretch Goals: Inspiring Employees to Achieve the Impossible at Charter Next Generation

      By: Ethan Rouen and Elisabeth Powell
      In 2023, Kathy Bolhous, CEO of Charter Next Generation (CNG), set out to achieve an ambitious "Moonshot"—increasing profits by $100 million within three years, purely through internal innovations and efficiency gains, without layoffs or new revenue streams. After years... View Details
      Keywords: Profit; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Growth Management; Mission and Purpose; Employee Ownership; Motivation and Incentives
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      Rouen, Ethan, and Elisabeth Powell. "Leadership for Stretch Goals: Inspiring Employees to Achieve the Impossible at Charter Next Generation." Harvard Business School Case 125-025, September 2024.
      • September 24, 2024
      • Article

      4 Steps That Can Optimize Your Sales Process

      By: Frank V. Cespedes, Scott Peterson and Daniel Weinfurter
      Sales is a performance art where outcomes matter, so most advice here focuses on closing the sale. But a close is the result of actions and choices that occur earlier in the process: how much time and effort to spend on customer discovery (understanding what and to... View Details
      Keywords: Sales; Customer Satisfaction; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Advantage
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      Cespedes, Frank V., Scott Peterson, and Daniel Weinfurter. "4 Steps That Can Optimize Your Sales Process." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 24, 2024).
      • September 2024 (Revised October 2024)
      • Case

      River Remedy: Navigating Mississippi’s Medical Marijuana Market

      By: Robin Greenwood, Richard S. Ruback and Robert Ialenti
      MBA student William Chism, the founder of a fully integrated medical marijuana company based in Mississippi, must respond to a significant disruption in the fledgling industry. In late 2023, Rapid Analytics, one of two active licensed testing facilities, has its... View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Business Growth and Maturation; Forecasting and Prediction; Microeconomics; Local Range; Government Legislation; Demand and Consumers; Supply and Industry; Competitive Strategy; Governance Controls; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Mississippi
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      Greenwood, Robin, Richard S. Ruback, and Robert Ialenti. "River Remedy: Navigating Mississippi’s Medical Marijuana Market." Harvard Business School Case 225-011, September 2024. (Revised October 2024.)
      • September 2024
      • Article

      Activist Directors: Determinants and Consequences

      By: Ian D. Gow, Sa-Pyung Sean Shin and Suraj Srinivasan
      This paper examines determinants and consequences of hedge fund activism, focusing on activist directors, i.e., directors appointed in response to activist demands. Using a sample of 3,259 activism events from 2004 to 2016, we identify 1,623 activist directors.... View Details
      Keywords: Governing and Advisory Boards; Investment Activism; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Gow, Ian D., Sa-Pyung Sean Shin, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Activist Directors: Determinants and Consequences." Review of Accounting Studies 29, no. 3 (September 2024): 2578–2616.
      • September–October 2024
      • Article

      How AI Can Power Brand Management

      By: Julian De Freitas and Elie Ofek
      Marketers have begun experimenting with AI to improve their brand-management efforts. But unlike other marketing tasks, brand management involves more than just repeatedly executing one specialized function. Long considered the exclusive domain of creative talent, it... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Product Positioning; Customer Focus and Relationships
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      De Freitas, Julian, and Elie Ofek. "How AI Can Power Brand Management." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 5 (September–October 2024): 108–114.
      • August 2024 (Revised October 2024)
      • Case

      Discerene Group: Long-Term Public-Markets Investing

      By: Luis M. Viceira and Brent Schwarz
      This case discusses active investing based on fundamental valuations and price distortions created by market events, and whether contractual terms between investment managers and their investors can help align incentives between long-term investors and active managers.... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Valuation; Financial Markets; Financial Services Industry; Connecticut
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      Viceira, Luis M., and Brent Schwarz. "Discerene Group: Long-Term Public-Markets Investing." Harvard Business School Case 225-023, August 2024. (Revised October 2024.)
      • August 20, 2024
      • Article

      Sexual Assault Victims Face a Penalty for Adjacent Consent

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Roseanna Sommers
      Across 11 experimental studies (n = 12,257), we show that female victims of sexual assault are blamed more and seen as less morally virtuous if their assault follows voluntary sexual intimacy, a factor we term “adjacent consent”. Moreover, we illuminate a... View Details
      Keywords: Perception; Prejudice and Bias; Moral Sensibility; Crime and Corruption; Social Issues
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Roseanna Sommers. "Sexual Assault Victims Face a Penalty for Adjacent Consent." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, no. 34 (August 20, 2024).
      • July 2024 (Revised September 2024)
      • Case

      Shell’s Balancing Act: Resource Allocation and the Green Transition (Abridged)

      By: David Collis and Haisley Wert
      In mid-2023, amid pressure from climate change activists, shareholder activists, and confronting enormous uncertainty about the future demand for and price of fossil fuels, new Shell CEO Wael Sawan (Harvard MBA 2003) announced a change in strategy for the U.K. oil... View Details
      Keywords: Oil & Gas; Renewables; Forecasting Demand; Strategy; Energy; Climate Change; Resource Allocation; Corporate Strategy; Investment Activism; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Energy Industry
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      Collis, David, and Haisley Wert. "Shell’s Balancing Act: Resource Allocation and the Green Transition (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 725-354, July 2024. (Revised September 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Chapter

      Corporations as the Central Institutions of Society

      By: Joseph L. Badaracco
      Mark Twain observed that, “Prediction is very difficult—particularly when it involves the future,” and he was right. One way to reduce the risk of becoming an infamous forecaster—like the experts who told us the Internet would quickly collapse, that Apple would never... View Details
      Keywords: Trends; Business and Government Relations; Organizations; Power and Influence; Society
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      Badaracco, Joseph L. "Corporations as the Central Institutions of Society." Chap. 4 in Justifying Next Stage Capitalism: Exploring a Hopeful Future, edited by Michel Dion and Moses Pava, 87–106. Springer, 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Golden Revolving Door

      By: Ling Cen, Lauren Cohen, Jing Wu and Fan Zhang
      Using both the onset of the US-China trade war in 2018 and the most recent Russia-Ukraine war and associated trade tensions, we show a counterintuitive pattern in global trade. Namely, while the average firm trading with these nations significantly decreases their... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Business and Government Relations; International Relations
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      Cen, Ling, Lauren Cohen, Jing Wu, and Fan Zhang. "The Golden Revolving Door." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32621, June 2024.
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