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  • May 1996 (Revised March 2005)
  • Case

Bombardier TEG (A)

By: Stephen P. Bradley and Takia Mahmood
Bombardier, a Canadian manufacturer of passenger railcars and market leader in the United States, faces aggressive competition from a new entrant, U.S.-owned Morrison Knudsen, that has come into the industry with closely related capabilities in engineering and... View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Goals and Objectives; Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Rail Transportation; Manufacturing Industry; Rail Industry; Canada; United States
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  • September 2019 (Revised November 2019)
  • Case

Pinduoduo

By: Feng Zhu, Krishna G. Palepu, Bonnie Yining Cao and Dawn H. Lau
Founded in 2015 by serial entrepreneur, Colin Huang, Pinduoduo Inc. (PDD) had become China’s fastest-growing e-commerce platform in history. PDD pioneered a new approach to online shopping that allowed shoppers to share products, invite friends to form shopping teams,... View Details
Keywords: Digital Platforms; Business Model; Innovation and Invention; Competitive Advantage; Expansion; Strategy; E-commerce
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  • 14 Jun 2023
  • Op-Ed

Every Company Should Have These Leaders—or Develop Them if They Don't

We’ve long known that organizations require so-called flexible leaders to respond to rapid market fluctuations; the last couple of years have only emphasized that necessity. The environment we operate in—shaped by the pandemic, social... View Details
Keywords: by Hise Gibson
  • December 2014 (Revised April 2015)
  • Case

Apple, Einhorn, and iPrefs

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Hanoch Feit, Edward A. Minasian and Brandon Van Buren
In March 2013, Apple Computer has a very large cash balance, and is under pressure to return cash to shareholders. Hedge fund manager David Einhorn thinks Apple can "unlock value" by issuing perpetual preferred stock, dubbed iPrefs. Henry Blodget, CEO of Business... View Details
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  • March 2024
  • Case

ixigo

By: Ranjay Gulati and Rachna Tahilyani
Ixigo is India’s second-largest online travel aggregator (OTA) and the market leader among private train OTAs. It has overcome numerous near-death crises to emerge as a customer-centric, profitable firm. It aspires to become the leading OTA in the next billion Internet... View Details
Keywords: Initial Public Offering; Profit; Growth and Development; Product Positioning; Travel Industry; India
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  • 01 Oct 2021
  • News

Inside the Taiwan Firm That Makes the World’s Tech Run

  • April 2021
  • Case

Transforming BlackBerry: From Smartphones to Software

By: Ranjay Gulati and Nicole Tempest Keller
On the verge of failure, BlackBerry brought in John Chen as CEO in 2013 to orchestrate a bold turnaround of the company. Once an iconic leader in the smartphone market, BlackBerry was best known for its tactile QWERTY keyboard, strong security, and a focus on business... View Details
Keywords: Pivot; Managing Change; Turnaround; Smartphone; Change Management; Leading Change; Transformation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Digital Platforms; Change; Information Infrastructure; Applications and Software; Competitive Strategy; Cybersecurity; Technology Industry; Transportation Industry; Canada
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  • 04 Apr 2016
  • HBS Seminar

Ariel Stern, Harvard Business School

  • 12 Jul 2011
  • News

Groupon offers first car deal, targets bigger items

  • 27 Jun 2005
  • Research & Ideas

Asian and American Leadership Styles: How Are They Unique?

achievement; but it's hard to credit that given the enormous inflation of top executive compensation packages in America in the last decade. Many American firms, especially most of the large ones, are more dependent on capital markets for... View Details
Keywords: by D. Quinn Mills
  • January 2022
  • Article

The Private Impact of Public Data: Landsat Satellite Maps Increased Gold Discoveries and Encouraged Entry

By: Abhishek Nagaraj
How does public data shape the relative performance of incumbents and entrants in the private sector? Using a simple theoretical framework, I argue that public data reduces investment uncertainty, facilitates the discovery of new market opportunities and increases the... View Details
Keywords: Public Data; Maps; Gold; Microeconomic Behavior; Economics; Data and Data Sets; Private Sector; Market Entry and Exit; Mining
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  • 30 Nov 2018
  • News

Be a disruptor to avoid disruption

  • 05 Jun 2019
  • News

Why cities and national governments clash over migration

  • 06 Jun 2007
  • Research & Ideas

Behavioral Finance—Benefiting from Irrational Investors

finance." For example, when investors hold onto stock they've received in an acquisition—taking the path of least resistance—it keeps those shares off the open market and makes the price relatively... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna
  • June 2011 (Revised August 2011)
  • Case

Colgate-Palmolive: Staying Ahead in Oral Care

By: Rebecca M. Henderson and Ryan Johnson
In 2011, Colgate-Palmolive (Colgate) was the global leader in oral care, with a dominant market share lead in toothpaste and a growing presence in toothbrushes and mouthwash. However, the firm faced stiff competition with perennial rivals P&G increasing their focus on... View Details
Keywords: Innovation Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Positioning; Distribution Channels; Relationships; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Customization and Personalization; Health Industry
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    Jacob M. Cook

    Jacob Cook is a Lecturer in the Marketing Unit at Harvard Business School, where he teaches the EC course Digital Marketing & AI Workshop. His work focuses on how companies design and scale customer acquisition and retention strategies using digital marketing,... View Details

    • June 2003
    • Case

    A Brief History of the Browser Wars

    Recounts the history of the evolution of browser market shares from 1994 forward. Netscape's Navigator establishes a huge early lead, but is then displaced by an equally dominant offering from Microsoft. Highlights the role of Microsoft's dominance in desktop operating... View Details
    Keywords: Competition; Marketing Strategy; Software; Web Services Industry
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    • December 2011
    • Article

    Platform Envelopment

    By: Thomas R. Eisenmann, Geoffrey Parker and Marshall Van Alstyne
    Due to network effects and switching costs in platform markets, entrants generally must offer revolutionary functionality. We explore a second entry path that does not rely upon Schumpeterian innovation: platform envelopment. Through envelopment, a provider in one... View Details
    Keywords: Digital Platforms; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Economic Systems; Development Economics; Business or Company Management; Business Strategy; Network Effects; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry
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    • October 2009 (Revised June 2011)
    • Case

    Zappos.com 2009: Clothing, Customer Service, and Company Culture

    By: Frances X. Frei, Robin J. Ely and Laura Winig
    On July 17, 2009, Zappos.com, a privately held online retailer of shoes, clothing, and other soft line retail categories, learned that Amazon.com, a $19 billion multinational online retailer, had won its board of directors' approval to offer to merge the two companies.... View Details
    Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Choices and Conditions; Governing and Advisory Boards; Service Delivery; Organizational Culture; Internet and the Web; Valuation; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Retail Industry
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    • July 2023 (Revised February 2024)
    • Case

    Equity Restructuring at Dell Technologies: Buy Out, Buy Up, Buy In (A)

    By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah L. Abbott
    In November 2018, Dell Technologies was poised to re-enter the public markets by means of a complex recapitalization that would replace an entire class of publicly-traded “tracking stock,” with new shares that would trade publicly without the need of a formal IPO. The... View Details
    Keywords: Technology; M＆A; Recapitalization; MBO; Equity Issues; Private Equity Buyouts; Public Ownership; Stock Shares; Mergers and Acquisitions; Equity; Technology Industry; United States
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