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- All HBS Web (769)
- Faculty Publications (694)
- November 1999 (Revised April 2000)
- Case
Cresud S.A.
By: Ray A. Goldberg, Jonathan West and David Benedict Pearcy
Cresud, a listed Argentine agricultural company, generates value by operating farms and through land appreciation. This case describes Cresud's business model, industry, and country context. Can a corporate farmer in agriculture use public funds to compete in both the... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Business Model; Value; Corporate Accountability; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
Goldberg, Ray A., Jonathan West, and David Benedict Pearcy. "Cresud S.A." Harvard Business School Case 900-010, November 1999. (Revised April 2000.)
- Summer 2018
- Article
Scale versus Scope in the Diffusion of New Technology: Evidence from the Farm Tractor
By: Daniel P. Gross
Although tractors are now used in nearly every agricultural field operation and in the production of nearly all crops, they first developed with much more limited application. Early diffusion was accordingly rapid in these narrower applications but limited in scope... View Details
Keywords: Technology Diffusion; Spatial Technology Diffusion; Farm Tractors; R&D; General-purpose Technologies; Technology Adoption; Agribusiness; Transportation; Research and Development; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United States
Gross, Daniel P. "Scale versus Scope in the Diffusion of New Technology: Evidence from the Farm Tractor." RAND Journal of Economics 49, no. 2 (Summer 2018): 427–452.
- December 2004 (Revised February 2005)
- Case
Exporting Spanish Olive Oil to the U.S. Market
By: Ray A. Goldberg, Hal Hogan and Miguel Angel Llano Irusta
Spain is the largest olive oil producer, yet it sells much of its product to Italy, where it is repackaged as Italian olive oil. The decision maker in the case wants to develop Spain as the olive oil leader not just in production but in quality and value added. He... View Details
Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Trade; Goods and Commodities; Demand and Consumers; Supply and Industry; Brands and Branding; Decisions; Customization and Personalization; Product Design; Product Development; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Spain; United States; Italy
- December 2020 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
Arcos Dorados: A QSR Recovery Plan
By: Forest Reinhardt, José B. Alvarez, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
Arcos Dorados—McDonald’s largest independent franchisee, covering Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)—faced a pandemic that was disrupting the entire consumer foodservice business in 2020. With the exclusive right to own, operate, and sub-franchise McDonald’s... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Customer Value and Value Chain; Income; Macroeconomics; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Food; Health Pandemics; Crisis Management; Logistics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategic Planning; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Latin America; Aruba; Guadeloupe; Martinique; Mexico; Panama; Costa Rica; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador; French Guiana; Peru; Uruguay; Venezuela; Puerto Rico; Trinidad and Tobago
Reinhardt, Forest, José B. Alvarez, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Arcos Dorados: A QSR Recovery Plan." Harvard Business School Case 721-023, December 2020. (Revised April 2021.)
- December 2021
- Case
Green Monday
By: José B. Alvarez, Billy Chan and Dawn H. Lau
This case describes the entrepreneurial journey of David Yeung, from campaigning for plant-based diets to building Green Monday, a purpose-driven business and an ecosystem based in Hong Kong comprising a retail platform, an alternative meat brand (“OmniPork”), a... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Social Enterprise; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Business Model; Mission and Purpose; Growth and Development Strategy; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Hong Kong; China; Asia
Alvarez, José B., Billy Chan, and Dawn H. Lau. "Green Monday." Harvard Business School Case 522-056, December 2021.
- September 2013 (Revised March 2022)
- Case
Olam: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain in Côte d'Ivoire
By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Nina Ann George
Describes Olam's development of a sustainable cotton supply chain in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. Key dilemma for its managers: feasibility of introducing tractor technology for improving yield. View Details
Keywords: Economic Development; Technology Usage; Development Economics; Agribusiness; Technology Adoption; Supply Chain; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Africa; Côte d'Ivoire
Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Nina Ann George. "Olam: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain in Côte d'Ivoire." Harvard Business School Case 514-018, September 2013. (Revised March 2022.)
- December 2006 (Revised March 2007)
- Case
Common Agricultural Policy and the Future of French Farming
By: J. Gunnar Trumbull, Vincent Marie Dessain and Elena Corsi
Presents the history and evolution of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, from early price supports to the 2003 decision to "decouple" payments to European farmers. Explores the logic behind agricultural supports, with a focus on the economic, political, and cultural... View Details
Keywords: History; Agreements and Arrangements; Price; Policy; Trade; Agribusiness; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; France; European Union
Trumbull, J. Gunnar, Vincent Marie Dessain, and Elena Corsi. "Common Agricultural Policy and the Future of French Farming." Harvard Business School Case 707-027, December 2006. (Revised March 2007.)
- April 2023
- Case
Burning the Sails to Save the Ship: The Pilati Family Dilemma
By: Lauren Cohen, Hao Gao, Jiawei Ye and Grace Headinger
Octavian Graf Pilati, rising generation member of an Austrian princely family, prepared to sell the palace his family had held for over three hundred years. In recent years, the Pilati family lands had been leveraged as loan collateral for an international venture that... View Details
Keywords: Family Office; Family; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Agribusiness; Family Business; Property; Identity; Culture; Ethics; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Governance; Crisis Management; Family and Family Relationships; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Austria
Cohen, Lauren, Hao Gao, Jiawei Ye, and Grace Headinger. "Burning the Sails to Save the Ship: The Pilati Family Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 223-081, April 2023.
- September 2006
- Case
Earthbound Farm
By: William A. Sahlman and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld
Describes a set of decisions confronting the senior management of Earthbound Farm, the largest organic produce company in the world. Focuses on what to do with an East Coast distribution center that is losing money but may be useful strategically. View Details
Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Distribution; Food; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Management Teams; Capital Budgeting; Business or Company Management; Business Strategy; Corporate Finance; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry
Sahlman, William A., and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld. "Earthbound Farm." Harvard Business School Case 807-061, September 2006.
- December 1961 (Revised January 1994)
- Case
Plowman Poultry Farm
A poultry farmer wanted to expand production greatly and sought a large extension of his line of credit from his bank in addition to his existing loan on which he had not made payment. The Board of Directors must review a detailed account of events leading to this... View Details
Keywords: Governing and Advisory Boards; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Expansion; Decision Choices and Conditions; Financing and Loans; Commercial Banking; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
Hayes, Samuel L., III. "Plowman Poultry Farm." Harvard Business School Case 262-003, December 1961. (Revised January 1994.)
- December 2010 (Revised January 2011)
- Case
Los Grobo: Farming's Future?
By: David E. Bell and Cintra Scott
This case describes the international expansion plans of the second largest grain producer in Latin America, Los Grobo. Based in Argentina with US$550 million in annual sales, Los Grobo also operated in Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay--usually with local partners. Los... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Business Model; Ownership; Networks; Expansion; Information Technology; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Argentina
Bell, David E., and Cintra Scott. "Los Grobo: Farming's Future?" Harvard Business School Case 511-088, December 2010. (Revised January 2011.)
- November 2010 (Revised October 2012)
- Background Note
Farmland Investing: A Technical Note
By: Ray Goldberg, Arthur I Segel, Gustavo Herrero and Andrew Terris
This note seeks to provide an overview of farmland investing, the investment thesis behind investing in agriculture, how and why investors would choose farmland, and the general risks and return characteristics of this asset class. In recent years, a growing number of... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Investment; Investment Return; Risk Management; Property; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Asia; United States; South America
Goldberg, Ray, Arthur I Segel, Gustavo Herrero, and Andrew Terris. "Farmland Investing: A Technical Note." Harvard Business School Background Note 211-022, November 2010. (Revised October 2012.)
- May 16, 2016
- Article
Food Safety Economics: The Cost of a Sick Customer
By: Dina Gerdeman and John A. Quelch
Chipotle Mexican Grill’s ongoing struggle to win customers back months after a contaminated food crisis highlights the challenges companies face with keeping food safe.
Chipotle has seen its shares tumble and recently reported its first-ever quarterly loss... View Details
Chipotle has seen its shares tumble and recently reported its first-ever quarterly loss... View Details
Keywords: Food Safety; Organic Food; Supply Chain Management; Globalization Of Food Business; Mérieux NutriSciences: Marketing Food Safety Testing; Food Safety Modernization Act 2011; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Transition; Economic Systems; Food; Health; Supply and Industry; Logistics; Practice; Problems and Challenges; Quality; Safety; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customization and Personalization; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Mexico; North America; United States; Canada
Gerdeman, Dina, and John A. Quelch. "Food Safety Economics: The Cost of a Sick Customer." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (May 16, 2016).
- September 2025
- Article
Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India
By: Shawn Cole, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen and Aparna Krishna
This paper evaluates a low-cost, customized soil nutrient management advisory service in India. As a methodological contribution, we examine whether and in which settings satellite measurements may be effective at estimating both agricultural yields and treatment... View Details
Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
Cole, Shawn, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen, and Aparna Krishna. "Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India." Journal of Development Economics 176 (September 2025).
- October 2016 (Revised November 2018)
- Case
Indigo Agriculture
By: Marco Iansiti, Michael W. Toffel and Christine Snively
Indigo Agriculture had successfully developed and launched its first commercial product, microbe-enhanced cotton seeds, on an accelerated product development timeline. In late 2016, as the company was about to launch its second product, winter wheat, the management... View Details
Keywords: Product Development; Agribusiness; Science-Based Business; Operations; Management; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Technology Industry
Iansiti, Marco, Michael W. Toffel, and Christine Snively. "Indigo Agriculture." Harvard Business School Case 617-020, October 2016. (Revised November 2018.)
- 2014
- Working Paper
Bio-Piracy or Prospering Together? Fuzzy Set and Qualitative Analysis of Herbal Patenting by Firms
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
Since the 1990s, several Western firms have filed patents based on medicinal herbs from emerging markets, evoking protests from local stakeholders against 'bio-piracy'. We explore conditions under which firms and local stakeholders share rents from such patents. Our... View Details
Keywords: Rents From New Technology; Local Stakeholders; Herbal Patents; QCA; Fuzzy Set Analysis; Qualitative Case Studies; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Patents; Emerging Markets; Health Care and Treatment; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Tarun Khanna. "Bio-Piracy or Prospering Together? Fuzzy Set and Qualitative Analysis of Herbal Patenting by Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-081, February 2014.
- November 2016 (Revised March 2018)
- Background Note
Note on the Impact of Millennials on the Food System
By: José B. Alvarez, James Weber and Natalie Kindred
In 2016, the millennial generation (those age 19 to 35 in 2016), the largest generation by population in the U.S., was entering its prime home buying, family forming, earning and spending years. This generation was showing different beliefs and behaviors than previous... View Details
Keywords: Millennials; Consumer Packaged Goods; Food; Age; Consumer Behavior; Agribusiness; Demographics; Values and Beliefs; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
Alvarez, José B., James Weber, and Natalie Kindred. "Note on the Impact of Millennials on the Food System." Harvard Business School Background Note 517-064, November 2016. (Revised March 2018.)
- December 2022 (Revised July 2023)
- Case
Applegate Farms
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, José B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
Keywords: Agribusiness; Food; Consumer Behavior; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Brands and Branding; Integration; Strategy; Change Management; Change; Organizational Structure; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United States
Reinhardt, Forest L., José B. Alvarez, and Natalie Kindred. "Applegate Farms." Harvard Business School Case 723-025, December 2022. (Revised July 2023.)
- June 2024 (Revised October 2024)
- Case
Equifruit
By: Elizabeth A. Keenan and Annelena Lobb
Jennie Coleman, president of Fairtrade banana company Equifruit, considered how best to position her firm and brand to increase sales of Fairtrade bananas in the U.S. and Canada. She saw her biggest challenge as convincing retailers that consumers would be OK spending... View Details
Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Food; Goods and Commodities; Brands and Branding; Product Positioning; Sales; Social Enterprise; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Ecuador; Guatemala; Canada; United States
Keenan, Elizabeth A., and Annelena Lobb. "Equifruit." Harvard Business School Case 524-070, June 2024. (Revised October 2024.)
- November 2022
- Case
Chêne Bleu: Caught in the Trade Tariff Crossfire
By: Dante Roscini, Elena Corsi and Daniela Beyersdorfer
A French wine estate faced a 25% tariff on its U.S. exports following a multi-decade-long EU-U.S. trade dispute in the aerospace industry. View Details
Keywords: Trade; Globalized Markets and Industries; Business Startups; Business Strategy; Expansion; Family Business; Distribution; Agribusiness; Taxation; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; France; United States; Europe
Roscini, Dante, Elena Corsi, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Chêne Bleu: Caught in the Trade Tariff Crossfire." Harvard Business School Case 723-020, November 2022.