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  • All HBS Web  (7,731)
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  • February 2018 (Revised August 2018)
  • Case

Blue Haven Initiative: The PEGAfrica Investment

By: Vikram S. Gandhi, Caitlin Reimers Brumme and Amram Migdal
This case examines Blue Haven Initiative (BHI), an impact investing fund and family office, and one of its investments, PEGAfrica (PEG). BHI founder Liesel Pritzker Simmons’ motivations for using her family wealth to start a family office focused on impact investing,... View Details
Keywords: Impact Investing; Family Office; Development; International Development; International Development Investing; Development Fund; Sustainability; Solar Energy; Solar; Pay As You Go; PAYG; MFI; Social Venture; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Economics; Development Economics; Energy; Energy Conservation; Energy Sources; Renewable Energy; Social Entrepreneurship; Finance; Assets; Asset Pricing; Capital; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Venture Capital; Cash; Cash Flow; Currency; Currency Exchange Rate; Equity; Private Equity; Financial Instruments; Debt Securities; Stock Shares; Financing and Loans; Microfinance; International Finance; Investment; Investment Return; Investment Activism; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Price; Geography; Geographic Location; Emerging Markets; Ownership; Ownership Stake; Private Ownership; Social Enterprise; Value; Valuation; Value Creation; Energy Industry; Financial Services Industry; Green Technology Industry; Africa; United States
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Gandhi, Vikram S., Caitlin Reimers Brumme, and Amram Migdal. "Blue Haven Initiative: The PEGAfrica Investment." Harvard Business School Case 318-003, February 2018. (Revised August 2018.)
  • November 2006 (Revised August 2008)
  • Case

Lincoln Electric

By: Jordan I. Siegel
The case describes Lincoln Electric's business strategy and incentive system, and it discusses the global strategy choices that the company faces going forward. Lincoln Electric is deciding whether a strong push into India should be the next step in the company's... View Details
Keywords: Global Strategy; Globalized Firms and Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Strategy; Expansion; India
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Siegel, Jordan I. "Lincoln Electric." Harvard Business School Case 707-445, November 2006. (Revised August 2008.)
  • September 2017 (Revised July 2018)
  • Case

CyberArk: Protecting the Keys to the IT Kingdom

By: Raffaella Sadun, David Yoffie and Margot Eiran
CyberArk was the recognized leader in the Privileged Account Management (PAM) space, a cybersecurity subsegment it had essentially created to secure organizations’ IT systems and sensitive data. Over 17 years, the Israeli company had grown to a market capitalization of... View Details
Keywords: Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Culture; Competitive Advantage; Information Technology; Cybersecurity; Information Technology Industry; Israel; United States
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Sadun, Raffaella, David Yoffie, and Margot Eiran. "CyberArk: Protecting the Keys to the IT Kingdom." Harvard Business School Case 718-418, September 2017. (Revised July 2018.)
  • July 2023
  • Case

Crocs: Using Community-Centric Marketing to Make Ugly Iconic

By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne V. Wilson
In 2022, the Crocs Classic Clog was the best-selling item of clothing on Amazon, the brand was one of the fastest growing brands in the U.S., and global net revenue had increased to approximately $3.6 billion. By most accounts, Crocs had become the “it” shoe. Crocs... View Details
Keywords: Brands and Branding; Product Development; Growth and Development; Customer Value and Value Chain; Digital Marketing; Digital Strategy; Segmentation; Advertising; Consumer Products Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
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Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne V. Wilson. "Crocs: Using Community-Centric Marketing to Make Ugly Iconic." Harvard Business School Case 524-006, July 2023.
  • July 2010 (Revised September 2012)
  • Case

Public Architecture

By: Lakshmi Ramarajan, Christopher Marquis and Bobbi Thomason
Public Architecture is a non-profit architecture company dedicated to creating social and professional change through design for the public good. Public has focused on three strategies to create change: 1) promoting the design community's commitment to pro bono work,... View Details
Keywords: Design; Innovation and Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Nonprofit Organizations; Business Strategy; Integration
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Ramarajan, Lakshmi, Christopher Marquis, and Bobbi Thomason. "Public Architecture." Harvard Business School Case 411-030, July 2010. (Revised September 2012.)
  • August 2021
  • Case

Zoom Video Communications: Building a Culture of Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion During COVID-19

By: Karen G. Mills, Scott Duke Kominers, Christopher Stanton, Andy Wu, George Gonzalez and Gabriella Elanbeck
Keywords: Diversity Management; Diversity Training; Cultural Change; Cultural Diversity; Inclusion; Inclusive Growth; Inclusive Hiring; Hiring; Hiring Of Employees; Recruiting; Performance Management; Change Leadership; Race And Ethnicity; Racial Bias; Racial Disparity; Racial Injustice; Racial Tensions; Racism; Organization; Organization Process; Organization Structure; Structural/institutional Racism; Leadership And Change Management; Leadership And Managing People; Leading; Gender Bias; Discrimination; Inequalities; Inequality; Social Change; Employee Attitude Development And Empowerment; Employee Bonding; Employee Empowerment; Employee Engagement; Employee Fairness; Employee Morale; Employee Performance Management; Employee Relations; Company Culture; Company Values; Values; COVID-19 Pandemic; Demographics; Diversity; Age; Ethnicity; Gender; Business Processes; Change Management; Change; Race; Human Capital; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Employees; Employee Relationship Management; Recruitment; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Jobs and Positions; Job Interviews; Leadership; Leading Change; Management; Management Teams; Business or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Style; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Culture; Happiness; Prejudice and Bias; Satisfaction; Equity; Identity; Leadership Style; Values and Beliefs; Technology Industry; United States
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Mills, Karen G., Scott Duke Kominers, Christopher Stanton, Andy Wu, George Gonzalez, and Gabriella Elanbeck. "Zoom Video Communications: Building a Culture of Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion During COVID-19." Harvard Business School Case 322-031, August 2021.
  • November 2011
  • Case

WrapItUp: Developing a New Compensation Plan

By: W. Earl Sasser Jr. and Rachel Shelton
A restaurant chain based in California offers made-to-order sandwich wraps using fresh, healthy ingredients. The founders of the company take a very active role in day-to-day business and tightly control every aspect of the restaurant operation from hiring store... View Details
Keywords: Empowerment; Middle Management; Human Resource Management; Compensation; Incentives; Motivation; Motivation and Incentives; Change Management; Business Growth and Maturation; Service Delivery; Entrepreneurship; Employees; Compensation and Benefits; Service Industry; Retail Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; California
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Sasser, W. Earl, Jr., and Rachel Shelton. "WrapItUp: Developing a New Compensation Plan." Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-362, November 2011.
  • March 2024
  • Article

Human Capital Affects Religious Identity: Causal Evidence from Kenya

By: Livia Alfonsi, Michal Bauer, Julie Chytilová and Edward Miguel
We study how human capital and economic conditions causally affect the choice of religious denomination. We utilize a longitudinal dataset monitoring the religious history of more than 5,000 Kenyans over 20 years, in tandem with a randomized experiment (deworming) that... View Details
Keywords: Religion; Human Capital; Developing Countries and Economies; Welfare; Kenya
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Alfonsi, Livia, Michal Bauer, Julie Chytilová, and Edward Miguel. "Human Capital Affects Religious Identity: Causal Evidence from Kenya." Art. 103215. Journal of Development Economics 167 (March 2024).
  • 2025
  • Working Paper

Global Harms, Local Profits: How the Uneven Costs of Natural Disasters Affect Support for Green Political Platforms

By: Silvia Pianta and Paula Rettl
Large-scale fires are becoming increasingly common due to climate change. While conventional wisdom suggests that firsthand experiences with natural disasters foster green coalitions by raising awareness of environmental degradation, we propose an alternative... View Details
Keywords: Climate Impact; Politics; Environmental Issues; Environmental Protection; Economic Analysis; Economic Behavior; Economic Geography; Economy; Economics; Climate Change; Environmental Management; Political Elections; Natural Disasters; Green Technology; Environmental Sustainability; Latin America; Brazil
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Pianta, Silvia, and Paula Rettl. "Global Harms, Local Profits: How the Uneven Costs of Natural Disasters Affect Support for Green Political Platforms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-023, September 2023. (Revised June 2025.)
  • 2021
  • Working Paper

The Emergence of Mafia-like Business Systems in China

By: Meg Rithmire and Hao Chen
A large literature on state-business relations in China has examined the political role of capitalists and collusion between the state and the private sector. This paper contributes to that literature, and our understanding of the internal differentiation among China’s... View Details
Keywords: China's Political Economy; State-business Relations; Business Groups; Financial Systems; Economy; Government and Politics; Business and Government Relations; Finance; System; China
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Rithmire, Meg, and Hao Chen. "The Emergence of Mafia-like Business Systems in China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-098, March 2021.
  • September 2016 (Revised March 2018)
  • Case

Qalaa Holdings and the Egyptian Refining Company

By: Victoria Ivashina and Marc Homsy
This case follows Qalaa Holdings, a successful Egypt-based private equity firm, and gives insight into the types of investments it pursued, its growth over time, and the limited partner base it had at hand. It also allows students to consider and debate whether the... View Details
Keywords: Africa; Structuring And Financing Large Projects; Private Equity; Infrastructure; Project Finance; Emerging Markets; Financial Services Industry; Egypt; Africa
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Ivashina, Victoria, and Marc Homsy. "Qalaa Holdings and the Egyptian Refining Company." Harvard Business School Case 217-011, September 2016. (Revised March 2018.)
  • 2015
  • Working Paper

Measurement Errors of Expected-Return Proxies and the Implied Cost of Capital

By: Charles C.Y. Wang
Despite their popularity as proxies of expected returns, the implied cost of capital's (ICC) measurement error properties are relatively unknown. Through an in-depth analysis of a popular implementation of ICCs by Gebhardt, Lee, and Swaminathan (2001) (GLS), I show... View Details
Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Cost of Capital; Investment Return
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Wang, Charles C.Y. "Measurement Errors of Expected-Return Proxies and the Implied Cost of Capital." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-098, May 2013. (Revised February 2015.)
  • August 2012 (Revised September 2013)
  • Case

EnerNOC: DemandSMART

By: Michael W. Toffel, Kira Fabrizio and Stephanie van Sice
EnerNOC is an energy company with an innovative business model: it serves as an intermediary between electric utilities and electricity users. It contracts with electricity users willing to reduce demand during periods of peak energy demand, and sells this as excess... View Details
Keywords: Production Planning; Productivity; Environmental Protection; Energy; Environment; Business Government Relations; Laws And Regulation; Business Model; Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Invention; Opportunities; Risk and Uncertainty; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Supply Chain Management; Production; Energy Conservation; Energy Industry
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Toffel, Michael W., Kira Fabrizio, and Stephanie van Sice. "EnerNOC: DemandSMART." Harvard Business School Case 613-036, August 2012. (Revised September 2013.)

    The Impact of Patent Wars on Firm Strategy: Evidence from the Global Smartphone Industry

    We investigate the effect of patent wars on firm strategy using data from the global smartphone market. In particular, we analyze how smartphone vendors not involved in patent litigation strategically respond to increased litigation risks in this industry. We find... View Details

    • 05 Oct 2023
    • News

    On the Move: Massimo (Max) Magni (MBA 2003)

    Our “On the Move” series highlights HBS alumni who are taking on new roles and responsibilities. Here we speak with Massimo (Max) Magni (MBA 2003), who has been named Macy’s new chief customer and digital officer. In this role, Magni will take charge of Macy’s digital... View Details
    Keywords: Retail Trade
    • 11 Sep 2023
    • Blog Post

    Reflections on My First Semester Teaching at HBS

    teachers try to prepare our lesson and board plans, there’s nothing you can do to truly simulate the unexpected/chaotic/living conversation in advance. I’m truly grateful for my section’s willingness to support my growth as a teacher over... View Details
    • March 2017 (Revised November 2018)
    • Case

    BYJU'S The Learning App

    By: John Jong-Hyun Kim and Rachna Tahilyani
    BYJU’S The Learning App (BYJU’s) is India’s largest K-12 education app with about 300,000 annual paid subscribers. The mobile app uses a mix of video lessons and interactive tools to personalize learning for every student. Although there is room to grow exponentially... View Details
    Keywords: Education; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Growth and Development Strategy; Learning; Customization and Personalization; Education Industry; India; United States
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    Kim, John Jong-Hyun, and Rachna Tahilyani. "BYJU'S The Learning App." Harvard Business School Case 317-048, March 2017. (Revised November 2018.)
    • 01 Dec 2014
    • Working Paper Summaries

    Financing Innovation

    Keywords: by William R. Kerr & Ramana Nanda
    • May 2022
    • Article

    Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software

    By: Frank Nagle
    While there is little debate that digital forces are playing an increasingly crucial role in the economy, there is limited understanding of the importance of the digital infrastructure that underlies this role. Much of the discussion around digital infrastructure has... View Details
    Keywords: Open Source; Applications and Software; Policy; Infrastructure; Open Source Distribution
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    Nagle, Frank. "Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software." Brookings Series: Reimagining Modern-day Markets and Regulations (May 2022).
    • November 2015
    • Case

    Katherine Schuler at Boxes & Bins, Inc.

    By: Linda A. Hill and James Kindley
    This case is about Katherine Schuler, soon to become senior vice president of marketing at a fast-growing retail organization, Boxes & Bins (B&B). Part of Schuler's success has been due to her "fit" into a company with clear values and principles. In particular, B&B... View Details
    Keywords: Change Management; Personal Development and Career; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry
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    Hill, Linda A., and James Kindley. "Katherine Schuler at Boxes & Bins, Inc." Harvard Business School Brief Case 916-501, November 2015.
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