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      • 2013
      • Dissertation

      Designing Freemium: A Model of Consumer Usage, Upgrade, and Referral Dynamics

      By: Clarence Lee, Vineet Kumar and Sunil Gupta
      Abstract. Over the past decade "freemium" (free + premium) has become the dominant business model among internet start-ups for its ability to acquire and monetize a large install-base with limited marketing resources. Freemium is a hybrid strategy where a firm offers... View Details
      Keywords: Discrete-Continuous Choice Dynamic Structural Models; Bayesian Estimation; Word-of-Mouth; Digital Services; Freemium; Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Motivation and Incentives; Marketing Strategy; Internet and the Web; Consumer Behavior; Marketing Reference Programs; Business Startups
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      Lee, Clarence, Vineet Kumar, and Sunil Gupta. "Designing Freemium: A Model of Consumer Usage, Upgrade, and Referral Dynamics." Diss., Harvard Business School, 2013. (Job Market Paper.)
      • June–July 2013
      • Article

      Firm Rivalry, Knowledge Accumulation, and MNE Location Choices

      By: Juan Alcacer, Cristian Deszo and Minyuan Zhao
      The international business (IB) literature has mostly emphasized the impact of location and firm characteristics on location choices. However, industries with a significant presence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are oligopolistic in nature, which suggests that... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Competition; Multinational Firms and Management; Knowledge Acquisition; Game Theory; Global Strategy
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      Alcacer, Juan, Cristian Deszo, and Minyuan Zhao. "Firm Rivalry, Knowledge Accumulation, and MNE Location Choices." Special Issue on The Multinational in Geographic Space. Journal of International Business Studies 44, no. 5 (June–July 2013): 504–520.
      • June 2013
      • Article

      What Is Privacy Worth?

      By: Alessandro Acquisti, Leslie K. John and George Loewenstein
      Understanding the value that individuals assign to the protection of their personal data is of great importance for business, law, and public policy. We use a field experiment informed by behavioral economics and decision research to investigate individual privacy... View Details
      Keywords: Safety; Rights; Valuation; Ethics; Identity
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      Acquisti, Alessandro, Leslie K. John, and George Loewenstein. "What Is Privacy Worth?" Journal of Legal Studies 42, no. 2 (June 2013): 249–274.
      • February 2013
      • Article

      Learning from Roger Fisher

      By: James K. Sebenius
      Roger Fisher's career and writings not only offer lessons about negotiation but also about how an academic, especially in a professional school such as law or business, can make an important, positive difference in the world. By his relentless engagement in vexing... View Details
      Keywords: Roger Fisher; Dispute Resolution; Bargaining; Negotiation
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      Sebenius, James K. "Learning from Roger Fisher." Harvard Law Review 126, no. 4 (February 2013): 893–898.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      Bridging Science and Technology Through Academic-Industry Partnerships

      By: Sen Chai and Willy C. Shih
      Scientific research and its translation into commercialized technology is a driver of wealth creation and economic growth. Partnerships to foster the translational processes from public research organizations, such as universities and hospitals, to private firms are a... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Firm Performance; Public-private Partnership Funding; Translational Research; Small And Medium Enterprises; Partners and Partnerships; Public Sector; Private Sector; Performance; Science-Based Business; Innovation and Invention
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      Chai, Sen, and Willy C. Shih. "Bridging Science and Technology Through Academic-Industry Partnerships." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-058, January 2013. (Revised July 2014.)
      • 2013
      • Book

      Porte à porte: Reconquérir la démocratie sur le terrain

      By: Guillaume Liégey, Arthur Muller and Vincent Pons
      From January to May 2012, campaign activists supporting François Hollande knocked at five millions doors, making this door-to-door effort the largest in Europe to date. This project was formed by Guillaume Liégey, Arthur Muller, and Vincent Pons, who had met at the... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Political Elections; United States; Europe
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      Liégey, Guillaume, Arthur Muller, and Vincent Pons. Porte à porte: Reconquérir la démocratie sur le terrain. Calmann-Lévy, 2013, French ed.
      • 2013
      • Conference Paper

      Preliminary Thoughts and Observation on the Boston Marathon Bombings

      By: Dutch Leonard and Arnold M. Howitt
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      Leonard, Dutch, and Arnold M. Howitt. "Preliminary Thoughts and Observation on the Boston Marathon Bombings." 2013.
      • December 2012
      • Article

      Inducement Prizes and Innovation

      By: Liam Brunt, Josh Lerner and Tom Nicholas
      We examine the effect of prizes on innovation using data on awards for technological development offered by the Royal Agricultural Society of England at annual competitions between 1839 and 1939. We find that the effects of prizes on competitive entry are large, and we... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Patents; Innovation and Invention; Information Technology; Growth and Development; England
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      Brunt, Liam, Josh Lerner, and Tom Nicholas. "Inducement Prizes and Innovation." Journal of Industrial Economics 60, no. 4 (December 2012): 657–696.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Modularity and Organizations

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are... View Details
      Keywords: Complex Systems; Information Hiding; Loosely-coupled Systems; Mirroring; Mirroring Hypothesis; Modules; Modularity; Near-decomposable Systems; Product Architecture; Option Value; Organizational Design; Complexity
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modularity and Organizations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-046, November 2012. (To appear in the Elsevier International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition; available on request to the author.)
      • November 2012
      • Article

      Empirical Observations on Longer-term Use of Incentives for Weight Loss

      By: Leslie K. John, George Loewenstein and Kevin Volpp
      Behavioral economic-based interventions are emerging as powerful tools to help individuals accomplish their own goals, including weight loss. Deposit contract incentive systems give participants the opportunity to put their money down toward losing weight, which they... View Details
      Keywords: Weight Loss; Obesity; Behavioral Economics; Intervention; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives
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      John, Leslie K., George Loewenstein, and Kevin Volpp. "Empirical Observations on Longer-term Use of Incentives for Weight Loss." Preventive Medicine 55, Supplement 1 (November 2012): S68–S74.
      • October 2012
      • Case

      Brazil 2003: Inflation Targeting and Debt Dynamics (Abridged)

      By: Laura Alfaro and Rafael Di Tella
      In October 2002, Brazilians elected a left-wing president, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, for the first time in that country's history. As markets faltered in response, Lula sought to reaffirm his commitment to fiscal discipline, a floating exchange rate, and inflation... View Details
      Keywords: Brazil; Inflation; Emerging Markets; Inflation and Deflation; Brazil
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Rafael Di Tella. "Brazil 2003: Inflation Targeting and Debt Dynamics (Abridged) ." Harvard Business School Case 713-041, October 2012.
      • Article

      Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis

      By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak
      A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that the organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
      Keywords: Organization Design; Architecture; Modularity; Open Source Software; Communication; Design; Governance; Management Practices and Processes; Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Structure; Performance; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Software
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      MacCormack, Alan, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and John Rusnak. "Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis." Research Policy 41, no. 8 (October 2012): 1309–1324.
      • December 2012
      • Article

      Grand Innovation Prizes: A Theoretical, Normative, and Empirical Evaluation

      By: Alan MacCormack, Fiona Murray, Scott Stern and Georgina Campbell
      This paper provides a systematic examination of the use of a Grand Innovation Prize (GIP) in action—the Progressive Automotive Insurance X PRIZE—a $10 million prize for a highly efficient vehicle. Following a mechanism design approach we define three key dimensions for... View Details
      Keywords: Design; Motivation and Incentives; Goals and Objectives; Performance; Auto Industry
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      MacCormack, Alan, Fiona Murray, Scott Stern, and Georgina Campbell. "Grand Innovation Prizes: A Theoretical, Normative, and Empirical Evaluation." Research Policy 41, no. 10 (December 2012): 1779–1792.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      Leading in Crises: Observations on the Political and Decision-Making Dimensions of Response

      By: Herman B. Leonard and Arnold M. Howitt
      Emergency response organizations, as we have argued in earlier writing, must deal with both "routine emergencies" (dangerous events, perhaps extremely severe, that are routine because they can be anticipated and prepared for) and "true crises" (which, because of... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Leadership; Decision Choices and Conditions; Crisis Management; Government and Politics
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      Leonard, Herman B., and Arnold M. Howitt. "Leading in Crises: Observations on the Political and Decision-Making Dimensions of Response." Chap. 3 in Mega-Crises: Understanding the Prospects, Nature, Characteristics and the Effects of Cataclysmic Events, edited by Ira Helsloot, Arjen Boin, Brian Jacobs, and Louise K. Comfort, 25–36. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 2012.
      • June 2012
      • Article

      The Transparency Paradox: A Role for Privacy in Organizational Learning and Operational Control

      By: Ethan S. Bernstein
      Using data from embedded participant-observers and a field experiment at the second largest mobile phone factory in the world, located in China, I theorize and test the implications of transparent organizational design on workers' productivity and organizational... View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; Privacy; Organizational Learning; Operational Control; Organizational Performance; Chinese Manufacturing; Field Experiment; Rights; Interpersonal Communication; Management Practices and Processes; Ethics; Corporate Disclosure; Performance Productivity; Boundaries; Organizations; Social and Collaborative Networks; Labor and Management Relations; Power and Influence; Manufacturing Industry; China
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      Bernstein, Ethan S. "The Transparency Paradox: A Role for Privacy in Organizational Learning and Operational Control." Administrative Science Quarterly 57, no. 2 (June 2012): 181–216.
      • May 2012 (Revised January 2013)
      • Case

      Wikipedia: Project Esperanza

      By: Mikolaj Jan Piskorski, Andreea Gorbatai and Tiona Zuzul
      In October 2006, Wikipedia was the largest volunteer-run on-line encyclopedia which could be freely read and edited by anyone with internet access. Within almost six years of its founding in 2001, the project had attracted hundreds of thousands of editors who had... View Details
      Keywords: Web-enabled Application; Internet; Information Publishing; Social and Collaborative Networks; Groups and Teams; Publishing Industry; United States
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      Piskorski, Mikolaj Jan, Andreea Gorbatai, and Tiona Zuzul. "Wikipedia: Project Esperanza." Harvard Business School Case 712-493, May 2012. (Revised January 2013.)
      • May 18, 2012
      • Article

      Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss

      By: David I Levine, Michael W. Toffel and Matthew S. Johnson
      Controversy surrounds occupational health and safety regulators, with some observers claiming that workplace regulations damage firms' competitiveness and destroy jobs and others arguing that they make workplaces safer at little cost to employers and employees. We... View Details
      Keywords: Regulation; Occupational Safety; Evaluation; Regression; Matching; Difference In Differences; Safety; Health; Working Conditions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competitive Advantage; Performance; Manufacturing Industry; California
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      Levine, David I., Michael W. Toffel, and Matthew S. Johnson. "Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss." Science 336, no. 6083 (May 18, 2012): 907–911. (Online supplement (appendix). Featured in an article by the head of US OSHA, and in U.S. News & World Report and many other news outlets. Basis of U.S. Congressional testimony on promoting safe workplaces.)
      • March 2012
      • Article

      Why U.S. Competitiveness Matters to All of Us

      By: Nitin Nohria
      Americans may not realize this, but the world wants the United States to be competitive. For more than a century, global observers have considered the U.S. economy to be an exemplar and America a country to envy and imitate. Unfortunately, America's reign as the... View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Competition; Economy; United States
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      Nohria, Nitin. "Why U.S. Competitiveness Matters to All of Us." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 3 (March 2012).
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      ~Why Do We Redistribute so Much but Tag so Little? Normative Diversity, Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation

      By: Matthew Weinzierl
      Tagging is a free lunch in conventional optimal tax theory because it eases the classic tradeoff between efficiency and equality. But tagging is used in only limited ways in tax policy. I propose one explanation: conventional optimal tax theory has yet to capture the... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Cost; Framework; Policy; Taxation; Analytics and Data Science; Performance Efficiency; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew. "~Why Do We Redistribute so Much but Tag so Little? Normative Diversity, Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-064, January 2012. (Revised August 2012. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18045, August 2012)
      • 2011
      • Chapter

      Changing Identity, Changing Language

      By: Kathleen L. McGinn and Jeffrey T. Polzer
      Environmental jolts and shifting membership challenge a group's efficacy and survival. Group identity is critical for a shared interpretation of and response to these challenges, but external and internal changes may require corresponding changes in a group's... View Details
      Keywords: Change; Spoken Communication; Performance Efficiency; Problems and Challenges; Safety; Identity; California
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      McGinn, Kathleen L., and Jeffrey T. Polzer. "Changing Identity, Changing Language." In Advances in Group Processes. Vol. 28, edited by Shane R. Thye and Edward Lawler, 125–145. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing, 2011.
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