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  • All HBS Web  (13,539)
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  • October 2010 (Revised August 2012)
  • Case

Harvest: Organic Waste Recycling with Energy Recovery (A)

By: Deishin Lee, Baris Ata and Mustafa H. Tongarlak
This case describes the waste management industry and a clean technology solution for landfill diversion and renewable energy production. The (A) case focuses on the operational characteristics of waste management and waste to energy, as well as the characteristics of... View Details
Keywords: Renewable Energy; Logistics; Wastes and Waste Processing; Corporate Finance; Green Technology Industry; Utilities Industry; Energy Industry
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Lee, Deishin, Baris Ata, and Mustafa H. Tongarlak. "Harvest: Organic Waste Recycling with Energy Recovery (A)." Harvard Business School Case 611-033, October 2010. (Revised August 2012.)
  • February 2024 (Revised January 2025)
  • Case

AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup

By: Frank Nagle, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein and Susan Pinckney
The case describes the history of AGENTS.inc. Despite being a small startup, with only four employees, that had never had a funding round, the company boasted an impressive client portfolio including multiple Fortune 500 companies. While AGENTS.inc had been an early... View Details
Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Small Business; Transformation; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decisions; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Financial Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Platforms; Technological Innovation; Copyright; Management; Growth and Development; Market Timing; Ownership; Risk and Uncertainty; Competition; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurial Finance; Computer Industry; Europe; Germany
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Nagle, Frank, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein, and Susan Pinckney. "AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup." Harvard Business School Case 724-444, February 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
  • April 2019
  • Case

Barber Cardiosystems

By: Ranjay Gulati and Paul S. Myers
Barber Cardiosystems, based in Melbourne, Australia, designs and manufactures therapeutic devices used for treatment of coronary conditions. Over four decades, it has grown to be among the top 200 medical device companies in the world. It competes against much larger... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Strategic Alignment; Cost Management; Performance Productivity; Organizational Culture; Motivation and Incentives; Organizational Design; Strategy; Leadership; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Australia
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Gulati, Ranjay, and Paul S. Myers. "Barber Cardiosystems." Harvard Business School Brief Case 919-505, April 2019.
  • September 2019 (Revised June 2021)
  • Case

Dove and Real Beauty: Building a Brand with Purpose

By: Mark R. Kramer, Myriam Sidibe and Gunjan Veda
Unilever subsidiary Dove soap became a "brand with a purpose" and created shared value when the company decided to launch a Campaign for Real Beauty to combat the artificial media-driven stereotype of female beauty that causes appearance anxiety in women and girls... View Details
Keywords: Stereotype; Body Image; Female; Self-Esteem; Brands and Branding; Mission and Purpose; Advertising Campaigns; Gender; Resource Allocation
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Kramer, Mark R., Myriam Sidibe, and Gunjan Veda. "Dove and Real Beauty: Building a Brand with Purpose." Harvard Business School Case 720-361, September 2019. (Revised June 2021.)
  • 2019
  • Chapter

Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Return on invested capital (ROIC) is a financial measure of the profitability of a firm or business unit. If it is greater than the business's cost of capital, then reinvestment of earnings increases shareholder VALUE. The ROIC also determines a maximum self-sustaining... View Details
Keywords: Capital Efficiency; Dupont Analysis; Financial Metrics; Schumpeterian Competition; Sustainable Growth; Competitive Advantage; Financial Strategy; Resource Allocation; Valuation; Value Creation
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Continuously updated edition, edited by Mie Augier and David J. Teece. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Electronic. (Pre-published, October 2013.)
  • February 21, 2025
  • Article

How a Company’s Ownership Model Shapes the Mistakes It Makes

By: Josh Baron
Why do some companies continue to thrive for decades and others die after an initial run of success? Like many kinds of accidents, company failure is generally the consequence of cascading effects that combine to overwhelm a previously effective strategy. But the... View Details
Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Failure; Ownership
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Baron, Josh. "How a Company’s Ownership Model Shapes the Mistakes It Makes." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (February 21, 2025).
  • January 2023 (Revised December 2023)
  • Case

OhmConnect: Energizing the Future

By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Jennifer Fonstad and Nicole Tempest Keller
Founded in 2013, OhmConnect was a free consumer web app that alerted customers about peak hours of electricity demand, and paid them to lower their energy use at home during these periods. The company sold the aggregated reductions generated by thousands of households... View Details
Keywords: App Development; Renewable Energy; Electricity Usage; Regulations; VC; Technology; Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC); Scalability; Applications and Software; Growth and Development Strategy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business Model; Venture Capital; Energy Industry; United States; California; Texas; Europe
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Rayport, Jeffrey F., Jennifer Fonstad, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "OhmConnect: Energizing the Future." Harvard Business School Case 823-065, January 2023. (Revised December 2023.)
  • October 2007 (Revised November 2010)
  • Module Note

Evaluating M&A Deals-Equity Consideration

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
What the acquiring company pays for a target in a merger or acquisition is called "consideration." Consideration can be in the form of cash, shares, or a combination of the two. Lays out the basic mechanics of equity consideration. Derives formulas for the Deal NPV of... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Equity
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Evaluating M&A Deals-Equity Consideration." Harvard Business School Module Note 208-077, October 2007. (Revised November 2010.)
  • 06 Aug 2020
  • News

The Workforce Is About to Change Dramatically

  • 09 Oct 2018
  • News

We Deserve Better Than “Attagirl”

  • April 1994 (Revised October 2001)
  • Case

Mrs. Fields, Inc. (1977 - 1987)

By: Lynda M. Applegate and Keri O. Pearlson
Describes a small company selling freshly baked goods through privately owned specialty stores (each store sells only Mrs. Fields products). The company has about 8,000 employees worldwide and less than 150 information systems people for a unique leverage of MIS... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Organizations; Management Systems; Business Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
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Applegate, Lynda M., and Keri O. Pearlson. "Mrs. Fields, Inc. (1977 - 1987)." Harvard Business School Case 194-064, April 1994. (Revised October 2001.)
  • 19 Jul 2016
  • First Look

July 19, 2016

Management Review The Real Lessons From Kodak's Decline By: Shih, Willy C. Abstract—Eastman Kodak is often mischaracterized as a company whose managers didn't recognize soon... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • January 2009 (Revised June 2024)
  • Case

Design Thinking and Innovation at Apple

By: Stefan Thomke and Barbara Feinberg
Describes Apple's approach to innovation, management, and design thinking. For several years, Apple has been ranked as the most innovative company in the world, but how it has achieved such success remains mysterious because of the company's obsession with secrecy.... View Details
Keywords: Design; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Management; Product Design; Product Development; Research and Development; Creativity; Technology Industry
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Thomke, Stefan, and Barbara Feinberg. "Design Thinking and Innovation at Apple." Harvard Business School Case 609-066, January 2009. (Revised June 2024.)
  • 18 Oct 2006
  • Research & Ideas

New at the Helm: A Talk with HBS Dean Light

vision is realized, we only stand to benefit from the interactions and activities the move will bring. Q: What's your view on business school rankings? A: The difficulty with the rankings is they don't reflect any of the interesting and... View Details
Keywords: by Roger Thompson; Education
  • 07 Jan 2022
  • News

Ask Help Desk: Creating Community and Safety at Work While Omicron Surges

  • December 2009
  • Case

Milliway Capital & Martin Smith: November 2008

By: G. Felda Hardymon, Matthew Rhodes-Kropf and Ann Leamon
Martin Smith, a recent MBA graduate, has just joined a top-tier venture capital firm in the difficult environment of late 2008. One of his first assignments is to review three companies in a partner's portfolio and recommend strategies for managing them. In addition,... View Details
Keywords: Investment Portfolio; Financial Management; Private Equity; Business Strategy; Partners and Partnerships; Venture Capital; Business or Company Management
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Hardymon, G. Felda, Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, and Ann Leamon. "Milliway Capital & Martin Smith: November 2008." Harvard Business School Case 810-088, December 2009.
  • August 2013 (Revised July 2025)
  • Case

Amazon in 2025

By: Sunil Gupta and Margaret L. Rodriguez
Amazon launched its website in July 1995 to sell books online and by 2020 it has grown to become a digital giant with over $280 billion in annual sales. A large part of its growth came from expanding into a variety of businesses that some see as unrelated. Has it... View Details
Keywords: Platforms; Complements; Showrooming; Ecosystem; Growth Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Network Effects; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Competitive Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Digital Platforms; Retail Industry; Publishing Industry
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Gupta, Sunil, and Margaret L. Rodriguez. "Amazon in 2025." Harvard Business School Case 514-025, August 2013. (Revised July 2025.)
  • September 2016
  • Case

Partners Group: Ain't No Mountain High Enough

By: Nori Gerardo Lietz and Ricardo Andrade
Partners Group (PG), a Swiss-based PE manager, initiated a series of strategic shifts and evolved from a predominately fund-of-funds manager into a large, multi-asset class PE firm focused on direct investments. PG was the first PE firm to go public in 2006. A number... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Management Practices and Processes; Entrepreneurship
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Lietz, Nori Gerardo, and Ricardo Andrade. "Partners Group: Ain't No Mountain High Enough." Harvard Business School Case 217-035, September 2016.
  • Video

HBS FIELD 2 Montage

    The Progress Principle

    By  Teresa M. Amabile, and Steven J. Kramer.

    Harvard Business Review Press, 2011.

    The most effective managers have the ability to build a cadre of employees who have great inner work lives-consistently positive... View Details

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