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      • 2022
      • Chapter

      The Origins of the Developmental State: The European Experience

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      Book Abstract: There has been a major revival of interest in State Capitalism: what it is, where it is found, and why it is seemingly becoming more ubiquitous. As a concept, it has evolved from radical critiques of the Soviet Union, to being deployed by neo-liberals to... View Details
      Keywords: State Capitalism; History; Macroeconomics; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Systems; Europe
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      Reinert, Sophus A. "The Origins of the Developmental State: The European Experience." Chap. 3 in The Oxford Handbook of State Capitalism and the Firm, edited by Mike Wright, Geoffrey T. Wood, Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra, Pei Sun, Ilya Okhmatovskiy, and Anna Grosman, 53–77. Oxford University Press, 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Case

      HPP: Tapping the Netherlands’ Potential

      By: Brian Trelstad and Idelès Kaandorp
      Stichting Het Potentieel Pakken (HPP) was launched to solve a systemic problem in the Dutch Labor Market: gender inequity that was leading to a large number of women to work part-time in fields that were in desperately short supply of labor, like health care, child... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Grants; Scaling And Growth; Nonprofit Organizations; Opportunities; Gender; Income; Employment; Health Care and Treatment; Human Capital; Mission and Purpose; Motivation and Incentives; Growth and Development Strategy; Employment Industry; Health Industry; Education Industry; Consulting Industry; Europe; Netherlands
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Idelès Kaandorp. "HPP: Tapping the Netherlands’ Potential." Harvard Business School Case 323-024, September 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Case

      AllSpice: GitHub for Hardware Engineers

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Mel Martin
      AllSpice, a software-as-a-service company that built a GitHub-like revision control tool for hardware engineers, was in the midst of preparing for rapid scale when the 2022 market downturn left them with big decisions to make. Cofounder and CEO Valentina Ratner had to... View Details
      Keywords: Scaling; SaaS; Strategy; Marketing; Growth and Development Strategy; Resource Allocation; Customer Focus and Relationships; Technology Industry; Electronics Industry; United States
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Mel Martin. "AllSpice: GitHub for Hardware Engineers." Harvard Business School Case 823-022, September 2022.
      • September 10, 2022
      • Article

      NFT Sales: Clearing the Market, Avoiding Gas Wars

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Tim Roughgarden
      Instead of letting the market decide the price for their primary sale offerings, many NFT projects choose to initially sell their NFTs at prices below the market-clearing level. But what happens when market designers trade off efficiency for equity; or when demand far... View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Crypto Economy; Cryptocurrency; NFTs; Auctions; Market Design; Price
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Tim Roughgarden. "NFT Sales: Clearing the Market, Avoiding Gas Wars." a16zcrypto.com (September 10, 2022).
      • September 6, 2022
      • Article

      Creating a Platform for Costless Personalization in Clothing

      By: Shane Greenstein
      This study analyzes the role of co-invention in the creation of a platform for print-on-demand-clothing, or PODC. Co-invention is the invention of a new business process to complement new technology, and turn it into a valuable commercial service. PODC copies a design... View Details
      Keywords: Print-on-demand-clothing; Customization and Personalization; Digital Platforms; Apparel and Accessories Industry
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      Greenstein, Shane. "Creating a Platform for Costless Personalization in Clothing." Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics (September 6, 2022).
      • Fall 2022
      • Article

      China's Political Economy and International Backlash: From Interdependence to Security Dilemma Dynamics

      By: Margaret Pearson, Meg Rithmire and Kellee Tsai
      Contrary to expectations that economic interdependence might lessen security conflict between China and the U.S. and its allies, much of the contestation between China and several OECD countries has focused on firms and economic links. This paper explains the... View Details
      Keywords: Globalized Markets and Industries; Government and Politics; Information Technology; China
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      Pearson, Margaret, Meg Rithmire, and Kellee Tsai. "China's Political Economy and International Backlash: From Interdependence to Security Dilemma Dynamics." International Security 47, no. 2 (Fall 2022): 135–176.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Experimentation and Start-up Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan and Aaron Chatterji
      Recent scholarship has argued that experimentation should be the organizing principle for entrepreneurial strategy. Experimentation leads to organizational learning, which drives improvements in firm performance. We investigate this proposition by exploiting the... View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; A/B Testing; Data-driven Decision-making; Organizational Learning; Entrepreneurship; Strategy; Business Startups; Learning; Performance; Decision Making
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sharique Hasan, and Aaron Chatterji. "Experimentation and Start-up Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 6434–6453.
      • August 2022 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      NewLab: Scaling an Innovation Engine

      By: Tarun Khanna and George Gonzalez
      Silicon Valley-veteran Shaun Stewart is the CEO of NewLab, a dynamic technology hub headquartered in the storied Brooklyn Navy Yard. Founded in 2016, NewLab fostered a community of entrepreneurs, corporate and government partners, and investors, all seeking to apply... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Social and Collaborative Networks; Global Range; Partners and Partnerships; Networks; Growth and Development Strategy; Opportunities; Brooklyn
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      Khanna, Tarun, and George Gonzalez. "NewLab: Scaling an Innovation Engine." Harvard Business School Case 723-364, August 2022. (Revised February 2023.)
      • August 2022 (Revised December 2022)
      • Case

      Iluméxico: For Every Family to Have Power

      By: Brian Trelstad, Isa Oliveres and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
      In 2022, Manuel Wiechers, the CEO of Iluméxico, a for-profit social enterprise that provided off-grid solar energy services in rural Mexico, was finalizing his presentation for the company’s upcoming board meeting. In the 12 years since Wiechers had co-founded... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Social Enterprise; Energy; Energy Policy; Energy Generation; Energy Sources; Growth Management; Business and Government Relations; Equity; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Energy Industry; Mexico; Latin America
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      Trelstad, Brian, Isa Oliveres, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Iluméxico: For Every Family to Have Power." Harvard Business School Case 323-026, August 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
      • August 2022
      • Case

      SuperRare: Turning an NFT Marketplace into a DAO

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Scott Duke Kominers and Amy Klopfenstein
      In June 2021, John Crain and Jonathan Perkins, the founders of SuperRare, a marketplace for non-fungible tokens (NFTs), contemplate whether to transform their company into a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Crain and Perkins founded SuperRare in 2018 to... View Details
      Keywords: NFTs; Crypto Economy; Alternative Assets; DAOs; Arts; Governance; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Finance; Currency; Investment; Markets; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Demand and Consumers; Network Effects; Market Design; Market Transactions; Market Timing; Web Services Industry; North and Central America; United States
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., Scott Duke Kominers, and Amy Klopfenstein. "SuperRare: Turning an NFT Marketplace into a DAO." Harvard Business School Case 823-027, August 2022.
      • August 2022 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Fresh Food Generation

      By: Brian Trelstad, Amy Klopfenstein and Mel Martin
      This case highlights one of five BIPOC entrepreneurs in the Boston area as part of the HBS Impact Investment Fund. In fall 2021, a team of HBS students reviewed the financial statements of Fresh Food Generation (FFG), a Dorchester, Massachusetts-based food service... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Investment; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurship; Race; Food and Beverage Industry; Boston
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      Trelstad, Brian, Amy Klopfenstein, and Mel Martin. "Fresh Food Generation." Harvard Business School Case 323-010, August 2022. (Revised May 2025.)
      • Article

      All Eyes on Them: A Field Experiment on Citizen Oversight and Electoral Integrity

      By: Natalia Garbiras-Díaz and Mateo Montenegro
      Can information and communication technologies help citizens monitor their elections? We analyze a large-scale field experiment designed to answer this question in Colombia. We leveraged Facebook advertisements sent to over 4 million potential voters to encourage... View Details
      Keywords: Social Influence; Electoral Behavior; Election Outcomes; Economics; Economy; Governance; Government and Politics; Social Media; Social Marketing; Society; Political Elections; Advertising
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      Garbiras-Díaz, Natalia, and Mateo Montenegro. "All Eyes on Them: A Field Experiment on Citizen Oversight and Electoral Integrity." American Economic Review 112, no. 8 (August 2022): 2631–2668.
      • August 2022
      • Article

      What Makes a Good Image? Airbnb Demand Analytics Leveraging Interpretable Image Features

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Dokyun Lee, Param Vir Singh and Kannan Srinivasan
      We study how Airbnb property demand changed after the acquisition of verified images (taken by Airbnb’s photographers) and explore what makes a good image for an Airbnb property. Using deep learning and difference-in-difference analyses on an Airbnb panel dataset... View Details
      Keywords: Sharing Economy; Airbnb; Property Demand; Computer Vision; Deep Learning; Image Feature Extraction; Content Engineering; Property; Marketing; Demand and Consumers
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Dokyun Lee, Param Vir Singh, and Kannan Srinivasan. "What Makes a Good Image? Airbnb Demand Analytics Leveraging Interpretable Image Features." Management Science 68, no. 8 (August 2022): 5644–5666.
      • July 28, 2022
      • Article

      DAO Governance Attacks, and How to Avoid Them

      By: Pranav Garimidi, Scott Duke Kominers and Tim Roughgarden
      Many web3 projects embrace permissionless voting using a fungible and tradable native token. Permissionless voting can offer many benefits, from lowering barriers to entry to increasing competition. Token holders can use their tokens to vote on a range of issues—from... View Details
      Keywords: Crypto Economy; Cryptocurrency; Governance; Voting; Decentralized Autonomous Organizations; Organizational Structure; Digital Platforms
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      Garimidi, Pranav, Scott Duke Kominers, and Tim Roughgarden. "DAO Governance Attacks, and How to Avoid Them." a16zcrypto.com (July 28, 2022).
      • July 2022 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Kovi: Changing Brazil's Mobility Landscape

      By: Lynda M. Applegate, Michael Norris and Alexis Lefort
      Kovi, a car rental startup located in São Paulo, Brazil, provides affordable access to rental cars for rideshare drivers. The case examines the origins of the company, provides background on the auto and rideshare industries in Brazil, and follows the CEO, Adhemar... View Details
      Keywords: Ridesharing; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Startups; Developing Countries and Economies; Auto Industry; Brazil; Mexico; Latin America
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      Applegate, Lynda M., Michael Norris, and Alexis Lefort. "Kovi: Changing Brazil's Mobility Landscape." Harvard Business School Case 823-028, July 2022. (Revised January 2024.)
      • July 2022
      • Case

      Operation Overlord

      By: Boris Groysberg, Greg Goullet, Katherine Connolly Baden and Sarah L. Abbott
      On June 6, 1944, nearly 5,000 ships, 11,000 planes, and 160,000 infantrymen under an Allied joint-command of American, British, and Canadian leaders were sent across the English Channel, with hopes of re-establishing a foothold in Nazi-occupied France. Known as D-Day,... View Details
      Keywords: Execution; Data Analytics; Leadership; Planning; Operations; Crisis Management; War; Organizational Structure; Decision Choices and Conditions; Information Management; France; England
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      Groysberg, Boris, Greg Goullet, Katherine Connolly Baden, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Operation Overlord." Harvard Business School Case 422-098, July 2022.
      • July 15, 2022
      • Article

      Does Elon Musk Have a Strategy?

      By: Andy Wu and Goran Calic
      Does Elon Musk have a strategy? Or is he just out there winging it? Looking at Musk’s many companies, common themes stand out across three areas: what fits into his vision for problems to solve, how he designs an organization as a solution to those problems, and why he... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Strategy; Vision; Resources; Organization; Platform; Closed Systems; Leadership; Complexity; Organizational Design; Vertical Integration; Problems and Challenges; Success; Auto Industry; Aerospace Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Energy Industry
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      Wu, Andy, and Goran Calic. "Does Elon Musk Have a Strategy?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (July 15, 2022).
      • July 2022 (Revised October 2022)
      • Case

      Nestlé, Shared Value and KitKat Diplomacy

      By: Geoffrey G. Jones and Sabine Pitteloud
      The case revolves around the decision on March 23, 2022 by Mark Schneider, the chief executive of Swiss-based Nestlé, to withdraw the emblematic Kit Kat chocolate bar from sales in Russia in response to the invasion of Ukraine in the previous month, although not its... View Details
      Keywords: Shared Value; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Globalized Economies and Regions; Ethics; War; Social Issues
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      Jones, Geoffrey G., and Sabine Pitteloud. "Nestlé, Shared Value and KitKat Diplomacy." Harvard Business School Case 323-018, July 2022. (Revised October 2022.)
      • July 2022
      • Case

      Yinglan Tan: Scaling a Venture Capital Firm in Southeast Asia

      By: Josh Lerner and Richard Zhu
      Yinglan Tan considered the future of his young Singapore-based venture capital firm. On the one hand, the intuition that was behind the initial creation of Insignia in 2017 had been proven correct. The venture capital market in Southeast Asia had grown rapidly, driven... View Details
      Keywords: E-commerce; Scalability; Globalized Markets and Industries; Venture Capital; International Finance; Growth and Development; Expansion
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      Lerner, Josh, and Richard Zhu. "Yinglan Tan: Scaling a Venture Capital Firm in Southeast Asia." Harvard Business School Case 823-025, July 2022.
      • Article

      Online Experimentation: Benefits, Operational and Methodological Challenges, and Scaling Guide

      By: Iavor Bojinov and Somit Gupta
      In the past decade, online controlled experimentation, or A/B testing, at scale has proved to be a significant driver of business innovation. The practice was first pioneered by the technology sector and, more recently, has been adopted by traditional companies... View Details
      Keywords: A/B Testing; Experimentation; Data-driven Culture; Product Development; Innovation and Invention; Digital Transformation
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      Bojinov, Iavor, and Somit Gupta. "Online Experimentation: Benefits, Operational and Methodological Challenges, and Scaling Guide." Harvard Data Science Review, no. 4.3 (Summer, 2022).
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